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Matusewicz L, Golec M, Czogalla A, Kuliczkowski K, Konka A, Zembala-John J, Sikorski AF. COVID-19 therapies: do we see substantial progress? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:42. [PMID: 35641916 PMCID: PMC9152818 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread all over the world is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has recently resulted in almost 400 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths, not to mention unknown long-term or persistent side effects in convalescent individuals. In this short review, we discuss approaches to treat COVID-19 that are based on current knowledge of the mechanisms of viral cell receptor recognition, virus–host membrane fusion, and inhibition of viral RNA and viral assembly. Despite enormous progress in antiviral therapy and prevention, new effective therapies are still in great demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Matusewicz
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10c, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10c, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10c, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Chair and Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 19, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.,Acellmed Ltd., M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Acellmed Ltd., M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
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2
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Schröder SK, Pinoé-Schmidt M, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) Deficiency Leads to Cellular Changes in Highly Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line PC-3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020260. [PMID: 35053376 PMCID: PMC8773519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) also termed neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis in various cancers. Since the precise role of LCN2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood, we aimed to elucidate its functions in PCa in vitro. For this purpose, LCN2 was transiently suppressed or permanently depleted in human PC-3 cells using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Effects of LCN2 suppression on expression of different tumorigenic markers were investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. LCN2 knockout cells were analyzed for cellular changes and their ability to cope endoplasmic stress compared to parenteral PC-3 cells. Reduced LCN2 was accompanied by decreased expression of IL-1β and Cx43. In PC-3 cells, LCN2 deficiency leads to reduced proliferation, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lower adhesion, and disrupted F-actin distribution. In addition, IL-1β expression strongly correlated with LCN2 levels. LCN2 knockout cells showed enhanced and sustained activation of unfolded protein response proteins when treated with tunicamycin or cultured under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, an inverse correlation between phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (p-eIF2α) and LCN2 expression was observed suggesting that LCN2 triggers protein synthesis under stress conditions. The finding that LCN2 depletion leads to significant phenotypic and cellular changes in PC-3 cells adds LCN2 as a valuable target for the treatment of PCa.
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3
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Hu HT, Park JH, Wang Z, Bakheet N, Xu SJ, Lee EJ, Kim DH, Kim SH, Song HY, Jeon JY, Chang S. Localized Photothermal Ablation Therapy of Obstructive Rectal Cancer Using a Nanofunctionalized Stent in a Mouse Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5890-5898. [PMID: 34817170 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) is a versatile, palliative treatment method for unresectable, malignant, non-vascular strictures. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the candidates for the application of the SEMS, in combination with the photothermal ablation (PTA) technique that enhances its therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of stent-mediated PTA therapy in an endoscopy-guided, orthotopic rectal cancer model. A total of 30 of 40 mice with the tumor size of grade 4 were included and were divided into three groups of 10 mice each. Group A underwent a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated SEMS but no near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, group B received an uncoated control SEMS with NIR irradiation, and group C received a AuNP-coated SEMS and NIR irradiation together. Colonoscopy and in vivo imaging, immunohistochemical analysis, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of major tumor markers were performed. Stent placement and PTA were technically successful using colonoscopy. The tumor grade reduction after PTA is significant in group C, compared with groups A or B (p < 0.001). Molecular analysis validated this observation with a significantly reduced Mapk1 proliferation marker or increased Jnk expression. Histological analysis confirmed the localized PTA therapy using AuNP-coated SEMS profoundly ablated tumor outgrowth through the stent. Our results indicate that this novel strategy of localized PTA therapy could be a promising option for palliative treatment of CRC and to support prolonged stent patency with a decreased tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154#, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nader Bakheet
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Liver Unit, Kasr Al-Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt
| | - Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Song Hee Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jae Yong Jeon
- Department of Rehabilitation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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4
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Autophagy Induction by Trichodermic Acid Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115566. [PMID: 34070303 PMCID: PMC8197497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading malignant tumor in the world, which has high morbidity and mortality. In this study we found that trichodermic acid (TDA), a secondary metabolite isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium ochrochloronthe with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, exhibited the antitumor effects on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that TDA inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. TDA induces sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress, which triggers apoptosis through IRE1α/XBP1 and PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathways. In addition, we found that TDA mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress also induces autophagy as a protective mechanism. Moreover, combined treatment of TDA with autophagy inhibitors significantly enhanced its anticancer effect. In conclusion, our results indicated that TDA can induce ER stress and autophagy mediated apoptosis, suggesting that targeting ER stress and autophagy may be an effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Wang G, Wang YZ, Yu Y, Yin PH, Xu K, Zhang H. The Anti-Tumor Effect and Mechanism of Triterpenoids in Rhus chinensis Mill. on Reversing Effector CD8+ T-cells Dysfunction by Targeting Glycolysis Pathways in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211017219. [PMID: 34014135 PMCID: PMC8145606 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211017219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus chinensis Mill. is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
which is commonly used for cancer treatments. Our previous work had proven that
triterpenoids of Rhus chinensis (TER) could effectively
regulate glycolysis involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) and play an important
role in the prevention of T-cells dysfunction. This study aimed to
systematically investigate the effects and mechanisms of TER on glucose
metabolism in CRC, while the regulatory mechanisms of TER on restoring T-cells
function and activity in CRC were explored as well. The extract of triterpenoids
from Rhus chinensis was obtained, and production of lactic acid
and glucose uptake were assayed. Also, the expression of CD8+ T-cells surface
markers, cytokines secreted by CD8+ T cells, and the expression of key
glycolytic enzymes and glucose deprivation induced by tumor cells were further
examined. Notably, results showed that TER prevented the dysfunction in CD8+ T
cells by enhancing mTOR activity and subsequent cellular metabolism.
Furthermore, our findings also demonstrated that TER promoted glycolytic gene
expression in CD8+ T cells in vivo, and significantly inhibited tumor growth.
Altogether, our studies suggested that TER not only reversed effector CD8+
T-cells dysfunction and enhanced T-cells recognition, but also improved tumor
microenvironment, thereby providing new insight into the prevention and
treatment of CRC with TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Zhang H, Yi JK, Huang H, Park S, Park S, Kwon W, Kim E, Jang S, Kim SY, Choi SK, Kim SH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. Rhein Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092176. [PMID: 33946531 PMCID: PMC8125196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Rhein has demonstrated therapeutic effects in various cancer models. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms of action in CRC remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of rhein in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of rhein on CRC cells. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion capacity. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. A tissue microarray was used to detect mTOR expression in CRC patient tissues. Gene overexpression and knockdown were done to analyze the function of mTOR in CRC. The anticancer effect of rhein in vivo was assessed in a CRC xenograft mouse model. The results show that rhein significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Rhein inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. mTOR was highly expressed in CRC cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of mTOR promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas mTOR knockdown diminished these phenomena in CRC cells in vitro. In addition, rhein directly targeted mTOR and inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC cells. Rhein promoted mTOR degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Intraperitoneal administration of rhein inhibited HCT116 xenograft tumor growth through the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, rhein exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by targeting mTOR and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC. Our results indicate that rhein is a potent anticancer agent that may be useful for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 36052, Korea;
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.-K.C.)
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Si-Yong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.-K.C.)
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam 34134, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7361 (Z.Y.R.); +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7361 (Z.Y.R.); +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
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7
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Naringin Combined with NF-κB Inhibition and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Oxidative Stress and the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP Axis in HT29 Colon Cancer Cells. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:159-184. [PMID: 32979141 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, combination therapy is considered the most effective solution for a selective chemotherapeutic effect in the treatment of colon cancer. This study investigated the death of both colon cancer HT29 cells and healthy vascular smooth muscle TG-Ha-VSMC cells (VSMCs) induced by naringin combined with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NF-κB inhibition. Naringin combined with tunicamycin and BAY 11-7082 suppressed the proliferation of HT29 cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced particularly apoptotic death without significantly affecting healthy VSMCs according to Annexin V/PI staining and AO/EB staining analyses. Insufficient antioxidant defense and heat shock response as well as excessive ROS generation were observed in HT29 cells following combination therapy. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that drug combination-induced mitochondrial apoptosis was activated through the ROS-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Additionally, naringin combination significantly reduced the sXBP expression induced by tunicamycin+BAY 11-7082 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study found that naringin combined with tunicamycin+BAY 11-7082 efficiently induced apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon cancer cells via oxidative stress and the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway, suggesting that naringin combined with tunicamycin plus BAY 11-7082 could be a new combination therapy strategy for effective colon cancer treatment with minimal side effects on healthy cells.
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8
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Nobile MS, Votta G, Palorini R, Spolaor S, De Vitto H, Cazzaniga P, Ricciardiello F, Mauri G, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F, Besozzi D. Fuzzy modeling and global optimization to predict novel therapeutic targets in cancer cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2181-2188. [PMID: 31750879 PMCID: PMC7141866 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The elucidation of dysfunctional cellular processes that can induce the onset of a disease is a challenging issue from both the experimental and computational perspectives. Here we introduce a novel computational method based on the coupling between fuzzy logic modeling and a global optimization algorithm, whose aims are to (1) predict the emergent dynamical behaviors of highly heterogeneous systems in unperturbed and perturbed conditions, regardless of the availability of quantitative parameters, and (2) determine a minimal set of system components whose perturbation can lead to a desired system response, therefore facilitating the design of a more appropriate experimental strategy. Results We applied this method to investigate what drives K-ras-induced cancer cells, displaying the typical Warburg effect, to death or survival upon progressive glucose depletion. The optimization analysis allowed to identify new combinations of stimuli that maximize pro-apoptotic processes. Namely, our results provide different evidences of an important protective role for protein kinase A in cancer cells under several cellular stress conditions mimicking tumor behavior. The predictive power of this method could facilitate the assessment of the response of other complex heterogeneous systems to drugs or mutations in fields as medicine and pharmacology, therefore paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic treatments. Availability and implementation The source code of FUMOSO is available under the GPL 2.0 license on GitHub at the following URL: https://github.com/aresio/FUMOSO Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Nobile
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Votta
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Palorini
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Simone Spolaor
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Humberto De Vitto
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Paolo Cazzaniga
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricciardiello
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Daniela Besozzi
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
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9
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Rahbar Saadat Y, Pourghassem Gargari B, Shahabi A, Nami Y, Yari Khosroushahi A. Prophylactic Role of Lactobacillus paracasei Exopolysaccharides on Colon Cancer Cells through Apoptosis Not Ferroptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays despite conventional methods in colon cancer treatment, targeting vital molecular pathways and induction of various forms of cell death by safe probiotic components like exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are of great importance and are considered as potential therapeutic agents. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the EPS of L. paracasei on different colon cancer cell lines (SW-480, HT-29, and HCT-116). Methods: For this purpose, several cellular and molecular experiments including MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V/PI assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and some important ferroptosis-related assays were performed. Results: Based on the findings, L. paracasei EPS can induce apoptosis confirmed by all apoptosis related assays and could not act through ferroptosis pathways. L. paracasei EPS could hinder the Akt1, mTOR, and Jak-1 mRNAs, and induces apoptosis through down-regulation of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2), up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, caspase-3, 8). Conclusion: The exploited EPS of an indigenous probiotic strain with anticancer potential with low/insignificant cytotoxicity to normal cells is proposed for future applications in molecular targeted therapy of colon cancer treatment. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials should be performed to evaluate the applicability of this component besides conventional methods to increase the survival rate of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arman Shahabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Branch for North-West and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Šereš M, Pavlíková L, Boháčová V, Kyca T, Borovská I, Lakatoš B, Breier A, Sulová Z. Overexpression of GRP78/BiP in P-Glycoprotein-Positive L1210 Cells is Responsible for Altered Response of Cells to Tunicamycin as a Stressor of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040890. [PMID: 32268491 PMCID: PMC7226765 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1 member of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter family) localized in leukemia cell plasma membranes is known to reduce cell sensitivity to a large but well-defined group of chemicals known as P-gp substrates. However, we found previously that P-gp-positive sublines of L1210 murine leukemia cells (R and T) but not parental P-gp-negative parental cells (S) are resistant to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor tunicamycin (an N-glycosylation inhibitor). Here, we elucidated the mechanism of tunicamycin resistance in P-gp-positive cells. We found that tunicamycin at a sublethal concentration of 0.1 µM induced retention of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle only in the P-gp negative variant of L1210 cells. P-gp-positive L1210 cell variants had higher expression of the ER stress chaperone GRP78/BiP compared to that of P-gp-negative cells, in which tunicamycin induced larger upregulation of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein). Transfection of the sensitive P-gp-negative cells with plasmids containing GRP78/BiP antagonized tunicamycin-induced CHOP expression and reduced tunicamycin-induced arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these data suggest that the resistance of P-gp-positive cells to tunicamycin is due to increased levels of GRP78/BiP, which is overexpressed in both resistant variants of L1210 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Šereš
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +421-2-322-95-574 (M.Š.); +421-2-593-25-514 (A.B.); +421-2-322-95-510 (Z.S.)
| | - Lucia Pavlíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Viera Boháčová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Tomáš Kyca
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivana Borovská
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Boris Lakatoš
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +421-2-322-95-574 (M.Š.); +421-2-593-25-514 (A.B.); +421-2-322-95-510 (Z.S.)
| | - Zdena Sulová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.P.); (V.B.); (T.K.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (A.B.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +421-2-322-95-574 (M.Š.); +421-2-593-25-514 (A.B.); +421-2-322-95-510 (Z.S.)
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S100B Protein Stimulates Proliferation and Angiogenic Mediators Release through RAGE/pAkt/mTOR Pathway in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133240. [PMID: 31266264 PMCID: PMC6651655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are associated with colonic carcinogenesis. Enteric glia-derived S100B protein has been proposed as an "ideal bridge", linking colonic inflammation and cancer, given its dual ability to up-regulate nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription via receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling and to sequestrate wild type pro-apoptotic wild type (wt)p53. However, its pro-angiogenic effects on cancer cells are still uninvestigated. To this aim, we evaluated the effect of exogenous S100B (0.05-5 µM) protein alone or in the presence of S100B blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) (1:105-1:104 v/v diluted) on (1) cultured Caco-2 cells proliferation, migration and invasiveness in vitro, respectively by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-formazan, wound healing and matrigel invasion assays and (2) its effect on the release of pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ELISA and immunofluorescence analyses. The effect of S100B alone or in the presence of S100BmAb was then investigated on RAGE/pAkt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by immunoblot analysis. Our results showed that S100B markedly increases proliferation and invasiveness of Caco-2 cells, through the release of pro-angiogenic VEGF and NO paralleled to a significant decrease of wtp53 expression mediated by RAGE-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/pAkt-mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) pathways. Such effects were counteracted by S100BmAb, indicating that S100B targeting is a potential approach to inhibit colon carcinoma proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Dynamism, Sensitivity, and Consequences of Mesenchymal and Stem-Like Phenotype of Cancer Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4516454. [PMID: 30405720 PMCID: PMC6199882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4516454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are remarkable similarities in the description of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells with mesenchymal phenotype. Both cell types are highly tumorigenic, resistant against common anticancer treatment, and thought to cause metastatic growth. Moreover, cancer cells are able to switch between CSC and non-CSC phenotypes and vice versa, to ensure the necessary balance within the tumor. Likewise, cancer cells can switch between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes via well-described transition (EMT/MET) that is thought to be crucial for tumor propagation. In this review, we discuss whether, and to which extend, the CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells are overlapping phenomena in terms of mechanisms, origin, and implication for cancer treatment. As well, we describe the dynamism of both phenotypes and involvement of the tumor microenvironment in CSC reversion and in EMT.
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Zheng W, Han S, Jiang S, He X, Li X, Ding H, Cao M, Li P. Antitumor effects of Xi Huang pills on MDA‑MB‑231 cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2068-2078. [PMID: 29956784 PMCID: PMC6072179 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer is challenging due to the lack of effective therapeutic options, aggressive behavior and relatively poor prognosis. Xi Huang pills (XHP) are a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that demonstrate anticancer activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of XHP on MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo, and its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of XHP on MDA-MB-231 cells. In order to investigate the effects further, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential assays were performed, as well as western blot analyses. In addition, a tumor xenograft model was employed to investigate the effects of XHP in vivo. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly inhibited by XHP in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of XHP on the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was greater when compared with MCF-10A cells. An increase in apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed following 4, 8 and 12 mg/ml XHP treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 were increased by 1.62-, 2.13- and 2.19-fold, respectively, when compared with the untreated controls, whereas no effects on the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) or Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were observed. The results of the cell cycle distribution assay analysis demonstrated that XHP treatment arrested cells at the G2/M phase. In addition, XHP treatment decreased the expression of cyclin A and increased the expression of p21Cip1. In vivo experiments revealed that XHP inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors without body weight loss, and demonstrated similar effects on the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase 3, cyclin A and p21Cip1 as observed in vitro. In conclusion, the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited by XHP in a dose-dependent, time-dependent and cell-selective manner in vitro, and the potential underlying mechanisms may involve apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. XHP may induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the intrinsic pathway, which does not involve the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. G2/M phase arrest may have been due to the integrated action of decreased cyclin A expression and increased p21Cip1 expression. In addition, XHP inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in the absence of body weight loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shantong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiran He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Huirong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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