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Kondo N, Kinouchi T, Natsumeda M, Matsuzaki J, Hirata E, Sakurai Y, Okada M, Suzuki M. Profile of miRNAs in small extracellular vesicles released from glioblastoma cells treated by boron neutron capture therapy. J Neurooncol 2024; 168:91-97. [PMID: 38598087 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor cell-selective particle-radiation therapy. In BNCT, administered p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is selectively taken up by tumor cells, and the tumor is irradiated with thermal neutrons. High-LET α-particles and recoil 7Li, which have a path length of 5-9 μm, are generated by the capture reaction between 10B and thermal neutrons and selectively kill tumor cells that have uptaken 10B. Although BNCT has prolonged the survival time of malignant glioma patients, recurrences are still to be resolved. miRNAs, that are encapsulated in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in body fluids and exist stably may serve critical role in recurrence. In this study, we comprehensively investigated microRNAs (miRNAs) in sEVs released from post-BNCT glioblastoma cells. METHOD Glioblastoma U87 MG cells were treated with 25 ppm of BPA in the culture media and irradiated with thermal neutrons. After irradiation, they were plated into dishes and cultured for 3 days in the 5% CO2 incubator. Then, sEVs released into the medium were collected by column chromatography, and miRNAs in sEVs were comprehensively investigated using microarrays. RESULT An increase in 20 individual miRNAs (ratio > 2) and a decrease in 2 individual miRNAs (ratio < 0.5) were detected in BNCT cells compared with non-irradiated cells. Among detected miRNAs, 20 miRNAs were associated with worse prognosis of glioma in Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis of overall survival in TCGA. CONCLUSION These miRNA after BNCT may proceed tumors, modulate radiation resistance, or inhibit invasion and affect the prognosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan.
| | - Tadatoshi Kinouchi
- Division of Radiation Biochemistry, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eishu Hirata
- Division of Tumor Cell Biology and Bioimaging, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
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Qi L, Wang L, Song F, Ding Z, Zhang Y. The role of miR-4469 as a tumor suppressor regulating inflammatory cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3755-3763. [PMID: 35891783 PMCID: PMC9304430 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates gene expression posttranscriptionally, and some of them function in tumor suppression and can be used in drug development. As a result, identifying and screening miRNAs that suppress tumors would be a significant addition to tumor treatment. Methods In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile of colorectal cancer (CRC), constructed a negative regulatory network of the miRNA-target genes, and identified miR-4469 as one of the key tumor suppressors miRNAs. We analyzed the expression and survival of miR-4469 in pan-cancer, experimentally verified the expression level of miR-4469 in CRC cells and the effect on CRC cell proliferation and migration. We screened miR-4469 target genes for enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis and validated target gene expression to clarify the regulatory mechanisms involved in miR-4469. Results miR-4469 was more highly expressed in normal colorectum tissues compared to CRC tissues and correlated with survival time in patients with multiple cancers. It was shown that miR-4469 was highly expressed in normal colon cells and miR-4469 expression could inhibit the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. In addition, studies on the mechanism showed that miR-4469 function is mainly related to the regulation of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the key target genes of miR-4469 in this process are SLC2A3, FGR, PLEKHO2, and MYO1F. Conclusion miR-4469 is a tumor suppressor in CRC, and its regulatory mechanism mainly affects the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fuyao Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Functional Screen for microRNAs Suppressing Anchorage-Independent Growth in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094791. [PMID: 35563182 PMCID: PMC9100801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of anchorage-dependent epithelial cells to anchorage-independent growth represents a critical hallmark of malignant transformation. Using an in vitro model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced transformation, we previously showed that acquisition of anchorage-independent growth is associated with marked (epi)genetic changes, including altered expression of microRNAs. However, the laborious nature of the conventional growth method in soft agar to measure this phenotype hampers a high-throughput analysis. We developed alternative functional screening methods using 96- and 384-well ultra-low attachment plates to systematically investigate microRNAs regulating anchorage-independent growth. SiHa cervical cancer cells were transfected with a microRNA mimic library (n = 2019) and evaluated for cell viability. We identified 84 microRNAs that consistently suppressed growth in three independent experiments. Further validation in three cell lines and comparison of growth in adherent and ultra-low attachment plates yielded 40 microRNAs that specifically reduced anchorage-independent growth. In conclusion, ultra-low attachment plates are a promising alternative for soft-agar assays to study anchorage-independent growth and are suitable for high-throughput functional screening. Anchorage independence suppressing microRNAs identified through our screen were successfully validated in three cell lines. These microRNAs may provide specific biomarkers for detecting and treating HPV-induced precancerous lesions progressing to invasive cancer, the most critical stage during cervical cancer development.
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Pentimalli F, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Conlon NT, Sabol M, Ozretić P, Erson-Bensan AE, Reed N, Giordano A, Herrington CS, Calleja-Agius J. Could MicroRNAs Be Useful Tools to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecological Cancers? A Brief Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083822. [PMID: 33917022 PMCID: PMC8067678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose an important public health issue, with a high incidence among women of all ages. Gynecological cancers such as malignant germ-cell tumors, sex-cord-stromal tumors, uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, vulvar carcinoma and melanoma of the female genital tract, are defined as rare with an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. Rare gynecological cancers (RGCs) are associated with poor prognosis, and given the low incidence of each entity, there is the risk of delayed diagnosis due to clinical inexperience and limited therapeutic options. There has been a growing interest in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length, because of their potential to regulate diverse biological processes. miRNAs usually induce mRNA degradation and translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, as well as other regions and gene promoters, as well as activating translation or regulating transcription under certain conditions. Recent research has revealed the enormous promise of miRNAs for improving the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of all major gynecological cancers. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on RGCs. In this review, we summarize the data currently available regarding RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06810, Turkey;
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
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Xing D, Fadare O. Molecular events in the pathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:50-61. [PMID: 33032902 PMCID: PMC7749059 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), which constitute over 90% of vulvar malignancies in adults, are classifiable into 2 subgroups that are mostly clinicopathologically distinct, a classification that is fundamentally based whether or not the tumors are HPV-mediated. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the understanding of molecular events in the pathogenesis of VSCC, including common and targetable mutations, copy number alterations, epigenetics, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immune microenvironment, which may provide insight into the future management of the disease. These events show substantial differences between the 2 subgroups, although significant areas of overlap exist. Recurrent, driver mutations appear to be substantially more prevalent in HPV(-) VSCC. TP53 mutations are the most common somatic mutations in VSCC overall, and are notably predominant in the HPV(-) VSCC, where 30-88% show a mutation. TP53 mutations are associated with worse patient outcomes, and co-mutations between TP53 and either HRAS, PIK3CA or CDKN2A appear to define subsets with even worse outcomes. A wide variety of other somatic mutations have been identified, including a subset with different mutational frequencies between HPV(+) and HPV(-) VSCC. CDKN2A mutations are common, and have been identified in 21 to 55% of HPV(-) VSCC, and in 2 to 25% of HPV(+) VSCC. Hypermethylation of CDKN2A is the most frequently reported epigenetic alteration in VSCC and the expression of some microRNAs may be associated with patient outcomes. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly altered in HPV(+) VSCC, and is accordingly potentially targetable. HPV-positivity/p16 block expression by immunohistochemistry has been found to be an independent prognostic marker for improved survival in VSCC, and may have some predictive value in VSCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. 22-39.3% and 68% of VSCC show EGFR amplification and protein overexpression respectively, although the prognostic and predictive value of an EGFR alteration requires additional study. Recurrent chromosomal gains in VSCCs have been found at 1q, 2q, 3q, 4p, 5p, 7p, 8p, 8q, and 12q, and there may be differential patterns of alterations depending on HPV-status. At least one-third of VSCC patients may potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, based on a high frequency of PD-L1 expression or amplification, or a high tumor mutational burden. Additional studies are ultimately required to better understand the global landscape of genetic and epigenetic alterations in VSCC, and to identify and test potential targets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Xing
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
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6
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Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Yang S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu C, Lu Y, Fang Z, Shi H, Zhang W, Wu X. MicroRNA‑4712‑5p promotes proliferation of the vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 by targeting PTEN through the AKT/cyclin D1 signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1689-1698. [PMID: 31545465 PMCID: PMC6787978 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), observe the role of microRNA-4712-5p in VSCC and investigate its targets and regulatory mechanism. Differentially expressed miRNAs in human VSCC tissues were screened. microRNA-4712-5p was selected and its expression level was verified in clinical tissue samples and the VSCC cell line A431 by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The overexpression vector of microRNA-4712-5p was prepared and transfected into A431 cells; subsequently, cell invasion and metastasis were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell migration assays. Furthermore, the target gene of miRNA-4712-5p was predicted by bioinformatics and verified by The Dual-Luciferase® Reporter (DLR™) Assay System. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and its downstream proteins, such as protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and cyclin D1, were detected by western blot assays. The expression level of microRNA-4712-5p in VSCC tissues and the A431 cell line was found to be significantly increased, promoting proliferation and invasion of VSCC. The DLR™ assay indicated that PTEN was a target of miR-4712-5p. RT-qPCR revealed that PTEN expression was markedly lower in VSCC tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues. After A431 cells were transfected with the miRNA-4712-5p overexpression vector, phospho-AKT (p-AKT) and cyclin D1 expression were notably increased, but miRNA-4712-5p-targeted PTEN and phospho-GSK3β (p-GSK3β) protein markedly decreased. Therefore, microRNA-4712-5p can reduce the expression of PTEN, further affecting its downstream p-AKT, p-GSK3β and cyclin D1 signaling pathways, promoting the proliferation and invasion of VSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Fang
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Hongshuang Shi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110134, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Liolios T, Kastora SL, Colombo G. MicroRNAs in Female Malignancies. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119828746. [PMID: 30792572 PMCID: PMC6376555 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119828746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 22-nucleotide RNAs that can play a fundamental regulatory role in the gene expression of various organisms. Current research suggests that miRNAs can assume pivotal roles in carcinogenesis. In this article, through bioinformatics mining and computational analysis, we determine a single miRNA commonly involved in the development of breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancer, whereas we underline the existence of 7 more miRNAs common in all examined malignancies with the exception of vulvar cancer. Furthermore, we identify their target genes and encoded biological functions. We also analyze common biological processes on which all of the identified miRNAs act and we suggest a potential mechanism of action. In addition, we analyze exclusive miRNAs among the examined malignancies and bioinformatically explore their functionality. Collectively, our data can be employed in in vitro assays as a stepping stone in the identification of a universal machinery that is derailed in female malignancies, whereas exclusive miRNAs may be employed as putative targets for future chemotherapeutic agents or cancer-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis Liolios
- Hellenic Republic National and
Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Giorgia Colombo
- University of Aberdeen, School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, UK
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9
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Santos JMO, Peixoto da Silva S, Costa NR, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Metastatic Process of High-Risk HPV-Induced Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120493. [PMID: 30563114 PMCID: PMC6316057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cancers represent a major health concern worldwide. Despite the constant effort to develop and promote vaccination against HPVs, there is still a high percentage of non-vaccinated population. Furthermore, secondary prevention programs are not ubiquitous worldwide and not widely followed. Metastatic disease is the cause of the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, making it essential to determine its underlying mechanisms and to identify actionable anti-metastatic targets. Within certain types of cancer (e.g., head and neck), HPV-positive tumors show different dissemination patterns when compared with their HPV-negative counterparts, implicating HPV-related factors in the metastatic process. Among the many groups of biomolecules dysregulated by HPV, microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of carcinogenesis, able to control complex processes like cancer metastization. In this review, we present recent data on the role of microRNAs in the metastization of HPV-related cancers and on their possible clinical relevance as biomarkers of metastatic disease and/or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália R Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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