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Chen L, Zhou Y, Weng Z, Liu S, Li T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu H, Huang W. Anti-cancer targets and molecular mechanisms of formononetin in treating osteosarcoma based on network pharmacology. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11489-11507. [PMID: 37870753 PMCID: PMC10637808 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a multifactorial bone malignancy that accounts for most cancers in children and adolescents. Formononetin has been proven to exhibit various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. Few studies have examined the pharmacological activities of formononetin in OS treatment, but the mechanism has not yet been completely elucidated. Network pharmacology is a new method based on the theory of system biology for analyzing the network of biological systems and selecting specific signal nodes for multi-target drug molecular design. Here, we used network pharmacology to explore the possible mechanism of formononetin in OS treatment. Human OS cell line MG63 was processed with four concentrations (0, 2, 5, 8 μg/mL) of formononetin. Subsequently, an MTT assay was performed to test cell proliferation and a scratch test was used to evaluate the migration ability of cancer cells. Caspase-3, p53, p21, and bcl-2 expression levels incubated with different concentrations of formononetin in MG63 cells were determined using Western blotting. After treated with formononetin for 48 h, MG63 cells exhibited marked apoptosis. The results revealed that certain concentrations of formononetin significantly exerted inhibitory effects on MG63 cell proliferation. Furthermore, formononetin decreased the bcl-2 level in MG63 cells but increased caspase-3, p21, and p53 levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, formononetin suppressed the expression of SATB2. Therefore, formononetin could dose-dependently inhibit MG63 cell proliferation and induce apparent cell apoptosis, providing a candidate treatment for OS, whereas SATB2 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for screening OS and therapeutic target of formononetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Weng
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial, General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Fu C, Cheng C, Zhang Y. A novel signature of the ligand and receptor genes associated with disulfidoptosis for prediction of prognosis, immunologic therapy responses in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19502. [PMID: 37662746 PMCID: PMC10472309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud We aimed to explore the prognostic features of ligand and receptor genes associated with disulfidoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and establish a risk signature utilizing these genes to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. Methods We used scRNA-seq data from GSE166635 to differentiate malignant cells from normal cells using "copykat".The study thoroughly examined the disparities in disulfidoptosis scores and the associated gene expressions between malignant and normal cells.We identified key ligand and receptor genes that are specific to HCC cells.Subsequently, Correlation analysis was conducted to ascertain the ligand and receptor genes associated with disulfidoptosis.We performed univariate Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic ligand and receptor genes associated with disulfidoptosis.We employed LASSO to construct a risk signature using prognostic ligand and receptor genes associated with disulfidoptosis.Lastly, we developed a nomogram model that integrates the risk signature with clinicopathological characteristics. Results Malignant cells displayed a marked increase in disulfidoptosis scores and the expression of associated genes compared to normal cells.We identified 110 receptor and ligand genes significantly associated with disulfidoptosis, and narrowed them down to create a risk signature comprising eight genes.Multivariate analysis confirmed the risk signature as an independent prognostic factor for HCC and validated its predictive value for immunotherapy outcomes.A novel nomogram was developed, incorporating stage information and the risk signature derived from disulfidoptosis-related receptor and ligand genes, demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy and reliability in HCC prognosis prediction. Conclusion Risk signatures based on disulfidoptosis-associated ligand and receptor genes can effectively predict HCC prognosis and may inform immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, 352#, Renmin Road, Anqing, Anhui, 246000, PR China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, 352#, Renmin Road, Anqing, Anhui, 246000, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, 352#, Renmin Road, Anqing, Anhui, 246000, PR China
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Wang P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Cao H, Kong L, Ma W, Ren W. A review of the botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of the Astragalus memeranaceus. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1242318. [PMID: 37680711 PMCID: PMC10482111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1242318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (Huangqi) is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, South America, and Africa and rarely in North America and Oceania. It has long been used as an ethnomedicine in the Russian Federation, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, and China. It was first recorded in the Shennong Ben Cao Jing and includes the effects of reinforcing healthy qi, dispelling pathogenic factors, promoting diuresis, reducing swelling, activating blood circulation, and dredging collaterals. This review systematically summarizes the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacology, and toxicology of Astragalus to explore the potential of Huangqi and expand its applications. Data were obtained from databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, Baidu Scholar, and Google Scholar. The collected material also includes classic works of Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese Medicine Dictionary, and PhD and Master's theses. The pharmacological effects of the isoflavone fraction in Huangqi have been studied extensively; The pharmacological effects of Huangqi isoflavone are mainly reflected in its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-diabetic properties and its ability to treat several related diseases. Additionally, the medicinal uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, toxicology, and quality control of Huangqi require further elucidation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of Astragalus to assist future innovative research and to identify and develop new drugs involving Huangqi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Guo J, Tian C, Pan W, Wang H, Yan J. Prostate Cancer Therapy Using Docetaxel and Formononetin Combination: Hyaluronic Acid and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeted Peptide Dual Ligands Modified Binary Nanoparticles to Facilitate the in vivo Anti-Tumor Activity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2683-2693. [PMID: 35983428 PMCID: PMC9380734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s366622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prostate cancer therapy efficiency of the synergistic combination docetaxel (DTX) and formononetin (FMN) in one nano-sized drug delivery system. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted peptide (GE11) dual ligands were applied to modify the nano-systems. Methods In this study, GE11-modified nanoparticles (GE-NPs) were applied for the loading of DTX, and HA-decorated NPs (HA-NPs) were used to encapsulate FMN. HA and GE11 dual ligand-modified binary nanoparticles (HAGE-DTX/FMN-NPs) were constructed by the self-assembling of GE-NPs and HA-NPs. The anti-PCa ability of the system was evaluated in vitro on PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells (PC3 cells) and in vivo on PC3 tumor-bearing mice in comparison with single NPs and free drugs formulations. Results HA/GE-DTX/FMN-NPs were nano-sized particles with smaller particles coating on the inner core and achieved a size of 189.5 nm. HA/GE-DTX/FMN-NPs showed a cellular uptake efficiency of 59.6%, and a more efficient inhibition effect on PC3 cells compared with single ligand-modified NPs and free drugs. HA/GE-DTX/FMN-NPs showed significantly higher tumor inhibition efficiency than their single drug-loaded counterparts and free drugs. Conclusion HA/GE-DTX/FMN-NPs have a synergistic anti-tumor effect and also could the reduce unexpected side effects during the cancer therapy. It could be used as a promising anti-PCa system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Clinical Department, Jinan Vocation College of Nursing, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wengu Pan
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieke Yan
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
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Ma X, Wang J. Formononetin: A Pathway to Protect Neurons. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:908378. [PMID: 35910340 PMCID: PMC9326316 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.908378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin (FMN) is a phytoestrogen member of the flavonoid family, which has the pharmacological effects of antioxidative, antihypertensive, antitumor, and anti-infective. FMN demonstrates potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases, specifically neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, Alzheimer’s disease, and nerve tumor. Herein, a literature search is conducted to provide information on the signaling pathways of neuroprotection of formononetin based on the neuroprotective study. The significant neuroprotective function of FMN makes it a novel candidate for the development of drugs targeting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juejin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Juejin Wang,
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Chen Y, Wang YL, Qiu K, Cao YQ, Zhang FJ, Zhao HB, Liu XZ. YTHDF2 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by activation of the Akt and NF-κB signalling pathways via inhibiting EPHB3 and TNFAIP3. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1393. [PMID: 35582627 PMCID: PMC9082891 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a key factor that restricts the therapeutic effect of glioblastoma (GBM). YTH‐domain family member 2 (YTHDF2) is highly expressed in GBM tissues, while the mechanism of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM remains not fully elucidated. Methods The YTHDF2 expression in TMZ‐resistant tissues and cells was detected. Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of YTHDF2 in GBM. Effect of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM was explored via corresponding experiments. RNA sequence, FISH in conjugation with fluorescent immunostaining, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual‐luciferase reporter gene and immunofluorescence were applied to investigate the mechanism of YTHDF2 that boosted TMZ resistance in GBM. Results YTHDF2 was up‐regulated in TMZ‐resistant tissues and cells, and patients with high expression of YTHDF2 showed lower survival rate than the patients with low expression of YTHDF2. The elevated YTHDF2 expression boosted TMZ resistance in GBM cells, and the decreased YTHDF2 expression enhanced TMZ sensitivity in TMZ‐resistant GBM cells. Mechanically, YTHDF2 bound to the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) sites in the 3′UTR of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3 to decrease the mRNA stability. YTHDF2 activated the PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB signals through inhibiting expression of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3, and the inhibition of the two pathways attenuated YTHDF2‐mediated TMZ resistance. Conclusion YTHDF2 enhanced TMZ resistance in GBM by activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB signalling pathways via inhibition of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yan-Lan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yi-Qiang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Feng-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hai-Biao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xian-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Papadakos SP, Petrogiannopoulos L, Pergaris A, Theocharis S. The EPH/Ephrin System in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052761. [PMID: 35269901 PMCID: PMC8910949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The EPH/ephrin system constitutes a bidirectional signaling pathway comprised of a family of tyrosine kinase receptors in tandem with their plasma membrane-bound ligand (ephrins). Its significance in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes has been recognized during the past decades. In carcinogenesis, EPH/ephrins coordinate a wide spectrum of pathologic processes, such as angiogenesis, vessel infiltration, and metastasis. Despite the recent advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and treatment, it remains a leading cause of death globally, accounting for 9.2% of all cancer deaths. A growing body of literature has been published lately revitalizing our scientific interest towards the role of EPH/ephrins in pathogenesis and the treatment of CRC. The aim of the present review is to present the recent CRC data which might lead to clinical practice changes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Petrogiannopoulos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
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Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Metabolites as Epigenetic Modulators with Impact on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121893. [PMID: 34942997 PMCID: PMC8750933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary phytoestrogens on human health has been a topic of continuous debate since their discovery. Nowadays, based on their presumptive beneficial effects, the amount of phytoestrogens consumed in the daily diet has increased considerably worldwide. Thus, there is a growing need for scientific data regarding their mode of action in the human body. Recently, new insights of phytoestrogens’ bioavailability and metabolism have demonstrated an inter-and intra-population heterogeneity of final metabolites’ production. In addition, the phytoestrogens may have the ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. This review highlights the complexity and particularity of the metabolism of each class of phytoestrogens, pointing out the diversity of their bioactive gut metabolites. Futhermore, it presents emerging scientific data which suggest that, among well-known genistein and resveratrol, other phytoestrogens and their gut metabolites can act as epigenetic modulators with a possible impact on human health. The interconnection of dietary phytoestrogens’ consumption with gut microbiota composition, epigenome and related preventive mechanisms is discussed. The current challenges and future perspectives in designing relevant research directions to explore the potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens are also explored.
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Yin Q, Wang L, Yu H, Chen D, Zhu W, Sun C. Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716672. [PMID: 34539403 PMCID: PMC8447487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a common pathway of many cytokine signal transductions, closely related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammatory response. It is essential for inhibiting the inflammatory response, initiating innate immunity, and coordinating adaptive immune mechanisms. Owing to the nature of this pathway and its potential cross-epitopes with multiple alternative pathways, the long-term efficacy of monotherapy-based adaptive targeting therapy is limited, and the majority of drugs targeting STATs are still in the preclinical phase. Meanwhile, curcumin, quercetin, and several kinds of plant polyphenol chemicals play roles in multiple sites of the JAK-STAT pathway to suppress abnormal activation. Polyphenol compounds have shown remarkable effects by acting on the JAK-STAT pathway in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cardiovascular disease control. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of phytochemicals on JAK-STAT signaling pathway according to the chemical structure of polyphenolic phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Longyun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Wu J, Xu W, Ma L, Sheng J, Ye M, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wang B, Liao M, Meng T, Zhou Y, Chen H. Formononetin relieves the facilitating effect of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1-miR-195/miR-545 axis on progression and chemo-resistance of triple-negative breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18191-18222. [PMID: 34289449 PMCID: PMC8351708 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This investigation attempted to discern whether formononetin restrained progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by blocking lncRNA AFAP1-AS1-miR-195/miR-545 axis. We prepared TNBC cell lines (i.e. MDA-MB-231 and BT-549) and normal human mammary epithelial cell line (i.e. MCF-10A) in advance, and the TNBC cell lines were, respectively, transfected by pcDNA3.1-lncRNA AFAP1-AS1, si-lncRNA AFAP1-AS1, pcDNA6.2/GW/EmGFP-miR-545 or pcDNA6.2/GW/EmGFP-miR-195. Resistance of TNBC cells in response to 5-Fu, adriamycin, paclitaxel and cisplatin was evaluated through MTT assay, while potentials of TNBC cells in proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed via CCK8 assay and Transwell assay. Consequently, silencing of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 impaired chemo-resistance, proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells (P<0.05), and over-expression of miR-195 and miR-545, which were sponged and down-regulated by lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 (P<0.05), significantly reversed the promoting effect of pcDNA3.1-lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 on proliferation, migration, invasion and chemo-resistance of TNBC cells (P<0.05). Furthermore, CDK4 and Raf-1, essential biomarkers of TNBC progression, were, respectively, subjected to target and down-regulation of miR-545 and miR-195 (P<0.05), and they were promoted by pcDNA3.1-lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 at protein and mRNA levels (P<0.05). Additionally, formononetin significantly decreased expressions of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1, CDK4 and Raf-1, while raised miR-195 and miR-545 expressions in TNBC cells (P<0.05), and exposure to it dramatically contained malignant behaviors of TNBC cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, formononetin alleviated TNBC malignancy by suppressing lncRNA AFAP1-AS1-miR-195/miR-545 axis, suggesting that molecular targets combined with traditional Chinese medicine could yield significant clinical benefits in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meina Ye
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjuan Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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Moafian Z, Maghrouni A, Soltani A, Hashemy SI. Cross-talk between non-coding RNAs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4797-4811. [PMID: 34057685 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest cancer globally, with metastasis being the reason for cancer-associated mortality. Much is still unknown biochemically about CRC, and with current treatments that are not wholly effective over time, new therapeutics are urgently needed. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of non-coding RNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs functions in the development and progression of CRC. However, the exact underlying mechanism of these types of RNAs in CRC is still mostly unknown. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway contributes to many cellular processes, and dysregulation of this pathway frequently occurs in cancers. In this review, the authors have mostly focused on the significant non-coding RNAs regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and their contribution to the development or inhibition of CRC and their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Moafian
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Maghrouni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Najar MA, Modi PK, Ramesh P, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Chatterjee A. Molecular Profiling Associated with Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 (CAMKK2)-Mediated Carcinogenesis in Gastric Cancer. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2687-2703. [PMID: 33844560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We showed previously that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), a serine-threonine kinase, is highly expressed in gastric cancer and leads to progression. In the present study, we identified the molecular networks involved in CAMKK2-mediated progression of gastric adenocarcinoma. Treatment of gastric cancer cell lines with a CAMKK2 inhibitor, STO-609, resulted in decreased cell migration, invasion, and colony-forming ability and a G1/S-phase arrest. In addition, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of 7609 proteins, of which 219 proteins were found to be overexpressed and 718 downregulated (1.5-fold). Our data identified several key downregulated proteins involved in cell division and cell proliferation, which included DNA replication licensing factors, replication factor C, origin recognition complex, replication protein A and GINS, and mesenchymal markers, upon CAMKK2 inhibition. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence results showed concordance with our mass spectroscopy data. Taken together, our study supports CAMKK2 as a novel therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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13
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Li T, Zhang S, Chen F, Hu J, Yuan S, Li C, Wang X, Zhang W, Tang R. Formononetin ameliorates the drug resistance of Taxol resistant triple negative breast cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:497-514. [PMID: 33594306 PMCID: PMC7868832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by autophagy-associated protein disorders, autophagy participates in Taxol resistance in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). As an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase with complex signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can regulate various cellular functions by phosphorylation of its downstream target proteins after activation. A large number of references have demonstrated that mTOR signaling pathway is related to autophagy and apoptosis. Formononetin (FMNT) has anticancer properties against breast, prostate and colon cancers. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of FMNT/miR-199a-3p/mTOR pathway on Taxol resistance and autophagy in breast cancer (BC). MiR-199a-3p, mTOR, LC3 and other autophagy related proteins were detected in Taxol sensitive and Taxol resistant TNBC cell lines, which were MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/Taxol, respectively. Cell viability and toxicity were determined by CCK-8 and MTT assay, respectively. The therapeutic effect of FMNT was evaluated in xenotransplantation model of nude mice. MiR-199a-3p was more highly expressed in MDA-MB-231/Taxol than in MDA-MB-231, while mTOR and p-mTOR decreased in MDA-MB-231/Taxol in comparison with MDA-MB-231, and autophagy activation and drug resistance were enhanced. In MDA-MB-231/Taxol cell line, the role of FMNT was verified to inhibit high miR-199a-3p expression. In addition, the combination therapy of FMNT and Taxol was found to be more effective in inhibiting autophagy and drug resistance. Moreover, mTOR was the target of miR-199a-3p, which was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter (DLR) gene assay. Oral administration of FMNT reduced tumor volume after MDA-MB-231/Taxol injection in vivo. Moreover, oral administration of FMNT and Taxol suppressed autophagy and Taxol resistance by restoring mTOR protein level to that of the parent MDA-MB-231, suggesting that miR-199a-3p can severe as a new target to overcome Taxol resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523000, China
| | - Fengsong Chen
- Nantong Haimen People’s HospitalNantong 226100, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
| | - Runwei Tang
- Breast Surgery Department, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201900, China
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14
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Li H, Cui Z, Lv X, Li J, Gao M, Yang Z, Bi Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Li S, Zhou B, Yin Z. Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR Function as a Competing Endogenous RNA for miR-149-5p to Promote the Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:528520. [PMID: 33102210 PMCID: PMC7545358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.528520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death all around the world. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanism of most lncRNAs in various kinds of cancers remains unclear. LncRNA HOTAIR and HNRNPA1 are reported to play an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer, and the overexpression of HNRNPA1 is shown to promote the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In our study, we find that the overexpression of HOTAIR could promote the proliferation and overexpression of miR-149-5p could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis determines that overexpression of miR-149-5p induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases, whereas overexpression of HOTAIR decreases the proportion of G0/G1phase cells. Also, overexpression of HOTAIR promotes the migration and invasion ability of lung cancer cells, confirmed by the wound-healing and transwell assays, which are suppressed by overexpression of miR-149-5p. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that miR-149-5p could bind both HOTAIR and the 3′UTR of HNRNPA1. In summary, we find that HOTAIR can regulate HNRNPA1 expression through a ceRNA mechanism by sequester miR-149-5p, which post-transcriptionally targets HNRNPA1, thus promoting lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zitai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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15
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Li K, Shen H, Lu M, Chen J, Yin Q, Li P. Formononetin inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by regulating the miR-214-3p/phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4914-4921. [PMID: 35117853 PMCID: PMC8798639 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens have a similar molecular structure to estrogens which can produce either estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects. It is generally believed that phytoestrogens combine with the estrogen receptor of osteosarcoma cells, affecting a variety of signal transduction pathways and cell metabolism, resulting in altered cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and migration ability. Formononetin (FN) is the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine astragalus, angelica, and Pueraria lobate. Our study aims to detect the role of FN on MG-63 cell viability and apoptosis through regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression via MicroRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p). METHODS 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Caspase 3 assay evaluated cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot evaluated the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively. The binding site of miR-214-3p/PTEN was detected via dual luciferase assay. RESULTS FN suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis, and decreased miR-214-3p level and promoted PTEN expression. PTEN was then regarded as a target of miR-214-3p, and FN improved PTEN level via inhibiting miR-214-3p. Further analysis showed that overexpressed miR-214-3p improved cell viability and suppressed apoptosis of MG-63 cells by inhibiting PTEN expression. CONCLUSIONS Finally, our results revealed that FN inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis by regulating miR-214-3p. FN acted as a new treatment for MG-63 cells via increasing PTEN level by inhibiting the miR-214-3p level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- The University of the South: Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Jiarong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshui Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Bose S, Banerjee S, Mondal A, Chakraborty U, Pumarol J, Croley CR, Bishayee A. Targeting the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Using Phytocompounds for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1451. [PMID: 32545187 PMCID: PMC7348822 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent cause of mortality around the world. Aberrated activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway promotes tumorigenesis. Natural agents, including phytochemicals, exhibit potent anticancer activities via various mechanisms. However, the therapeutic potency of phytoconstituents as inhibitors of JAK/STAT signaling against cancer has only come into focus in recent days. The current review highlights phytochemicals that can suppress the JAK/STAT pathway in order to impede cancer cell growth. Various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched using relevant keywords. Once the authors were in agreement regarding the suitability of a study, a full-length form of the relevant article was obtained, and the information was gathered and cited. All the complete articles that were incorporated after the literature collection rejection criteria were applied were perused in-depth and material was extracted based on the importance, relevance, and advancement of the apprehending of the JAK/STAT pathway and their relation to phytochemicals. Based on the critical and comprehensive analysis of literature presented in this review, phytochemicals from diverse plant origins exert therapeutic and cancer preventive effects, at least in part, through regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Nevertheless, more preclinical and clinical research is necessary to completely comprehend the capability of modulating JAK/STAT signaling to achieve efficient cancer control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhadip Bose
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bengal School of Technology, Chuchura 712 102, India;
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Phytochemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India; (S.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur 731 123, India
| | - Utsab Chakraborty
- Department of Phytochemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India; (S.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (J.P.); (C.R.C.)
| | - Courtney R. Croley
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (J.P.); (C.R.C.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (J.P.); (C.R.C.)
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17
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Zhang L, Gong Y, Wang S, Gao F. Anti-Colorectal Cancer Mechanisms of Formononetin Identified by Network Pharmacological Approach. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7709-7714. [PMID: 31608899 PMCID: PMC6812471 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The network pharmacological approach was used to identity the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) targets of formononetin (FN) and the molecular mechanisms of FN against CRC. Material/Methods A tool of the DisGeNET database was used for collection of CRC-based targets. Other tools of SuperPred, herbal ingredients target (HIT), and SwissTargetPrediction databases were applied in prediction of pharmacological targets of FN against cancer. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of FN against CRC was obtained by using a STRING database. All top biological functional processes and signaling pathways of FN against CRC were identified by using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software and Omicshare cloud platform. Results The most key anti-CRC targets of FN were identified as tumor protein p53 (TP53), cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). In further assays, the treatment of CRC by FN was mainly involved in biological functional processes of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription, and positive regulation of RNA metabolic process. anti-CRC by FN of signaling pathways were associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), allograft rejection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, asthma, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and others. Conclusions The anti-CRC molecular mechanisms of FN are implicated in suppression of cellular proliferation and regulation of cancer-related metabolic pathways. Interestingly, 8 optimal biological targets may be used as potential molecular markers for predicting and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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18
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Jiang D, Rasul A, Batool R, Sarfraz I, Hussain G, Mateen Tahir M, Qin T, Selamoglu Z, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Potential Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Formononetin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5854315. [PMID: 31467899 PMCID: PMC6699357 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5854315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature, a vast reservoir of pharmacologically active molecules, has been most promising source of drug leads for the cure of various pathological conditions. Formononetin is one of the bioactive isoflavones isolated from different plants mainly from Trifolium pratense, Glycine max, Sophora flavescens, Pycnanthus angolensis, and Astragalus membranaceus. Formononetin has been well-documented for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Recently anticancer activity of formononetin is widely studied. This review aims to highlight the pharmacological potential of formononetin, thus providing an insight of its status in cancer therapeutics. Formononetin fights progression of cancer via inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, and halting metastasis via targeting various pathways which are generally modulated in several cancers. Although reported data acclaims various biological properties of formononetin, further experimentation on mechanism of its action, medicinal chemistry studies, and preclinical investigations are surely needed to figure out full array of its pharmacological and biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Batool
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mateen Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tian Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Tay KC, Tan LTH, Chan CK, Hong SL, Chan KG, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Formononetin: A Review of Its Anticancer Potentials and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31402861 PMCID: PMC6676344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex yet common disease, is caused by uncontrolled cell division and abnormal cell growth due to a variety of gene mutations. Seeking effective treatments for cancer is a major research focus, as the incidence of cancer is on the rise and drug resistance to existing anti-cancer drugs is major concern. Natural products have the potential to yield unique molecules and combinations of substances that may be effective against cancer with relatively low toxicity/better side effect profile compared to standard anticancer therapy. Drug discovery work with natural products has demonstrated that natural compounds display a wide range of biological activities correlating to anticancer effects. In this review, we discuss formononetin (C16H12O4), which originates mainly from red clovers and the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. The compound comes from a class of 7-hydroisoflavones with a substitution of methoxy group at position 4. Formononetin elicits antitumorigenic properties in vitro and in vivo by modulating numerous signaling pathways to induce cell apoptosis (by intrinsic pathway involving Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins) and cell cycle arrest (by regulating mediators like cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1), suppress cell proliferation [by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway], and inhibit cell invasion [by regulating growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins]. Co-treatment with other chemotherapy drugs such as bortezomib, LY2940002, U0126, sunitinib, epirubicin, doxorubicin, temozolomide, and metformin enhances the anticancer potential of both formononetin and the respective drugs through synergistic effect. Compiling the evidence thus far highlights the potential of formononetin to be a promising candidate for chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ching Tay
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sok Lai Hong
- Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Services, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group (MHTR), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Yang ZH, Dang YQ, Ji G. Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2863-2877. [PMID: 31249445 PMCID: PMC6589733 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation-promoted tumorigenesis have become an important topic in cancer research. Various abnormal epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA regulation, occur during the transformation of chronic inflammation into colorectal cancer (CRC). These changes not only accelerate transformation but also lead to cancer progression and metastasis by activating carcinogenic signaling pathways. The NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways play a particularly important role in the transformation of inflammation into CRC, and both are critical to cellular signal transduction and constantly activated in cancer by various abnormal changes including epigenetics. The NF-κB and STAT3 signals contribute to the microenvironment for tumorigenesis through secretion of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their crosstalk in the nucleus makes it even more difficult to treat CRC. Compared with gene mutation that is irreversible, epigenetic inheritance is reversible or can be altered by the intervention. Therefore, understanding the role of epigenetic inheritance in the inflammation-cancer transformation may elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC and promote the development of innovative drugs targeting transformation to prevent and treat this malignancy. This review summarizes the literature on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of inflammation-induced CRC. Exploring the role of epigenetics in the transformation of inflammation into CRC may help stimulate futures studies on the role of molecular therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Focus on Formononetin: Anticancer Potential and Molecular Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050611. [PMID: 31052435 PMCID: PMC6562434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin, an isoflavone, is extracted from various medicinal plants and herbs, including the red clover (Trifolium pratense) and Chinese medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus. Formononetin's antioxidant and neuroprotective effects underscore its therapeutic use against Alzheimer's disease. Formononetin has been under intense investigation for the past decade as strong evidence on promoting apoptosis and against proliferation suggests for its use as an anticancer agent against diverse cancers. These anticancer properties are observed in multiple cancer cell models, including breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Formononetin also attenuates metastasis and tumor growth in various in vivo studies. The beneficial effects exuded by formononetin can be attributed to its antiproliferative and cell cycle arrest inducing properties. Formononetin regulates various transcription factors and growth-factor-mediated oncogenic pathways, consequently alleviating the possible causes of chronic inflammation that are linked to cancer survival of neoplastic cells and their resistance against chemotherapy. As such, this review summarizes and critically analyzes current evidence on the potential of formononetin for therapy of various malignancies with special emphasis on molecular targets.
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