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Yuan H, Yu Q, Pang J, Chen Y, Sheng M, Tang W. The Value of the Stemness Index in Ovarian Cancer Prognosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060993. [PMID: 35741755 PMCID: PMC9222264 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. It is associated with a difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to analyze tumor stemness to determine the prognosis feature of patients with OC. At this job, we selected the gene expression and the clinical profiles of patients with OC in the TCGA database. We calculated the stemness index of each patient using the one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm and performed correlation analysis with immune infiltration. We used consensus clustering methods to classify OC patients into different stemness subtypes and compared the differences in immune infiltration between them. Finally, we established a prognostic signature by Cox and LASSO regression analysis. We found a significant negative correlation between a high stemness index and immune score. Pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the low- and high-mRNAsi groups were enriched in multiple functions and pathways, such as protein digestion and absorption, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the TGF-β signaling pathway. By consensus cluster analysis, patients with OC were split into two stemness subtypes, with subtype II having a better prognosis and higher immune infiltration. Furthermore, we identified 11 key genes to construct the prognostic signature for patients with OC. Among these genes, the expression levels of nine, including SFRP2, MFAP4, CCDC80, COL16A1, DUSP1, VSTM2L, TGFBI, PXDN, and GAS1, were increased in the high-risk group. The analysis of the KM and ROC curves indicated that this prognostic signature had a great survival prediction ability and could independently predict the prognosis for patients with OC. We established a stemness index-related risk prognostic module for OC, which has prognostic-independent capabilities and is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OC.
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Madan S, Uttekar B, Chowdhary S, Rikhy R. Mitochondria Lead the Way: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Cellular Movements in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781933. [PMID: 35186947 PMCID: PMC8848284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics, distribution and activity of subcellular organelles are integral to regulating cell shape changes during various physiological processes such as epithelial cell formation, cell migration and morphogenesis. Mitochondria are famously known as the powerhouse of the cell and play an important role in buffering calcium, releasing reactive oxygen species and key metabolites for various activities in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondrial dynamics and morphology changes regulate these functions and their regulation is, in turn, crucial for various morphogenetic processes. In this review, we evaluate recent literature which highlights the role of mitochondrial morphology and activity during cell shape changes in epithelial cell formation, cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis during organism development and in disease. In general, we find that mitochondrial shape is regulated for their distribution or translocation to the sites of active cell shape dynamics or morphogenesis. Often, key metabolites released locally and molecules buffered by mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating signaling pathways that motivate changes in cell shape, mitochondrial shape and mitochondrial activity. We conclude that mechanistic analysis of interactions between mitochondrial morphology, activity, signaling pathways and cell shape changes across the various cell and animal-based model systems holds the key to deciphering the common principles for this interaction.
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SFRP2 Improves Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9265016. [PMID: 34790288 PMCID: PMC8592716 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9265016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis are essential for maintaining the bioenergy function of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previous studies have revealed that secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) is beneficial against apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, no research has confirmed whether SFRP2 regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis through mitochondrial function in DCM. Methods Exposure of H9C2 cardiomyocytes in high glucose (HG) 25 mM and palmitic acid (PAL) 0.2 mM was used to simulate DCM in vitro. H9C2 cells with SFRP2 overexpression or SFRP2 knockdown were constructed and cultured under glucolipotoxicity or normal glucose conditions. An SD rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was generated using a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose STZ injection. Overexpression of SFRP2 in the rat model was generated by using an adeno-associated virus approach. CCK-8, TUNEL assay, and DHE staining were used to detect cell viability, and MitoTracker Red CMXRos was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. We used qRT-PCR and western blot to further explore the mechanisms of SFRP2 regulating mitochondrial dynamics through the AMPK/PGC1-α pathway to improve diabetic cardiomyocyte injury. Results Our results indicated that SFRP2 was significantly downregulated in H9C2 cells and cardiac tissues in T2DM conditions, accompanied by decreased expression of mitochondrial dysfunction. The mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced, and the cells were led to oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of SFRP2 could reverse apoptosis and promote mitochondrial function in T2DM conditions in vitro and in vivo. We also found that silencing endogenous SFRP2 could further promote glucolipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by downregulation of p-AMPK. Conclusion SFRP2 exerted cardioprotective effects by salvaging mitochondrial function in an AMPK-PGC1-α-dependent manner, which modulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. SFRP2 may be a promising therapeutic biomarker in DCM.
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Sordillo JE, Cardenas A, Qi C, Rifas-Shiman SL, Coull B, Luttmann-Gibson H, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Hivert MF, DeMeo DL, Baccarelli AA, Xu CJ, Gehring U, Vonk JM, Koppelman G, Oken E, Gold DR. Residential PM 2.5 exposure and the nasal methylome in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106505. [PMID: 33872926 PMCID: PMC8823376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE PM2.5-induced adverse effects on respiratory health may be driven by epigenetic modifications in airway cells. The potential impact of exposure duration on epigenetic alterations in the airways is not yet known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study associations of fine particulate matter PM2.5 exposure with DNA methylation in nasal cells. METHODS We conducted nasal epigenome-wide association analyses within 503 children from Project Viva (mean age 12.9 y), and examined various exposure durations (1-day, 1-week, 1-month, 3-months and 1-year) prior to nasal sampling. We used residential addresses to estimate average daily PM2.5 at 1 km resolution. We collected nasal swabs from the anterior nares and measured DNA methylation (DNAm) using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We tested 719,075 high quality autosomal CpGs using CpG-by-CpG and regional DNAm analyses controlling for multiple comparisons, and adjusted for maternal education, household smokers, child sex, race/ethnicity, BMI z-score, age, season at sample collection and cell-type heterogeneity. We further corrected for bias and genomic inflation. We tested for replication in a cohort from the Netherlands (PIAMA). RESULTS In adjusted analyses, we found 362 CpGs associated with 1-year PM2.5 (FDR < 0.05), 20 CpGs passing Bonferroni correction (P < 7.0x10-8) and 10 Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs). In 445 PIAMA participants (mean age 16.3 years) 11 of 203 available CpGs replicated at P < 0.05. We observed differential DNAm at/near genes implicated in cell cycle, immune and inflammatory responses. There were no CpGs or regions associated with PM2.5 levels at 1-day, 1-week, or 1-month prior to sample collection, although 2 CpGs were associated with past 3-month PM2.5. CONCLUSION We observed wide-spread DNAm variability associated with average past year PM2.5 exposure but we did not detect associations with shorter-term exposure. Our results suggest that nasal DNAm marks reflect chronic air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Sordillo
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cancan Qi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Research Group of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, CiiM, Centre for individualized infection medicine, a joint venture between Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gong W, Martin TA, Sanders AJ, Jiang A, Sun P, Jiang WG. Location, function and role of stromal cell‑derived factors and possible implications in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:435-443. [PMID: 33416125 PMCID: PMC7797432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in therapy and management, cancer represents and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetics serve an important role in tumorigenesis and tumour progression, the tumour microenvironment (TME) in solid tumours is also important and has been indicated to contribute to these processes. Stromal cell‑derived factors (SDFs) represent an important family within the TME. The family includes SDF‑1, SDF‑2, SDF2‑like 1 (SDF2L1), SDF‑3, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5. SDF‑1 has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator in a number of types of tumour, such as oesophago‑gastric, pancreatic, lung, breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer, while the biology and functions of other members of the SDF family, including SDF‑2, SDF2L1, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5, in cancer are different, complex and controversial, and remain mainly unknown. Full identification and understanding of the SDFs across multiple types of cancer is required to elucidate their function and establish potential key targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China,Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence to: Professor Wen G. Jiang, Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK, E-mail:
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Hu Y, Ciminieri C, Hu Q, Lehmann M, Königshoff M, Gosens R. WNT Signalling in Lung Physiology and Pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:305-336. [PMID: 34463851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main physiological function of the lung is gas exchange, mediated at the interface between the alveoli and the pulmonary microcapillary network and facilitated by conducting airway structures that regulate the transport of these gases from and to the alveoli. Exposure to microbial and environmental factors such as allergens, viruses, air pollution, and smoke contributes to the development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Respiratory diseases as a cluster are the commonest cause of chronic disease and of hospitalization in children and are among the three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide. Many of these chronic respiratory diseases are associated with inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways and/or alveolar tissues. They can often only be treated symptomatically with no disease-modifying therapies that normalize the pathological tissue destruction driven by inflammation and remodelling. In search for novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases, several lines of evidence revealed the WNT pathway as an emerging target for regenerative strategies in the lung. WNT proteins, their receptors, and signalling effectors have central regulatory roles under (patho)physiological conditions underpinning lung function and (chronic) lung diseases and we summarize these roles and discuss how pharmacological targeting of the WNT pathway may be utilized for the treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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van Loon K, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: a key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:191-203. [PMID: 33140138 PMCID: PMC7897195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are glycoproteins containing a so-called frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain. This domain enables them to bind to Wnt ligands or frizzled (FzD) receptors, making potent regulators of Wnt signaling. As Wnt signaling is often altered in cancer, it is not surprising that Wnt regulators such as SFRP proteins are often differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment, both in a metastatic and non-metastatic setting. Indeed, SFRP2 is shown to be specifically upregulated in the tumor vasculature of several types of cancer. Several studies investigated the functional role of SFRP2 in the tumor vasculature, showing that SFRP2 binds to FzD receptors on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. This activates downstream Wnt signaling and which is, thereby, stimulating angiogenesis. Interestingly, not the well-known canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway seems to be a key player in this event. In tumor models, the pro-angiogenic effect of SFRP2 could be counteracted by antibodies targeting SFRP2, without the occurrence of toxicity. Since tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, specific tumor endothelial markers such as SFRP2 show great promise as targets for anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the role of SFRP2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis, and highlights its potential as anti-angiogenic therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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