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Watanabe T. Gene targeted and immune therapies for nodal and gastrointestinal follicular lymphomas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6179-6197. [PMID: 38186866 PMCID: PMC10768399 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i48.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma (BCL) globally. Recently, its incidence has increased in Europe, the United States, and Asia, with the number of gastrointestinal FL cases expected to increase. Genetic abnormalities related to t(14;18) translocation, BCL2 overexpression, NF-κB pathway-related factors, histone acetylases, and histone methyltransferases cause FL and enhance its proliferation. Meanwhile, microRNAs are commonly used in diagnosing FL and predicting patient prognosis. Many clinical trials on novel therapeutics targeting these genetic abnormalities and immunomodulatory mechanisms have been conducted, resulting in a marked improvement in therapeutic outcomes for FL. Although developing these innovative therapeutic agents targeting specific genetic mutations and immune pathways has provided hope for curative options, FL treatment has become more complex, requiring combinatorial therapeutic regimens. However, optimal treatment combinations have not yet been achieved, highlighting the importance of a complete under-standing regarding the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal FL. Accordingly, this article reviews key research on the molecular pathogenesis of nodal FL and novel therapies targeting the causative genetic mutations. Moreover, the results of clinical trials are summarized, with a particular focus on treating nodal and gastrointestinal FLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Watanabe Internal Medicine Aoyama Clinic, Niigata 9502002, Japan
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2
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Sen A, Enriquez J, Rao M, Glass M, Balachandran Y, Syed S, Twist CJ, Weinberg K, Boyd SD, Bernstein D, Trickey AW, Gratzinger D, Tan B, Lapasaran MG, Robien MA, Brown M, Armstrong B, Desai D, Mazariegos G, Chin C, Fishbein TM, Venick RS, Tekin A, Zimmermann H, Trappe RU, Anagnostopoulos I, Esquivel CO, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Host microRNAs are decreased in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients during EBV+ Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994552. [PMID: 36304469 PMCID: PMC9595046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation. Predisposing factors include primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, reactivation of EBV in recipient B cells, and decreased T cell immunity due to immunosuppression. In our previous studies EBV infection was demonstrated to markedly alter the expression of host B cell microRNA (miR). Specifically, miR-194 expression was uniquely suppressed in EBV+ B cell lines from PTLD patients and the 3’untranslated region of IL-10 was determined to be targeted by miR-194. Although EBV has been shown to regulate host miR expression in B cell lymphoma cell lines, the expression of miRs in the circulation of patients with EBV-associated PTLD has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in miR expression are associated with EBV+ PTLD. In this study, we have shown that miR-194 is significantly decreased in EBV+PTLD tumors and that additional miRs, including miRs-17, 19 and 106a are also reduced in EBV+PTLD as compared to EBV-PTLD. We quantitated the levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, 155, and 194 in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV; 50-70 nm as determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis) from pediatric recipients of solid organ transplants with EBV+ PTLD+ that were matched 1:2 with EBV+ PTLD- pediatric transplant recipients as part of the NIH-sponsored Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation in Children, (CTOTC-06) study. Levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, and 194 were reduced in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV) of EBV+ PTLD+ group compared to matched controls, with miRs-17 (p = 0.034; plasma), miRs-19 (p = 0.029; EV) and miR-106a (p = 0.007; plasma and EV) being significantly reduced. Similar levels of miR-155 were detected in the plasma and EV of all pediatric SOT recipients. Importantly, ~90% of the cell-free miR were contained within the EV supporting that EBV+ PTLD tumor miR are detected in the circulation and suggesting that EVs, containing miRs, may have the potential to target and regulate cells of the immune system. Further development of diagnostic, mechanistic and potential therapeutic uses of the miRs in PTLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayantika Sen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanna Enriquez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahil Rao
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marla Glass
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yarl Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Clare J. Twist
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amber W. Trickey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brent Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mary Gay Lapasaran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Robien
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merideth Brown
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Brian Armstrong
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Rho, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dev Desai
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George Mazariegos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clifford Chin
- Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert S. Venick
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akin Tekin
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Heiner Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf U. Trappe
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sheri M. Krams
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sheri M. Krams,
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. The emerging role non-coding RNAs in B cell-related disorders. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35193592 PMCID: PMC8862212 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs have recently attained much attention regarding their role in the development of B cell lineage as well as participation in the lymphomagenesis. These transcripts have a highly cell type specific signature which endows them the potential to be used as biomarkers for clinical situations. Aberrant expression of several non-coding RNAs has been linked with B cell malignancies and immune related disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, asthma and graft-versus-host disease. Moreover, these transcripts can alter response of immune system to infectious conditions. miR-7, miR-16-1, miR-15a, miR-150, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-212 and miR-132 are among microRNAs whose role in the development of B cell-associated disorders has been investigated. Similarly, SNHG14, MALAT1, CRNDE, AL133346.1, NEAT1, SMAD5-AS1, OR3A4 and some other long non-coding RNAs participate in this process. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Prochownik EV, Wang H. Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:747. [PMID: 35203395 PMCID: PMC8870482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
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Elliott EK, Hopkins LN, Hensen R, Sutherland HG, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Epigenetic Regulation of miR-92a and TET2 and Their Association in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:768913. [PMID: 34899857 PMCID: PMC8661906 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for their ability to regulate the expression of specific target genes through degradation or inhibition of translation of the target mRNA. In various cancers, miRNAs regulate gene expression by altering the epigenetic status of candidate genes that are implicated in various difficult to treat haematological malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma by acting as either oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. Cellular and circulating miRNA biomarkers could also be directly utilised as disease markers for diagnosis and monitoring of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, the role of DNA methylation in miRNA expression regulation in NHL requires further scientific inquiry. In this study, we investigated the methylation levels of CpGs in CpG islands spanning the promoter regions of the miR-17–92 cluster host gene and the TET2 gene and correlated them with the expression levels of TET2 mRNA and miR-92a-3p and miR-92a-5p mature miRNAs in NHL cell lines, tumour samples, and the whole blood gDNA of an NHL case control cohort. Increased expression of both miR-92a-3p and miR-92a-5p and aberrant expression of TET2 was observed in NHL cell lines and tumour tissues, as well as disparate levels of dysfunctional promoter CGI methylation. Both miR-92a and TET2 may play a concerted role in NHL malignancy and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Elliott
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Icon Cancer Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lloyd N Hopkins
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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6
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Khalifa MM, Zaki NE, Nazier AA, Moussa MA, Haleem RA, Rabie MA, Mansour AR. Prognostic significance of microRNA 17-92 cluster expression in Egyptian chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:37. [PMID: 34866170 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression patterns of microRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the development and progression of malignancy. Identification of the clinical significance and prognostic value of these small molecules in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); a disease of heterogeneous biological landscape and clinical course, has always been of tremendous translational value. AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of microRNA17-92 cluster members in Egyptian CLL patients. METHODS The expression levels of miR17-92 cluster members were evaluated by qRT-PCR, including miR17, miR18a, miR19a, miR19b-1, miR20a, and miR92a-1. Other investigations included serum LDH, serum β2 microglobulin (β2M), CD38 and ZAP70 expression by flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for 17p deletion, and imaging studies (computerized tomography (CT) scans of neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis or PET-CT scans). RESULTS Overexpression of all members of the miRNA17-92 cluster was detected in CLL patients compared to controls (p = < 0.001 for all miRs while p = 0.01 for miR19b-1). A significant positive correlation between Hb and miR17 and a significant negative correlation between Hb and miR19b-1 were observed (p = 0.041, 0.017 respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation between miR19b-1 expression and each of the WBCs and absolute lymphocytic count (ALC) was detected (p = 0.023, 0.022 respectively). Moreover, a statistically significant relation between miR19b-1 expression and advanced Binet stages was also found (p = 0.05). Regarding miR18a, a statistically significant positive correlation with LDH level was found (p = 0.003). We also found a significant positive correlation between miR92a-1 and β2M level (p = 0.005), as well as a significant relation between miR17 and negative CD38 expression (p = 0.034). However, no significant relationships between any of studied miRNA expression levels and 17p deletion or response to treatment were observed. Patients who expressed miR19b-1 were significantly indicated to start therapy at diagnosis (p = 0.05). The overall survival of CLL patients included in our study was 90.2% after 1 year from the time of diagnosis. Patients with high expression of miR19a had better OS than those with low expression (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of all members of the miR17-92 cluster was detected in Egyptian CLL patients. MiR18a, miR19b-1, and miR92a-1 also have an adverse prognostic value while miR17 can be considered a good prognostic marker. High expression of miR19a is associated with better OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - N E Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A A Nazier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M A Moussa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R Abdel Haleem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M A Rabie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A R Mansour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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The Multifaceted Role and Utility of MicroRNAs in Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040333. [PMID: 33806113 PMCID: PMC8064455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal B-cell development is a tightly regulated complex procedure, the deregulation of which can lead to lymphomagenesis. One common group of blood cancers is the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), which can be categorized according to the proliferation and spread rate of cancer cells into indolent and aggressive ones. The most frequent indolent B-cell NHLs are follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can greatly influence protein expression. Based on the multiple interactions among miRNAs and their targets, complex networks of gene expression regulation emerge, which normally are essential for proper B-cell development. Multiple miRNAs have been associated with B-cell lymphomas, as the deregulation of these complex networks can lead to such pathological states. The aim of the present review is to summarize the existing information regarding the multifaceted role of miRNAs in indolent B-cell NHLs, affecting the main B-cell subpopulations. We attempt to provide insight into their biological function, the complex miRNA-mRNA interactions, and their biomarker utility in these malignancies. Lastly, we address the limitations that hinder the investigation of the role of miRNAs in these lymphomas and discuss ways that these problems could be overcome in the future.
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