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Song C, Jung D, Kendi AT, Rho JK, Kim EJ, Horn I, Curran GL, Ghattamaneni S, Shim JY, Kang PS, Kang D, Thakkar JB, Dewan S, Lowe VJ, Lee SB. Metformin Prevents Tumor Cell Growth and Invasion of Human Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer (HR+ BC) Cells via FOXA1 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7494. [PMID: 39000600 PMCID: PMC11242876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer and have worse survival than non-diabetic women if they do develop breast cancer. However, more research is needed to elucidate the biological underpinnings of these relationships. Here, we found that forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), a forkhead family transcription factor, and metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a medication used to treat T2D, may impact hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) tumor cell growth and metastasis. Indeed, fourteen diabetes-associated genes are highly expressed in only three HR+ breast cancer cell lines but not the other subtypes utilizing a 53,805 gene database obtained from NCBI GEO. Among the diabetes-related genes, FOXA1, MTA3, PAK4, FGFR3, and KIF22 were highly expressed in HR+ breast cancer from 4032 breast cancer patient tissue samples using the Breast Cancer Gene Expression Omnibus. Notably, elevated FOXA1 expression correlated with poorer overall survival in patients with estrogen-receptor-positive/progesterone-receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) breast cancer. Furthermore, experiments demonstrated that loss of the FOXA1 gene inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion in vitro using MCF-7 and T47D HR+ breast cancer cell lines. Metformin, an anti-diabetic medication, significantly suppressed tumor cell growth in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, either metformin treatment or FOXA1 gene deletion enhanced tamoxifen-induced tumor growth inhibition in HR+ breast cancer cell lines within an ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) organoid model. Therefore, the diabetes-related medicine metformin and FOXA1 gene inhibition might be a new treatment for patients with HR+ breast cancer when combined with tamoxifen, an endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Song
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dawa Jung
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Ayse Tuba Kendi
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ian Horn
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Geoffry L. Curran
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Sujala Ghattamaneni
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Ji Yeon Shim
- College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Pil Soo Kang
- U&Hang Clinic, Asan 31514, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daehun Kang
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Jay B. Thakkar
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Sannidhi Dewan
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Seung Baek Lee
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.S.); (D.J.); (A.T.K.); (I.H.); (G.L.C.); (S.G.); (D.K.); (J.B.T.); (S.D.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Syed MA, Bhat B, Wali A, Saleem A, Ahmad Dar L, Gugjoo MB, Bhat S, Saleem Bhat S. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in mammary gland tissue fibrosis and insights into drug therapeutics. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15207. [PMID: 37187521 PMCID: PMC10178283 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multi-step morphogenetic process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties and gain mesenchymal characteristics. The process of EMT has been shown to mediate mammary gland fibrosis. Understanding how mesenchymal cells emerge from an epithelial default state will aid in unravelling the mechanisms that control fibrosis and, ultimately, in identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate fibrosis. Methods The effects of EGF and high glucose (HG) on EMT in mammary epithelial cells, MCF10A and GMECs, as well as their pathogenic role, were studied. In-silico analysis was used to find interacting partners and protein-chemical/drug molecule interactions. Results On treatment with EGF and/or HG, qPCR analysis showed a significant increase in the gene expression of EMT markers and downstream signalling genes. The expression of these genes was reduced on treatment with EGF+HG combination in both cell lines. The protein expression of COL1A1 increased as compared to the control in cells treated with EGF or HG alone, but when the cells were treated with EGF and HG together, the protein expression of COL1A1 decreased. ROS levels and cell death increased in cells treated with EGF and HG alone, whereas cells treated with EGF and HG together showed a decrease in ROS production and apoptosis. In-silico analysis of protein-protein interactions suggest the possible role of MAPK1, actin alpha 2 (ACTA2), COL1A1, and NFκB1 in regulating TGFβ1, ubiquitin C (UBC), specificity protein 1 (SP1) and E1A binding protein P300 (EP300). Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment suggests advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signalling pathway, relaxin signalling pathway and extra cellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions underlying fibrosis mechanism. Conclusion This study demonstrates that EGF and HG induce EMT in mammary epithelial cells and may also have a role in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ahmad Syed
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
| | - Abiza Wali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
| | - Lateef Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shakil Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
| | - Sahar Saleem Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, India
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Zeng ZL, Zhu Q, Zhao Z, Zu X, Liu J. Magic and mystery of microRNA-32. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8588-8601. [PMID: 34405957 PMCID: PMC8435424 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, small (∼22 nts in length) noncoding RNA molecules that function specifically by base pairing with the mRNA of genes and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Alterations in miR-32 expression have been found in numerous diseases and shown to play a vital role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. MiR-32 has been documented as an oncomiR in the majority of related studies but has been also verified as a tumour suppressor miRNA in conflicting reports. Moreover, it has a crucial role in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review provides an in-depth look into the most recent finding regarding miR-32, which is involved in the expression, regulation and functions in different diseases, especially tumours. Additionally, this review outlines novel findings suggesting that miR-32 may be useful as a noninvasive biomarker and as a targeted therapeutic in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Khanam A, Saleeb PG, Kottilil S. Pathophysiology and Treatment Options for Hepatic Fibrosis: Can It Be Completely Cured? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051097. [PMID: 34064375 PMCID: PMC8147843 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic process that occurs as a wound healing response against liver injury. During fibrosis, crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, activation of different immune cells and signaling pathways, as well as a release of several inflammatory mediators take place, resulting in inflammation. Excessive inflammation drives hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which then encounters various morphological and functional changes before transforming into proliferative and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts. Finally, enormous ECM accumulation interferes with hepatic function and leads to liver failure. To overcome this condition, several therapeutic approaches have been developed to inhibit inflammatory responses, HSC proliferation and activation. Preclinical studies also suggest several targets for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies; however, very few advanced to clinical trials. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis is extremely complex and requires comprehensive understanding to identify effective therapeutic targets; therefore, in this review, we focus on the various cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis and discuss potential strategies to control or reverse the fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Paul G. Saleeb
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-4872
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GDF11 inhibits cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and exerts cardioprotection in acute myocardial infarction mice by upregulation of transcription factor HOXA3. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:917. [PMID: 33100331 PMCID: PMC7585938 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome-mediated cardiomyocytes pyroptosis plays a crucial part in progression of acute myocardial infarction (MI). GDF11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11) has been reported to generate cytoprotective effects in phylogenesis and multiple diseases, but the mechanism that GDF11 contributes to cardioprotection of MI and cardiomyocytes pyroptosis remains poorly understood. In our study, we first determined that GDF11 was abnormally downregulated in the heart tissue of MI mice and hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, AAV9-GDF11 markedly alleviated heart function in MI mice. Meanwhile, GDF11 overexpression also decreased the pyroptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes. PROMO and JASPAR prediction software found that transcription factor HOXA3 was predicted as an important regulator of NLRP3, and was confirmed by ChIP assay. Further analysis identifying GDF11 promoted the Smad2/3 pathway resulted in HOXA3 overexpression. Taken together, our study implies that GDF11 prevents cardiomyocytes pyroptosis via HOXA3/NLRP3 signaling pathway in MI mice.
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