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Chen J, Ye W. Molecular mechanisms underlying Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction treating hyperpigmentation based on network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization analysis, and experimental verification. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:296-313. [PMID: 38555860 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2330609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition marked by excessive melanin production, currently has limited effective treatment options. OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) on hyperpigmentation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization, and molecular docking to identify THSWD's hub targets and mechanisms against hyperpigmentation. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay determined suitable THSWD treatment concentrations for PIG1 cells. These cells were exposed to graded concentrations of THSWD-containing serum (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) and treated with α-MSH (100 nM) to induce an in vitro hyperpigmentation model. Assessments included melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and Western blotting. RESULTS ALB, IL6, and MAPK3 emerged as primary targets, while quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were the core active ingredients. The CCK-8 assay indicated that concentrations between 2.5% and 20% were suitable for PIG1 cells, with a 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of 32.14%. THSWD treatment significantly reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-induced PIG1 cells, along with downregulating MC1R and MITF expression. THSWD increased ALB and p-MAPK3/MAPK3 levels and decreased IL6 expression in the model cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION THSWD mitigates hyperpigmentation by targeting ALB, IL6, and MAPK3. This study paves the way for clinical applications of THSWD as a novel treatment for hyperpigmentation and offers new targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Cui L, Ma C, Shi W, Yang C, Wu J, Wu Z, Lou Y, Fan G. A Systematic Study of Yiqi Qubai Standard Decoction for Treating Vitiligo Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Combined with Chemometrics, Molecular Docking, and Cellular and Zebrafish Assays. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1716. [PMID: 38139842 PMCID: PMC10747336 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yiqi Qubai (YQ) formula is a hospital preparation for treating vitiligo in China that has had reliable efficacy for decades. The formula consists of four herbs; however, the extraction process to produce the formula is obsolete and the active ingredients and mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, in this paper, fingerprints were combined with the chemometrics method to screen high-quality herbs for the preparation of the YQ standard decoction (YQD). Then, the YQD preparation procedure was optimized using response surface methodology. A total of 44 chemical constituents, as well as 36 absorption components (in rat plasma) of YQD, were identified via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on the ingredients, the quality control system of YQD was optimized by establishing the SPE-UPLC-Q-TOF/MS identification method and the HPLC quantification method. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking showed that carasinaurone, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside, genkwanin, akebia saponin D, formononetin, akebia saponin B, and apigenin may be the key active components for treating vitiligo; the core targets associated with them were AKT1, MAPK1, and mTOR, whereas the related pathways were the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and FoxO signaling pathways. Cellular assays showed that YQD could promote melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity, as well as the transcription and expression of tyrosinase-associated proteins (i.e., TRP-1) in B16F10 cells. In addition, YQD also increased extracellular tyrosinase activity. Further efficacy validation showed that YQD significantly promotes melanin production in zebrafish. These may be the mechanisms by which YQD improves the symptoms of vitiligo. This is the first systematic study of the YQ formula that has optimized the standard decoction preparation method and investigated the active ingredients, quality control, efficacy, and mechanisms of YQD. The results of this study lay the foundations for the clinical application and further development of the YQ formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cui
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China (C.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China (C.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China (C.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China (C.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Guorong Fan
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China (C.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Li R, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li D, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Li Z. Effects of SLC45A2 and GPNMB on Melanin Deposition Based on Transcriptome Sequencing in Chicken Feather Follicles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2608. [PMID: 37627399 PMCID: PMC10451703 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential genetic and economic trait, chicken feather color has long been an important research topic. To further understand the mechanism of melanin deposition associated with coloration in chicken feathers, we selected feather follicle tissues from the neck and wings of chickens with differently colored feathers (yellow, sub-Columbian, and silver) for transcriptome analysis. We focused on genes that were expressed in both the wings and neck and were expressed with the same trends in breeds with two different plumage colors, specifically, SLC45A2, GPNMB, MLPH, TYR, KIT, WNT11, and FZD1. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed the DEGs were enriched in melanin-related pathways, such as tyrosine metabolic pathway and melanogenesis, and PPI analysis highlighted the genes SLC45A2 and GPNMB as associated with melanin deposition. Verification experiments in chicken melanocytes demonstrated that these two genes promote melanocyte melanin deposition. These data enrich our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate chicken feather color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Zhao Y, Yu S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Wang J, Liu M, Wang S. Pueraria protein extract inhibits melanogenesis and promotes melanoma cell apoptosis through the regulation of MITF and mitochondrial‑related pathways. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:64. [PMID: 36734267 PMCID: PMC9926868 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water‑soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti‑melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‑related protein (TRP)‑1 and TRP‑2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria‑related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF‑related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria‑related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Meichen Liu or Mr. Siming Wang, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Meichen Liu or Mr. Siming Wang, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Exploring the Mechanism of Realgar against Esophageal Cancer Based on Ferroptosis Induced by ROS-ASK1-p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3698772. [PMID: 36133791 PMCID: PMC9484897 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Realgar (REA), a Chinese herbal decoction, has been used to treat various tumors and has produced positive outcomes; however, there is a lack of convincing evidence for the treatment of esophageal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of REA on esophageal cancer (EC) and explore its mechanism. Methods. EC cells Eca109 and KYSE150 were selected for this study, and different groups of treated cells were set up. We studied the inhibition rate and half inhibition concentration (IC50) by CCK-8 method, the clone formation assay was used to detect the clone formation ability, the scratch assay is used to determine the cell migration ability, the Transwell assay was used to detect the cell invasion ability, the protein expressions of E-cadherin, Slug, N-cadherin, ASK1, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, and GPX4 were determined using Western blot, the mRNA expressions of ASK1 and p38 MAPK were assessed using qRT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the cellular ultrastructure, Prussian blue staining was used to observe the intracellular iron particle distribution, and biochemical analysis of cellular MDA, SOD, GSH, and GPXS activities, flow cytometric analysis of cellular ROS levels, immunofluorescence staining to detect cellular GPX4 expression, and JC-1 method to detect mitochondrial membrane potential were used. Results. REA inhibited the proliferation of Eca109 and KYSE150 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and REA significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of Eca109 and KYSE150 cells and activated the cellular ferroptosis and ROS-ASK1-p38 MAPK signaling pathways (
). Inhibition of activation of the ROS-ASK1-p38 MAPK signaling pathway promoted the inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion of Eca109 and KYSE150 cells and the induction of ferroptosis by REA. Conclusion. REA induced ferroptosis and inhibited the migration of EC cells by activating the ROS-ASK1-p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Fu T, Qin X, Ma Y, Yuan XY, Wu S, Ye X, Dang Y. Yohimbine hydrochloride inhibits skin melanin synthesis by regulating wnt/β-catenin and p38/MAPK signal pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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