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Liu L, Huang B, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Shi Y. Interactions between electromagnetic radiation and biological systems. iScience 2024; 27:109201. [PMID: 38433903 PMCID: PMC10906530 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though the bioeffects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) have been extensively investigated during the past several decades, our understandings of the bioeffects of EMR and the mechanisms of the interactions between the biological systems and the EMRs are still far from satisfactory. In this article, we introduce and summarize the consensus, controversy, limitations, and unsolved issues. The published works have investigated the EMR effects on different biological systems including humans, animals, cells, and biochemical reactions. Alternative methodologies also include dielectric spectroscopy, detection of bioelectromagnetic emissions, and theoretical predictions. In many studies, the thermal effects of the EMR are not properly controlled or considered. The frequency of the EMR investigated is limited to the commonly used bands, particularly the frequencies of the power line and the wireless communications; far fewer studies were performed for other EMR frequencies. In addition, the bioeffects of the complex EM environment were rarely discussed. In summary, our understanding of the bioeffects of the EMR is quite restrictive and further investigations are needed to answer the unsolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin-Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yingxian Lu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaping Tang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Qin T, Liu L, Wang X, Guo L, Lin J, Du J, Xue Y, Lai P, Jing Y, Ding G. Combined effects of EMP and RF field on emotional behavior in mice. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1087161. [PMID: 37006533 PMCID: PMC10061096 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1087161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecently, concerns about the combined effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) in daily living and occupational environment are rapidly growing.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the combined effects of 1-week exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) at 650 kV/m for 1,000 pulses and 4.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) at 50 W/m2 for 1 h/d in male mice. Open field test, tail suspension test and Y-maze were applied to evaluate anxiety, depression-like behaviors and spatial memory ability, respectively.ResultsIt was found that compared with Sham group, combined exposure to EMP and RF induced anxiety-like behavior, increased the level of serum S100B and decreased the level of serum 5-HT. The results of quantitative proteomic and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins in hippocampus were enriched in Glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse after combined exposure group, which were verified by western blot. In addition, an obvious histological alteration and autophagy-associated cell death were observed in amygdala instead of hippocampus after combined exposure to EMP and 4.9 GHz RF.ConclusionCombined exposure to EMP and 4.9 GHz RF could induce emotional behavior alteration, which might be associated with Glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse system of hippocampus and autophagy in amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Qin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Junze Du
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhe Xue
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Lai
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuntao Jing
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guirong Ding
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Lai Y, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Xu X, Zou Y, Zhao H, Yue H, Song Y, Wang H, Peng R. Lipid Peroxides Mediated Ferroptosis in Electromagnetic Pulse-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Damage via Inhibition of GSH/GPX4 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169277. [PMID: 36012537 PMCID: PMC9409492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation was reported to be harmful to hippocampal neurons. However, the mechanism underlying EMP-induced neuronal damage remains unclear. In this paper, for the first time, we attempted to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in EMP-induced neuronal damage and its underlying mechanism. In vivo studies were conducted with a rat model to examine the association of ferroptosis and EMP-induced hippocampal neuronal damage. Moreover, in vitro studies were conducted with HT22 neurons to investigate the underlying mechanism of EMP-induced neuronal ferroptosis. In vivo results showed that EMP could induce learning and memory impairment of rats, ferroptotic morphological damages to mitochondria, accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) and iron, overexpression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, and downregulation of GPX4 protein in rat hippocampus. In vitro results showed that EMP could induce neuronal death, MDA accumulation, iron overload, PTGS2 overexpression, and GPX4 downregulation in HT22 neurons. These adverse effects could be reversed by either lipid peroxides scavenger ferrostatin-1 or overexpression of GPX4. These results suggest that EMP radiation can induce ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons via a vicious cycle of lipid peroxides accumulation and GSH/GPX4 axis downregulation. Lipid peroxides and the GSH/GPX4 axis provide potential effective intervention targets to EMP-induced hippocampal neuronal damage.
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Hao Y, Liu W, Xu Z, Jin X, Ye Y, Yu C, Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. High-Power Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure of Healthy Mice: Assessment of Effects on Mice Cognitions, Neuronal Activities, and Hippocampal Structures. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:898164. [PMID: 35966202 PMCID: PMC9374008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.898164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a high-energy pulse with an extremely rapid rise time and a broad bandwidth. The brain is a target organ sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the biological effects and related mechanisms of EMPs on the brain remain unclear. The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of EMP exposure on mouse cognitions, and the neuronal calcium activities in vivo under different cases of real-time exposure and post exposure. EMP-treated animal model was established by exposing male adult C57BL/6N mice to 300 kV/m EMPs. First, the effects of EMPs on the cognitions, including the spatial learning and memory, avoidance learning and memory, novelty-seeking behavior, and anxiety, were assessed by multiple behavioral experiments. Then, the changes in the neuronal activities of the hippocampal CA1 area in vivo were detected by fiber photometry in both cases of during real-time EMP radiation and post-exposure. Finally, the structures of neurons in hippocampi were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. We found that EMPs under this condition caused a decline in the spatial learning and memory ability in mice, but no effects on the avoidance learning and memory, novelty-seeking behavior, and anxiety. The neuron activities of hippocampal CA1 were disturbed by EMP exposure, which were inhibited during EMP exposure, but activated immediately after exposure end. Additionally, the CA1 neuron activities, when mice entered the central area in an Open field (OF) test or explored the novelty in a Novel object exploration (NOE) test, were inhibited on day 1 and day 7 after radiation. Besides, damaged structures in hippocampal neurons were observed after EMP radiation. In conclusion, EMP radiation impaired the spatial learning and memory ability and disturbed the neuronal activities in hippocampal CA1 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Hu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Li ; Hongyan Zuo
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Li ; Hongyan Zuo
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Gao Y, Wang R, Zhao L, Liu A. Natural polymeric nanocarriers in malignant glioma drug delivery and targeting. J Drug Target 2021; 29:960-973. [PMID: 33745392 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1904250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among all central nervous diseases, malignant glioma is a crucial part that deserves more attention since high fatality and disability rate. There are several therapeutic strategies applied to the treatment of malignant glioma, especially certain chemotherapy-related treatments. However, the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seriously hinders the strategy's progress, so how to escape from the barriers is a fascinating question. Herein, we comprehensively discussed the details of malignant glioma and the BBB's functional morphology and summarized several routes bypassing the BBB. Additionally, since possessing excellent properties for drug delivery, we provided an insight into various promising natural polymeric materials and highlighted their applications in the treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Anchang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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WANG KAI, ZHANG FENGTIAN, WEN CHANGLONG, HUANG ZHIHUA, HU ZHIHAO, ZHANG YUWEN, HU FUQIANG, WEN LIJUAN. Regulation of pathological blood-brain barrier for intracranial enhanced drug delivery and anti-glioblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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