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Su Y, Bai Q, Zhang W, Xu B, Hu T. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Modulating the Immune Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2025; 15:454. [PMID: 40149989 PMCID: PMC11939868 DOI: 10.3390/biom15030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of breast cancer that faces therapeutic challenges due to a shortage of effective targeted therapies. The complex biology of TNBC renders its clinical management fraught with difficulties, especially regarding the immune microenvironment of the tumor. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as important gene regulators with key roles in tumor development and microenvironmental regulation. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in the immune microenvironment of TNBC, including the regulation of tumor immune escape and the function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. However, despite the increasing research on lncRNAs, there are still many unanswered questions, such as their specific mechanism of action and how to effectively utilize them as therapeutic targets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the mechanisms of lncRNAs in the TNBC immune microenvironment, explore their regulatory roles in tumor immune escape and immune cell infiltration, and explore their prospects as potential therapeutic targets. By integrating the latest research results, this study aims to provide new ideas and directions for future TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Su
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qingquan Bai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Beibei Xu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Chen L, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhang G, Kong S, Gao J, Zhang X, Ding B. Drug Delivery Systems Based on Dendritic-Cell-Derived Exosomes. Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:326. [PMID: 40142991 PMCID: PMC11946698 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, spherical lipid-bilayered particles secreted by cells, have recently emerged as a novel and highly promising drug delivery system, attracting extensive attention in the field of biomedical research. Dendritic-cell-derived exosomes (DC-Exos) possess surface protein and ligands characteristic of DC cells, such as functional MHC-I and MHC-II, CD80, CD86. These components play a crucial role in immune responses, facilitating antigen uptake, presentation, and the activation of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. These properties make them striking and excellent drug delivery vehicles for use in various immune diseases and cancer therapy. This review summarizes and discusses the characteristics, current methods and types of drug loading of DC-Exos. Its surface modifications and application in disease treatment were also discussed, aiming to motivate the development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms and nanotechnology for improved healthcare treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.C.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.C.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Shuaizhi Kong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.C.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, No. 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.G.)
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Kang C, He H, Liu P, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Ran H, Zeng X, Zhao H, Liu J, Qiu S. Role of dendritic cell‑derived exosomes in allergic rhinitis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:117. [PMID: 37888754 PMCID: PMC10635688 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common pathological condition in otorhinolaryngology. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide and is becoming a major burden to the world population. Dendritic cells (DCs) are typically activated and matured after capturing, phagocytosing, and processing allergens during the immunopathogenesis of AR. In addition, the process of DC activation and maturation is accompanied by the production of exosomes, which are cell‑derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cargoes involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. In particular, DC‑derived exosomes (Dex) can participate in allergic immune responses, where the biological substances carried by them can have potentially important implications for both the pathogenesis and treatment of AR. Dex can also be exploited to carry anti‑allergy agents to effectively treat AR. This provides a novel method to explore the pathogenesis of and treatment strategies for AR further. Therefore, the present review focuses on the origin, composition, function, and biological characteristics of DCs, exosomes, and Dex, in addition to the possible relationship between Dex and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Kang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ran
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jiangqi Liu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Qiu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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Xie D, Qian B, Li X. Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes from various sources: Potential role in liver diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:957036. [PMID: 36213232 PMCID: PMC9538374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.957036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular membrane-encapsulated vesicles that are released into the extracellular space or biological fluids by many cell types through exocytosis. As a newly identified form of intercellular signal communication, exosomes mediate various pathological and physiological processes by exchanging various active substances between cells. The incidence and mortality of liver diseases is increasing worldwide. Therefore, we reviewed recent studies evaluating the role of exosomes from various sources in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Qian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Li,
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