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Yang M, Jiang D, Lai W, Chen K, Zhang L, Lu L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Khan MS, Jiang J. Hydrolysable tannin improves growth performance and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high soybean meal diets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133773. [PMID: 38992554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This study provided evidence that the inclusion of hydrolysable tannin (HT) in high soybean meal (SBM) diets improved growth performance and glycolipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In vivo, various levels of HT were added to high SBM diets and fed to largemouth bass (initial weight: 6.00 ± 0.03 g) for 56 days. Results showed that a high level of SBM led to the reduction in growth performance, as evidenced by decreased weight gain rate and impaired hepatic function. Dietary supplementation with HT (1.0 g/kg) improved growth performance of largemouth bass, accompanied by the enhancements in hepatic antioxidant capacity and glycolipid metabolism. In vitro, HT facilitated glucose utilization in hepatocytes and positively influenced the modulation of crucial genes within the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conversely, administration of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) reversed the detrimental effects observed in hepatocytes exposed to high glucose levels. Overall, incorporating HT (1.0 g/kg) into the diet enhanced liver health and improved the absorption and utilization of SBM in largemouth bass, potentially achieved through modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dahai Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weibin Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Liming Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Wufeng Chicheng Biotech Co., Ltd, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China
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Darbinian N, Hampe M, Martirosyan D, Bajwa A, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Tatevosian G, Goetzl L, Amini S, Selzer ME. Fetal Brain-Derived Exosomal miRNAs from Maternal Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5826. [PMID: 38892014 PMCID: PMC11172088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability but cannot be diagnosed early in utero. Because several microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in other neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, the effects of EtOH exposure on the expression of these miRNAs and their target genes and pathways were assessed. In women who drank alcohol (EtOH) during pregnancy and non-drinking controls, matched individually for fetal sex and gestational age, the levels of miRNAs in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) isolated from the mothers' serum correlated well with the contents of the corresponding fetal brain tissues obtained after voluntary pregnancy termination. In six EtOH-exposed cases and six matched controls, the levels of fetal brain and maternal serum miRNAs were quantified on the array by qRT-PCR. In FB-Es from 10 EtOH-exposed cases and 10 controls, selected miRNAs were quantified by ddPCR. Protein levels were quantified by ELISA. There were significant EtOH-associated reductions in the expression of several miRNAs, including miR-9 and its downstream neuronal targets BDNF, REST, Synapsin, and Sonic hedgehog. In 20 paired cases, reductions in FB-E miR-9 levels correlated strongly with reductions in fetal eye diameter, a prominent feature of FASDs. Thus, FB-E miR-9 levels might serve as a biomarker to predict FASDs in at-risk fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Monica Hampe
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Diana Martirosyan
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Ahsun Bajwa
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI 54304, USA
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.H.); (D.M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Qin M, Ren X, Zhang M, Chen Z, Shen J. Molecular mechanism of microRNA-mediated hypoglycemic effect of whole grain highland barley. Gene 2024; 895:148021. [PMID: 38007158 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
As a non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA) has been proven to play an important role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Highland barley is a whole grain from the Tibetan areas of China. Our previous studies have demonstrated its hypoglycemic effect. To further explore the underlining molecular mechanism, we investigated the effect of highland barley intervention on liver miRNA expression profiles in diabetic mice. Our results showed that ten differentially expressed miRNA among different groups were identified and their target genes were predicted. Remarkably, many glycometabolism-associated genes, including Foxo3, Nras, Rptor, Igf1r, Tsc2 and Braf, were negatively regulated by miR-122-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-455-5p and miR-210-3p, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed these target genes were mainly involved in AMPK, MAPK and FOXO signaling pathways. Thereby, these miRNA and mRNA were validated using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the small RNA-seq and expectations. Highland barley could regulate the MAPK, AMPK, and FOXO signaling pathways by regulating critical miRNA-mRNA pairs, e.x. miR-210-3p-Tsc2/Braf, miR-122-5p-Foxo3, and miR-455-5p-Igf1r, thereby improving blood glucose metabolism in diabetic mice. The present study preliminarily explored the hypoglycaemic effects of highland barley based on transcriptomics, and more detailed and in-depth studies on this topic are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Grain Industry Highland Barley Deep Processing Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Grain Industry Highland Barley Deep Processing Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Grain Industry Highland Barley Deep Processing Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Ningjin County Market Supervision Administration, Dezhou, Shandong 253400, China
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Wang B, Yu X, Chen T, Qiu C, Lu W, Zheng X, Wu Z. CircRNA-SCAF8 promotes vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis by regulating the miR-93-5p/TXNIP axis. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:473-484. [PMID: 37643981 PMCID: PMC10495250 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role and mechanism of circRNA-SR-related CTD associated factor 8 (SCAF8) in regulating endothelial cell pyroptosis in high glucose environment. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and divided into six groups. The normal control group and high glucose control group were cultured in cell culture medium with 5 and 33 mmol/L glucose, respectively. The RNA control group, circRNA-SCAF8 inhibition group, miR-93-5p overexpression group and miR-93-5p inhibition group were added with non-functional siRNA, circRNA-SCAF8 inhibitor, miR-93-5p overexpression molecule and miR-93-5p inhibitor in high glucose environment, respectively. Cell viability and pyroptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide fluorescence double staining. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related factors including apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-1 (caspase-1) and Gasdermin D (GSDMD), NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3), thioredoxin interacting proteins (TXNIP), IL-18 and IL-1β. The expression of circRNA-SCAF8, miR-93-5p and TXNIP was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to locate circRNA-SCAF8 and miR-93-5p. Dual luciferase assay was used to verify the targeted regulatory relationship between miR-93-5p and upstream and downstream molecules. RESULTS Compared with the RNA control group, the cell survival rate of circRNA-SCAF8 inhibition group and miR-93-5p overexpression group increased (both P<0.01), the pyroptosis decreased (both P<0.01), and the expressions of pyroptosis-related factors such as TXNIP, NLRP-3, caspase-1, GSDMD, ASC, IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). The expression of miR-93-5p was significantly increased after inhibition of circRNA-SCAF8 (P<0.01), and the expression of circRNA-SCAF8 tended to decrease after overexpression of miR-93-5p, but with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Dual luciferase assay showed that miR-93-5p downre-gulated circRNA-SCAF8 expression by binding to the 3 ´ UTR region of circRNA-SCAF8, and miR-93-5p downregulated TXNIP expression by binding to the 3 ´ UTR region of TXNIP. FISH showed that circRNA-SCAF8 and miR-93-5p were both located in the cytoplasm and were highly associated in the cells. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of TXNIP increased or decreased after overexpression or inhibition of miR-93-5p compared with the RNA control group, respectively (both P<0.05), suggesting that miR-93-5p could regulate TXNIP gene expression. CONCLUSIONS CircRNA-SCAF8/miR-93-5p/TXNIP axis is involved in the regulation of pyroptosis in HUVECs under high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chenyang Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangtao Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits oxidative stress and ferroptosis in retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose through down-regulation of miR-93. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:22. [PMID: 36639741 PMCID: PMC9840274 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decrease of vitamin D plays a critical role in diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced oxidative stress and vascular endothelial injury. Therefore, we investigated the effect and mechanism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH) D3) on oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by high glucose in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMVECs). And the objective of this paper was to propose a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS First, hRMVECs were transfected with mimics NC or miR-93. After that, cells were treated with 100 nM / 500 nM 25 (OH) D3 and then cultured in a high glucose (30 mM) environment. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression level of miR-93; CCK-8 for the proliferation of cells in each group; biochemical tests for the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferrous ion (Fe2+); and Western blot for the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11). RESULTS Under a high glucose environment, 25 (OH) D3 at 100 nM/500 nM could significantly promote the proliferation of hRMVECs, remarkably decrease the level of intracellular ROS/MDA, and up-regulate the level of GSH. Besides, 25 (OH) D3 greatly reduced Fe2+ level in the cells while increased protein level of GPX4 and SLC7A11. Subsequently, we found that high glucose induced miR-93 expression, while 25 (OH) D3 markedly decreased high glucose-induced miR-93 overexpression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-93 inhibited the functions of 25 (OH) D3 by activating ROS (ROS and MDA were up-regulated while GSH was down-regulated) and inducing Fe2+ (Fe2+ level was up-regulated while GPX4 and SLC7A11 level was down-regulated) in cells. CONCLUSION 25 (OH) D3 may inhibit oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hRMVECs induced by high glucose via down-regulation of miR-93.
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Xuan W, Ou Y, Chen W, Huang L, Wen C, Huang G, Tang W, Zeng D, Huang S, Xiao L, Li Z. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:10794. [PMID: 37025162 PMCID: PMC10070466 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Additional effective therapeutic strategies for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are urgently needed. Gut microbiota plays an important role in T2D development and is a promising treatment strategy for T2D patients. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is regarded as one of the most important bacterial indicators for a healthy gut, but the mechanisms of its anti-diabetic properties are still unclear. Methods and Results: The abundance of F. prausnitzii in feces of patients with T2D was detected by using qPCR. The effects of F. prausnitzii on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were investigated in type 2 diabetic (T2D) db/db mice. We also investigated F. prausnitzii in people. Our results showed that the abundance of F. prausnitzii was significantly lower in T2D patients compared to healthy subjects. In T2D mice, we found that F. prausnitzii treatment significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and IR index, indicating improved glucose intolerance as well as IR. Furthermore, based on evaluation of lipid-regulating enzyme activities and proinflammatory cytokine levels, F. prausnitzii was not only able to improve inflammation in both adipose tissue and liver, but also ameliorate hepatic steatosis through inhibiting the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Conclusion: These results suggested that F. prausnitzii might serve as a therapeutic option for T2D by improved IR, lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yijing Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Guangying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Daidi Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Suran Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Xiao, ; Zhongjun Li,
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Xiao, ; Zhongjun Li,
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Yayla M, Binnetoğlu D. Experimental Approaches to Diabetes Mellitus. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:145-153. [PMID: 36655459 PMCID: PMC11163337 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common health problems today, diabetes is a serious, chronic, and complex disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Nowadays, experimental diabetes models are being developed to study existing diabetes in depth, to improve diabetes medications, or to develop new medications. The protocols developed to date to create an experimental diabetes model are finalized in different time intervals and depending on various factors. With these models, which can be designed in vivo and in vitro, a picture similar to type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be created. In this review, we aimed to present the methodology, advantages, and disadvantages of all currently used experimental diabetes models in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yayla
- Department of Pharmacology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Damla Binnetoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
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Yan YX, Dong J, Li YL, Lu YK, Yang K, Wang T, Zhang X, Xiao HB. CircRNA hsa_circ_0071336 is associated with type 2 diabetes through targeting the miR-93-5p/GLUT4 axis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22324. [PMID: 35439323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200149rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is a dominant regulator of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play significant roles in the pathogenesis of disease. The aim of the present study was to identify the circRNA that can be used as a novel biomarker for type 2 diabetes (T2D) through regulating GLUT4. Based on previous microarray analysis comparing T2D cases and healthy controls, hsa_circ_0071336, which was predicted to be a regulator of GLUT4 by acting as a competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) to sponge miR-93-5p, was selected for further validation. The clinical significance of circulating hsa_circ_0071336 was investigated in a large independent cohort. The results showed that circulating hsa_circ_0071336 was significantly downregulated in blood in T2D and had a high diagnostic accuracy for discriminating T2D and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) from healthy controls. Low expression of circ_0071336 was an independent predictor of T2D, IFG and insulin resistance. A luciferase reporter assay and western-blot analysis indicated that miR-93-5p was a direct target of hsa_circ_0071336, and miR-93-5p may negatively regulate the expression of GLUT4. The expression levels of hsa_circ_007136 were negatively related to miR-93-5p expression and positively correlated with the mRNA expression of GLUT4 in adipose tissues. In conclusion, hsa_circRNA_0071336 can be considered as a potential novel and stable biomarker for T2D and its early detection. hsa_circ_0071336 regulates the GLUT4 expression by sponging miR-93-5p and maybe involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. These findings may unveil new targets for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Bo Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hasan I, Hossain A, Bhuiyan P, Miah S, Rahman H. A system biology approach to determine therapeutic targets by identifying molecular mechanisms and key pathways for type 2 diabetes that are linked to the development of tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2022; 297:120483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Transcriptome analysis to reveal the mechanism of the effect of Echinops latifolius polysaccharide B on palmitate-induced insulin-resistant. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112203. [PMID: 34563954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insulin resistance is a crucial pathological process in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with visceral adiposity and metabolic disorders. Echinops latifolius polysaccharide B (ETPB), a polysaccharide extracted from Echinops latifolius Tausch, increases insulin sensitivity in the high-fat diet-fed and STZ induced SD rat model and even prevented hepatic metabolic disorders. However, the mechanism by which ETPB improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in the liver with insulin resistance remains largely unknown. In the present work, an lnsulin resistance cell model (IR-HepG2) was established. Glucose consumption, glycogen content, triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFAs) levels were detected. The result revealed that the intervention of ETPB significantly increased glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis and reduced FFAs and TG production in IR-HepG2 cells. Further, we also employed RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs (DEGs) with a fold change of ≥ 1.5 and p-value of <0.05. Finally, we identified 1028, 682, 382, 1614, 519 and 825 DEGs, and 71, 113, 94, 68, 52 and 38 DEMs in different comparisons, respectively. Based on a short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis, six profiles were chosen for further analysis. Seventeen insulin resistance-associated dynamic DEGs were identified during ETPB stimulation. Based on these dynamic DEGs, the related miRNAs were acquired from DEMs, and an integrated miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was subsequently constructed. Besides, some DEGs and DEMs were validated using qPCR. This study provides transcriptomic evidence of the molecular mechanism involved in HepG2 insulin resistance, leading to the discovery of miRNA-based target therapies for ETPB.
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Taxifolin and Sorghum Ethanol Extract Protect against Hepatic Insulin Resistance via the miR-195/IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK Signalling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091331. [PMID: 34572963 PMCID: PMC8465682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatic insulin resistance. FFA treatment decreased glucose uptake by 16.2% compared with that in the control, whereas taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the glucose uptake. Additionally, taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-IRS1, p-AKT, p-AMPK, and p-ACC in FFA-induced hepatocytes. Furthermore, FFA treatment increased the expression of miR-195. However, compared with the FFA treatment, treatment with taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract decreased miR-195 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract enhanced p-IRS1, p-PI3K, p-AMPK, p-AKT, and p-ACC expression by suppressing miR-195 levels in miR-195 mimic- or inhibitor-transfected cells. These results indicate that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract attenuate insulin resistance by regulating miR-195 expression, which suggests that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract may be useful antidiabetic agents.
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