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Zhou H, Liu Y, Su Y, Ji P, Kong L, Sun R, Zhang D, Xu H, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver damage by activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting inflammasomes in hepatic cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117794. [PMID: 38244950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a main active ingredient extracted from ginseng, which is known for its age-delaying and antioxidant effects. Increasing evidence indicates that Rg1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in numerous diseases and may ameliorate oxidative damage and inflammation in many chronic liver diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Chronic inflammatory injury in liver cells is an important pathological basis of many liver diseases. However, its mechanism remains unclear and therapeutic strategies to prevent its development need to be further explored. Thus, our study is to delve the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 against chronic hepatic inflammatory injuries induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chronic liver damage model in mice was build up by injecting intraperitoneally with LPS (200 μg/kg) for 21 days. Serum liver function indicators and levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were examined by using corresponding Kits. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson stains were utilized to visualize hepatic histopathological damage, glycogen deposition, and liver fibrosis. The nuclear import of p-Nrf2 and the generation of Col4 in the liver were detected by IF, while IHC was employed to detect the expressions of NLRP3 and AIM2 in the hepatic. The Western blot and q-PCR were used to survey the expressions of proteins and mRNAs of fibrosis and apoptosis, and the expressions of Keap1, p-Nrf2 and NLRP3, NLRP1, AIM2 inflammasome-related proteins in mouse liver. The cell viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 to select the action concentration of LPS, and intracellular ROS generation was detected using a kit. The expressions of Nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 inflammasome-related proteins in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot. Finally, the feasibility of the molecular interlinking between Rg1 and Nrf2 was demonstrated by molecular docking. RESULTS Rg1 treatment for 21 days decreased the levels of ALT, AST, and inflammatory factors of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in mice induced by LPS. Pathological results indicated that Rg1 treatment obviously alleviated hepatocellular injury and apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and liver fibrosis in LPS stimulated mice. Rg1 promoted Keap1 degradation and enhanced the expressions of p-Nrf2, HO-1 and decreased the levels of NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-6 in livers caused by LPS. Furthermore, Rg1 effectively suppressed the rise of ROS in HepG2 cells induced by LPS, whereas inhibition of Nrf2 reversed the role of Rg1 in reducing the production of ROS and NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 expressions in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells. Finally, the molecular docking illustrated that Rg1 exhibits a strong affinity towards Nrf2. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that Rg1 significantly ameliorates chronic liver damage and fibrosis induced by LPS. The mechanism may be mediated through promoting the dissociation of Nrf2 from Keap1 and then activating Nrf2 signaling and further inhibiting NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 inflammasomes in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pengmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liangliang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hanyang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Yu C, Guo X, Cui X, Su G, Wang H. Functional Food Chemical Ingredient Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Hepatic Fibrosis: Chemical Properties, Health Benefits, Action, and Application. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:1-14. [PMID: 38172459 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The liver is an important digestive gland in the body. Lifestyle and dietary habits are increasingly damaging our liver, leading to various diseases and health problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most serious liver disease problems in the world. Diet is one of the important factors in maintaining liver health. Functional foods and their components have been identified as novel sources of potential preventive agents in the prevention and treatment of liver disease in daily life. However, the effects of functional components derived from small molecules in food on different types of liver diseases have not been systematically summarized. RECENT FINDINGS The components and related mechanisms in functional foods play a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD and liver fibrosis. A variety of structural components are found to treat and prevent NAFLD and liver fibrosis through different mechanisms, including flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and peptides. On the other hand, the relevant mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune regulation, and a large number of literature studies have confirmed a close relationship between the mechanisms. The purpose of this article is to examine the current literature related to functional foods and functional components used for the treatment and protection against NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis, focusing on chemical properties, health benefits, mechanisms of action, and application in vitro and in vivo. The roles of different components in the biological processes of NAFLD and liver fibrosis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang L, Wang J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhao T, Luo W, Liang T, Yang Z. Traditional herbs: mechanisms to combat cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14473-14505. [PMID: 38054830 PMCID: PMC10756111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in the ageing of organisms and age-related diseases that increase with age, a process that involves physiological, structural, biochemical and molecular changes in cells. In recent years, it has been found that the active ingredients of herbs and their natural products can prevent and control cellular senescence by affecting telomerase activity, oxidative stress response, autophagy, mitochondrial disorders, DNA damage, inflammatory response, metabolism, intestinal flora, and other factors. In this paper, we review the research information on the prevention and control of cellular senescence in Chinese herbal medicine through computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
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4
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Song L, Zhang S. Anti-Aging Activity and Modes of Action of Compounds from Natural Food Sources. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1600. [PMID: 38002283 PMCID: PMC10669485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic diseases and death. With economic and medical development, the elderly population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy and the medical field. Thus, healthy aging has now become a common aspiration among people over the world. Accumulating evidence indicates that substances that can mediate the deteriorated physiological processes are highly likely to have the potential to prolong lifespan and improve aging-associated diseases. Foods from natural sources are full of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins. These bioactive compounds and their derivatives have been shown to be able to delay aging and/or improve aging-associated diseases, thereby prolonging lifespan, via regulation of various physiological processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anti-aging activities of the compounds, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins from natural food sources, and their modes of action in delaying aging and improving aging-associated diseases. This will certainly provide a reference for further research on the anti-aging effects of bioactive compounds from natural food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou, College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;
| | - Shicui Zhang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau, Kashi 844000, China
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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5
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Tian T, Ko CN, Luo W, Li D, Yang C. The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology. Food Funct 2023; 14:9123-9136. [PMID: 37766674 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of global aging and the rise in living standards, the achievement of healthy aging is becoming an imperative issue globally. Ginseng, a medicinal plant that has a long history of dietary intake and remarkable medicinal value, has become a research hotspot in the field of food and medicine. Ginsenosides, especially protopanaxadiol-type saponins and protopanaxatriol-type saponins, are among the most important active ingredients in ginseng. Ginsenosides have been found to exhibit powerful and diverse pharmacological activities, such as antiaging, antitumor, antifatigue and immunity enhancement activities. Their effects in antiaging mainly include (1) promotion of metabolism and stem cell proliferation, (2) protection of skin and nerves, (3) modulation of intestinal flora, (4) maintenance of mitochondrial function, and (5) enhancement of telomerase activity. The underlying mechanisms are primarily associated with the intervention of the signaling pathways in apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in antiaging as well as the potential values of developing ginsenoside-based functional foods and antiaging drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519087, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenya Luo
- Haikou Orthopedics and Diabetes Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Han Q, Zhang S, Xing X, Sun X. New perspective on the immunomodulatory activity of ginsenosides: Focus on effective therapies for post-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115154. [PMID: 37454595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 700 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported globally, and 10-60% of patients are expected to exhibit "post-COVID-19 symptoms," which will continue to affect human life and health. In the absence of safer, more specific drugs, current multiple immunotherapies have failed to achieve satisfactory efficacy. Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used as an immunomodulator and has been used in COVID-19 treatment as a tonic to increase blood oxygen saturation. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng. In this review, we summarize the multiple ways in which ginsenosides affect post-COVID-19 symptoms, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor signaling, modulation of chemokine receptors and inflammasome activation, induction of macrophage polarization, effects on Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa-B, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, lymphocytes, intestinal flora, and epigenetic regulation. Ginsenosides affect virus-mediated tissue damage, local or systemic inflammation, immune modulation, and other links, thus alleviating respiratory and pulmonary symptoms, reducing the cardiac burden, protecting the nervous system, and providing new ideas for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, we analyzed its role in strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors from the perspective of ginseng-epidemic disease and highlighted the challenges in clinical applications. However, the benefit of ginsenosides in modulating organismal imbalance post-COVID-19 needs to be further evaluated to better validate the pharmacological mechanisms associated with their traditional efficacy and to determine their role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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7
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Xu K, Hu B, Ding X, Zhan Z. Alleviation of D-gal-induced senile liver injury by Rg3, a signature component of red ginseng. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6749-6756. [PMID: 37348025 PMCID: PMC10415550 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rg3 regulates oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation through NF/KB pathway to delay mouse liver injury. This work randomized Balbc mice as four groups: Normal, D-gal, Rg3-L, Rg3-H. Paraffin-embedded liver tissue sections were prepared, later, BAX/BCL-2 protein expression was observed by HE, Sirius red, TUNEL and immunofluorescence to detect apoptotic injury and α-SMA/TGF-β protein expression to detect fibrosis, and liver inflammation-related protein NF-KB was detected. HE and TUNEL staining showed that Rg3 reduced necrotic cells and fibrosis in liver-injured mice, Rg3 increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 can effectively antagonize D-gal's role in mouse liver injury, and its mechanism may be associated with regulating inflammatory pathway by Rg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Biwen Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Ding
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Su J, Lin J, Liu L, Wu J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Su ZJ, Xu G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang W. Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo formula promotes autophagy and alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by controlling the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116633. [PMID: 37207878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo (FZTL) formula is a Chinese herbal prescription which is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously reported that the FZTL formula could improve IPF injury in rats; however, the mechanism remains unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the FZTL formula on IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model and transforming growth factor-β-induced lung fibroblast model were used. Histological changes and fibrosis formation were detected in the rat model after treatment with the FZTL formula. Furthermore, the effects of the FZTL formula on autophagy and lung fibroblast activation were determined. Moreover, the mechanism of FZTL was explored using transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS We observed that FZTL alleviated IPF injury in rats and inhibited inflammatory responses and fibrosis formation in rats. Moreover, it promoted autophagy and inhibited lung fibroblast activation in vitro. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that FZTL regulates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT) signaling pathway. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling activator interleukin 6 inhibited the anti-fibroblast activation effect of the FZTL formula. Combined treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) and autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) did not enhance the antifibrotic effect of FZTL. CONCLUSIONS The FZTL formula can inhibit IPF injury and lung fibroblast activation. Its effects are mediated via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The FZTL formula may be a potential complementary therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lujiong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Diseases, YueYang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zi Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guihua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yile Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xing Y, Zhong W, Peng D, Han Z, Zeng H, Wang Y, Feng L, Huang J, Xu L, Chen M, Zhou D, Jiang K, Deng X, Zhou H, Tong G. Chinese Herbal Formula Ruangan Granule Enhances the Efficacy of Entecavir to Reverse Advanced Liver Fibrosis/Early Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106737. [PMID: 36940891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide analogs treatment can reverse liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, it has limited effect on fibrosis resolution in patients with CHB, particularly in preventing progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ruangan granule (RG), a Chinese herbal formula, has proven to produce a therapeutic effect against liver fibrosis in animal experiment. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of our Chinese herbal formula (RG) combined with entecavir (ETV) to reverse advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis from CHB. METHODS A total of 240 CHB patients with histologically confirmed advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis from 12 centers were randomly and blindly allocated to consume either ETV (0.5mg/day) plus RG (2 times/day) or control (ETV) for 48 weeks (wk) treatment. Changes in histopathology, serology and imageology were observed. Liver fibrosis reversion, defined as a reduction in the Knodell HAI score by ≥2 points and Ishak score by ≥1 grade, was assessed. RESULTS The rate of fibrosis regression and inflammation remission after 48 wk of treatment in histopathology was significantly higher in the ETV + RG group (38.73% vs. 23.94%, P=0.031). The ultrasonic semiquantitative scores decreased by ≥2 points and were 41 (28.87%) and 15 (21.13%) in the ETV+RG and ETV groups, respectively (P=0.026). The ETV+RG group had a significantly lower Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) index (P=0.028). There was a significant difference between the ETV+RG and ETV groups in the liver function normalization rate (P <0.01). Moreover, ETV plus RG combination treatment further reduced the risk of HCC in median 55-month follow-up (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates that the Chinese herbal formula RG with ETV can improve advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis regression in patients with CHB, further reducing the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weichao Zhong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Deti Peng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Feng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinzhen Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daqiao Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaiping Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Deng
- The First Department of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chu K, Zhang Z, Chu Y, Xu Y, Yang W, Guo L. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pyroptosis in human periodontal ligament cells via inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105632. [PMID: 36736069 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate whether Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced pyroptosis of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) and further explore the underlying mechanism. DESIGN Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion and lactate dehydrogenase release were examined by ELISA. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to determine the pyroptosis ratio, and ATP production was estimated using the ATP assay kit. Fluorescence staining was utilized to visualize mitochondrial morphology and analyze mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and the mitochondrial membrane potential level. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression of signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNA, respectively. RESULTS The results discovered that Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment enhanced cell viability in comparison to LPS stimulation, attenuated pyroptosis in HPDLCs, and reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, IL-1β, and IL-18 significantly. Additionally, we found that Ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential level while reducing aberrant mitochondrial fission and mtROS production. Mechanistically, we found that Ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at Ser 637 in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, and reduced pyroptosis-related proteins expression, including NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD-NT. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation damage in HPDLCs, which may connect to the activation of the AMPK/Drp1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Moreover, the results offer a potential theoretical foundation for applying Ginsenoside Rg1 in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Chu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Chu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wanrong Yang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Oral prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Chen X, Xue W, Zhang J, Peng J, Huang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates the NASH phenotype by regulating the miR-375-3p/ATG2B/PTEN-AKT axis to mediate autophagy and pyroptosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:22. [PMID: 36759837 PMCID: PMC9912620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most frequent liver diseases at present, and there is no radical treatment. The consequences of a variety of ginsenoside compounds on this situation have before been reported, however, the specific effect on the monomeric ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and its associated underlying molecular mechanism stay unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, the cell models were constructed by exposing free fatty acids (FFAs) to HepG2 cells. A methionine and choline deficiency (MCD)-induced NASH mouse model was also established over 5-6 weeks of treatment. Rg1 is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer. These NASH models were treated with Rg1 and analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western Blot, sequencing, Oil red O staining, immunofluorescence, enzyme activity, HE staining, ELISA, double luciferase reporter assay, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Overexpression of ATG2B, an autophagy-related protein, attenuated lipid droplet accumulation and reduces ALT, AST, inflammatory cytokines, hydrogen peroxide, and pyroptosis in established mouse and cellular models of NASH and increased levels of ATP and autophagy. The binding sites of miR-375-3p and ATG2B were verified by bioinformatic prediction and a dual-luciferase reporter gene. Knockdown of miR-375-3p promoted autophagy and inhibited pyroptosis. ATG2B knockdown substantially attenuated the impact of miR-375-3p on NASH. Rg1 appears to regulate the occurrence and development of NASH inflammation through miR-375-3p and ATG2B in vitro and in vivo, and is regulated by PTEN-AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that Rg1 participates in autophagy and pyroptosis through the miR-375-3p/ATG2B/PTEN-AKT pathway, thereby alleviating the occurrence and development of NASH, for that reason revealing Rg1 as a candidate drug for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxin Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wei Xue
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jia Zhang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Guo ZW, Li J, Li AH, Huo TG. Insight into the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mitochondria in liver injury and the protective role of natural products. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang S, Pei T, Wang L, Zeng Y, Li W, Yan S, Xiao W, Cheng W. Salidroside Alleviates Renal Fibrosis in SAMP8 Mice by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228039. [PMID: 36432138 PMCID: PMC9698989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis progression is closely associated with aging, which ultimately leads to renal dysfunction. Salidroside (SAL) is considered to have broad anti-aging effects. However, the roles and mechanisms of SAL in aging-related renal fibrosis remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of SAL in SAMP8 mice. SAMP8 mice were administered with SAL and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) for 12 weeks. Renal function, renal fibrosis, and ferroptosis in renal tissue were detected. The results showed that elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels significantly decreased, serum albumin (ALB) levels increased, and mesangial hyperplasia significantly reduced in the SAL group. SAL significantly reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma) levels in SAMP8 mice. SAL treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in the kidneys, and regulated iron transport-related proteins and ferroptosis-related proteins. These results suggested that SAL delays renal aging and inhibits aging-related glomerular fibrosis by inhibiting ferroptosis in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixia Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Pei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linshuang Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shihua Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Weidong Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (W.C.)
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Zhang JJ, Chen KC, Zhou Y, Wei H, Qi MH, Wang Z, Zheng YN, Chen RX, Liu S, Li W. Evaluating the effects of mitochondrial autophagy flux on ginsenoside Rg2 for delaying D-galactose induced brain aging in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154341. [PMID: 35870376 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable gradual process of the body, which can cause dysfunction or degeneration of the nervous or immune system, thus becoming a critical pathogenic factor inducing neurodegenerative diseases. Previous reports have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) derived from Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer exerted obvious memory-enhancing and anti-aging effects, and the simpler the structure of ginsenosides, the better the biological activity. Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) is a prominent and representative panaxatriol-type ginsenoside produced during ginseng processing, which has been reported to have pretty good neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE The work was aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of Rg2 by establishing the subacute brain aging model induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice. METHODS The anti-aging activity of G-Rg2 (10, 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks) was assessed using the D-gal induced brain aging model (800 mg/kg for 8 weeks). The Morris water maze (MWM) and histopathological analysis were used to evaluate the cognitive function and pathological changes of the brain in mice, respectively. The protein expression levels of p53, p21, p16ink4α, IL-6, CDK4, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, LC3, p62, LAMP2, and TFEB were quantified through western blot analysis. The degree of mitochondrial damage and the number of mitochondrial autophagolysosomes in hippocampal neurons were monitored using TEM analysis. RESULTS The results showed that Rg2 could significantly restore D-gal-induced impaired memory function, choline dysfunction, and redox system imbalance in mice. Rg2 treatment also considerably decreased the over-expression of aging-related proteins such as p53/p21/p16ink4α induced by D-galactose, which demonstrated that Rg2 possessed good anti-aging activity. Meanwhile, Rg2 could evidently reduce the pathological changes caused by D-gal exposure. Moreover, the results from transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that Rg2 could delay the brain aging induced by D-gal in mice via promoting the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 while increasing the protein expression level of LAMP2/TFEB to maintain mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Rg2 could postpone brain aging by increasing mitochondrial autophagy flux to maintain mitochondrial function, which greatly enriched the research on the pharmacological activity of ginsenosides for delaying brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping 136001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Heng Wei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Han Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping 136001, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Goldenwell Biotechnology, Inc., Reno 89501, United States
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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Antidepressant Mechanism of Kaixinsan and Its Active Compounds Based on Upregulation of Antioxidant Thioredoxin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7302442. [PMID: 35911169 PMCID: PMC9325646 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7302442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Kaixinsan (KXS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of depression. The present study applied a network pharmacology approach to dig out the new targets and mechanism of action of KXS and the active compounds in the treatment of depression. Methods A network pharmacology approach based on public databases including ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluation, targets prediction, construction of networks, and molecule docking was used and validated the predicted new antioxidant targets and mechanisms in vitro. Based on an in vitro experiment, we verified the AKT1/Nrf2 pathway related to the thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant mechanism. Results The present study sorted 31 pharmacologically active components (kaempferol, ginsenoside rh2, ginsenoside rh4, stigmasterol, etc.) through the ADME algorithm from KXS. 136 potential molecular targets (AKT1, TNF, IL-1b, JUN, ESR1, NOS3, etc.) were predicted, of which there were 69 targets clearly related to depression. By compound-depression targets (C-DTs) network constructed, and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyzed, we identified active compounds mediating depression-related targets to exert synergism on the predictive AKT1/Nrf2 pathway related to thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant mechanism and other inflammation-related signaling pathways as well as neurotransmitter related signaling pathways. In the H2O2 induced SH-SY5Y cell damage model, this showed kaempferol and ginsenoside rh2 could enhance the activity of the Trx system by upregulation of AKT1 to activate Nrf2 in vitro. Conclusions Taken together, by comprehensive systems pharmacology approach analysis, we found that KXS and its active compounds might exhibit antioxidant effects by stimulating the AKT1/Nrf2 pathway in the treatment of depression, which might shed new light on innovative therapeutic tactics for the new aspects for depression in traditional Chinese medicine in future studies.
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Zhang D, Ji P, Sun R, Zhou H, Huang L, Kong L, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates LPS-induced chronic renal injury by inhibiting NOX4-NLRP3 signaling in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112936. [PMID: 35421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal injury (CRI) is a common pathological damage in chronic renal disease, and the therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is reported to have a protective effect on renal injury by improving oxidative stress and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays important roles in inducing inflammatory and high-dose LPS is often used to perform acute renal injury. However, little is known about the effect of low-dose LPS on CRI, and the protective effect of Rg1 against chronic LPS-induced CRI. Here, we reported the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 against LPS-induced CRI in mice. In this study, the results demonstrated that low-dose LPS (0.25 mg/kg) exposure for 14 days significantly induced renal function impairment and renal injury and fibrosis. Meanwhile, LPS exposure significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in renal cortex. However, treatment with Rg1, tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic), and apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) significantly improved renal function impairment and renal fibrosis, and significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, KIM-1, β-Gal, and collagen IV in the kidneys. And Rg1 treatment also significantly reduced ROS generation and inhibited the activation of NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, these results suggest that Rg1 treatment can ameliorate LPS-induced chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis, the mechanisms may be involved in reducing NOX2-mediated oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pengmin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Kang J, Zhou Y, Zhu C, Ren T, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Fang B. Ginsenoside Rg1 Mitigates Porcine Intestinal Tight Junction Disruptions Induced by LPS through the p38 MAPK/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060285. [PMID: 35736894 PMCID: PMC9228030 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation leads to porcine tight junction disruption of small intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in intestinal dysfunction. Herein, we established lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in-vivo and in-vitro inflammatory models. The results revealed that LPS induced tight junction disruption in IPEC-J2 cells by downregulating tight-junction-related protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1 expression, while ginsenoside Rg1 rescued such inhibition and abrogated the upregulated expression of phosphorylation p38 MAPK. The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) showed a similar effect with Rg1 and attenuated the LPS-induced inhibition of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 expression, which is consistent with the reduced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β. Furthermore, the specific inhibitors of NLRP3 and IL-1β result in increased expression of tight-junction-related protein, demonstrating that p38 MAPK signaling was associated with Rg1 suppression of tight junction disruption. Besides, LPS treatment decreased the expression of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 through p38 MAPK signaling, and caused abnormal morphological changes in murine ileum. Meanwhile, Rg1 attenuated the decreased expression of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 and partially alleviated LPS-induced morphological changes in murine ileum. In summary, these findings characterized a novel mechanism by which Rg1 alleviates LPS-induced intestinal tight junction disruption by inhibiting the p38 MAPK-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.K.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.K.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Chunyang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.K.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Tian Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.K.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.F.)
| | - Binghu Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.K.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.F.)
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Liu Y, Xu X, Lei W, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Tang R, Yang Z, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Deng C, Zhang S, Yang Y. The NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrosis and aging: The known unknowns. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101638. [PMID: 35525426 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by fibrosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the inflammatory response and subsequently promotes fibrosis through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this review, we first introduce the general background and specific mechanism of NLRP3 in fibrosis. Second, we investigate the role of NLRP3 in fibrosis in different organs/tissues. Third, we discuss the relationship between NLRP3 and fibrosis during aging. In summary, this review describes the latest progress on the roles of NLRP3 in fibrosis and aging and reveals the possibility of NLRP3 as an antifibrotic and anti-aging treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Yi YS. Potential benefits of ginseng against COVID-19 by targeting inflammasomes. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:722-730. [PMID: 35399195 PMCID: PMC8979607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with major symptoms including hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, which consequently impairs the respiratory system and multiple organs, or even cause death. SARS-CoV-2 activates inflammasomes and inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways, which are key determinants of hyperinflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 inhibits inflammasome activation to evade the host's antiviral immunity. Therefore, regulating inflammasome initiation has received increasing attention as a preventive measure in COVID-19 patients. Ginseng and its major active constituents, ginsenosides and saponins, improve the immune system and exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting inflammasome stimulation. Therefore, this review discussed the potential preventive and therapeutic roles of ginseng in COVID-19 based on its regulatory role in inflammasome initiation and the host's antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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