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Yang L. A causality between fruit consumption and colorectal cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362269. [PMID: 38496761 PMCID: PMC10940414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly threatens human health with increasing incidence and mortality. A debate continues whether fruit consumption is associated with CRC, despite dietary habits having an impact on the disease. The study aims to examine the causal relationship between fruit consumption and CRC based on a two-sample Mendelian randomization method (MR). Methods Summary statistics for fruit consumption and CRC were obtained from the UK Biobank and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. Analysis methods used in this study included the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were also assessed. Additionally, a leave-one-out analysis was performed to validate the robustness of the results. Results We found that fruit consumption was associated with a reduction in CRC risk by the IVW method (P = 0.021). This protective effect was predominantly observed in males (OR 0.374; 95% CI: 0.157-0.892; P = 0.027), while no protective effect was noted in females. However, causal correlations were not observed upon analyzing 16 individual types of fruits. Moreover, our results were unlikely to be influenced by horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Leave-one-out analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a genetic predisposition for fruit consumption may be protective against CRC, underscoring the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and dietary patterns involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shapingba Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Pirker T, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Bampali E, Bochkov V, Bauer R. Glycolipid-enriched fraction of Osmanthus fragrans inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes, COX-2, E-selectin, and Interleukin-8. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116328. [PMID: 36870464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a small ornamental tree native to the Southeastern parts of China. It is mainly cultivated because of its characteristic fragrance, and used in the food and perfume industry. Besides, its flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases including those related to inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate in more detail the anti-inflammatory properties of O. fragrans flowers, and to characterize their active principles and mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. fragrans flowers were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The extracts were further fractionated by chromatographic separation. COX-2 mRNA expression in PMA-differentiated, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells was used as lead assay for activity-guided fractionation. The most potent fraction was chemically analyzed by LC-HRMS. The pharmacological activity was also evaluated in other inflammation-related in-vitro models, such as analysis of IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression in HUVECtert cells and selective inhibition of COX-isoenzymes. RESULTS n-Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of O. fragrans flowers significantly inhibited COX-2 (PTGS2) mRNA expression. Additionally, both extracts inhibited COX-2 enzyme activity, whereas COX-1 enzyme activity was affected to a significantly lower extent. Fractionation of the extracts led to a highly active, glycolipid-containing fraction. In total, 10 glycolipids were tentatively annotated by LC-HRMS. This fraction also inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression. The effects were limited to LPS-induced inflammation and not observed when inflammatory genes were induced by TNF-α, IL-1β or FSL-1. Since all these inducers of inflammation act via different receptors, it is likely that the fraction interferes with the binding of LPS to the TLR4-receptor, which mediates pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of O. fragrans flower extracts in general, and of the glycolipid-enriched fraction in particular. The effects of glycolipid-enriched fraction are potentially mediated via the inhibition of the TLR4 receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pirker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evangelia Bampali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 46/III, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168896. [PMID: 36012159 PMCID: PMC9408012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Liu K, An J, Zhang S, Chen Q, Zhang J. Optimization of solid-state fermentation technology and analysis of key aroma components of compound rice wine. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Kunyi Liu
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College
| | - Jiangshan An
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Shufan Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College
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Izuchi R, Katsuki T. Pomolic acid in persimmon peel suppresses the increase in glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:691-696. [PMID: 33624785 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon peels, though usually discarded, are useful sources of nutraceuticals. In this study, persimmon peel-derived pomolic acid was found to suppress the increase in the activity of glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, a neutral fat synthesis-related enzyme, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas oleanolic and ursolic acids did not exert this effect. Therefore, persimmon peel may be an effective functional food material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Izuchi
- Toyo Institute of Food Technology, 23-2 4-chome, Minami-Hanayashiki, Kawanishi-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsuki
- Toyo Institute of Food Technology, 23-2 4-chome, Minami-Hanayashiki, Kawanishi-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Jeong DE, Shim SY, Lee M. Anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropyl triterpenoids from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chen XH, Han YT, Ye JL, Chang ZS, Wang CB, Chen SG. Tegillarca granosa extract Haishengsu inhibits tumor activity via a mitochondrial‑mediated apoptotic pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6828-6834. [PMID: 29512751 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Haishengsu (HSS) is an active natural extract isolated from Tegillarca granosa, which has previously been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of several types of cancer cells in vitro. Our previous study indicated that HSS may induce apoptosis to suppress growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL‑7402 cells by activating Fas pathway. The present study demonstrated that HSS treatment induces the in vitro apoptosis of BEL‑7402 cells via the mitochondrial‑mediated apoptotic pathway detected by DNA fragmentation assay, caspase activity assay and transmission electron microscopy assay, and inhibits tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Alterations in apoptotic regulatory proteins were detected, including decreased expression of B‑cell lymphoma2 (Bcl‑2), upregulation of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein and mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and downstream activation of apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, apoptotic induction was caspase‑dependent, as indicated by cleavage of the caspase substrate, poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. Oral administration of 62.5‑250 mg/kg HSS markedly educed the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor xenografts in nude mice. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for caspase‑3 protein and transmission electron microscopy further indicated the induction of apoptosis in these tumor tissues. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that HSS may effectively induce apoptosis to suppress the growth of BEL‑7402 cells in vitro and in vivo, and therefore may hold promise for further development as a novel cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Tao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Li Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shang Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Guo Chen
- Department of Technology, Qingdao Haihui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Company, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
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Wang L, Tan N, Hu J, Wang H, Duan D, Ma L, Xiao J, Wang X. Analysis of the main active ingredients and bioactivities of essential oil from Osmanthus fragrans Var. thunbergii using a complex network approach. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:144. [PMID: 29282071 PMCID: PMC5745743 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmanthus fragrans has been used as folk medicine for thousands of years. The extracts of Osmanthus fragrans flowers were reported to have various bioactivities including free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and antitumor effects. However, there is still lack of knowledge about its essential oil. METHODS In this work, we analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oil from Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii by GC-MS. A complex network approach was applied to investigate the interrelationships between the ingredients, target proteins, and related pathways for the essential oil. Statistical characteristics of the networks were further studied to explore the main active ingredients and potential bioactivities of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil. RESULTS A total of 44 ingredients were selected from the chemical composition of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil, and that 191 potential target proteins together with 70 pathways were collected for these compounds. An ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed based on these data and showed scale-free property as well as power-law degree distribution. Eugenol and geraniol were screened as main active ingredients with much higher degree values. Potential neuroprotective and anti-tumor effect of the essential oil were also found. A core subnetwork was extracted from the ingredient-target-pathway network, and indicated that eugenol and geraniol contributed most to the neuroprotection of this essential oil. Furthermore, a pathway-based protein association network was built and exhibited small-world property. MAPK1 and MAPK3 were considered as key proteins with highest scores of centrality indices, which might play an important role in the anti-tumor effect of the essential oil. CONCLUSIONS This work predicted the main active ingredients and bioactivities of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil, which would benefit the development and utilization of Osmanthus fragrans flowers. The application of complex network theory was proved to be effective in bioactivities studies of essential oil. Moreover, it provides a novel strategy for exploring the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Nana Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Jiayao Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China.
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Li TH, Yan HX. Antitumor‑ and apoptosis‑inducing effects of pomolic acid against SK‑MEL‑2 human malignant melanoma cells are mediated via inhibition of cell migration and sub‑G1 cell cycle arrest. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1035-1040. [PMID: 29115486 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of mortality among the skin‑associated diseases because of its highly metastatic nature and lethality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antitumor and apoptosis effects of pomolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, against SK‑MEL‑2 human malignant melanoma cells. Its effect on cell migration and cell cycle arrest were also studied. An MTT assay was used to assess the cell cytotoxicity effects induced by pomolic acid. Fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 staining, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was used to study the effects of pomolic acid on apoptosis induction in these cells. The effects of pomolic acid on cell migration were studied using an in vitro wound healing assay. The effects of pomolic acid on cell cycle phase distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide as fluorescent probe. The results revealed that pomolic acid induced significant dose‑ and time‑dependent antiproliferative effects in SK‑MEL‑2 human malignant melanoma cells, with IC50 values of 110.3, 88.1 and 79.3 µM after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Pomolic acid‑treated cells exhibited red fluorescence, and the intensity of this fluorescence increased in a dose‑dependent manner, indicating apoptosis induction. After the cells were treated with 25, 75 and 150 µM pomolic acid, significant morphological alterations characteristic of apoptosis were observed by TEM, including loss of microvilli, a damaged plasma membrane, damaged cellular organelles and enlarged lysosomes. Pomolic acid also led to sub‑G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cancer cell migration in a dose‑dependent manner. These results implicate pomolic acid as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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Frolova TS, Lipeeva AV, Baev DS, Tsepilov YA, Sinitsyna OI. Apoptosis as the basic mechanism of cytotoxic action of ursolic and pomolic acids in glioma cells. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Guimarães LPTP, Rocha GDG, Queiroz RM, Martins CA, Takiya CM, Gattass CR. Pomolic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and migration in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2525-2534. [PMID: 28849227 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive of primary brain tumors, determine short survival and poor quality of life. Therapies used for its treatment are not effective and chemotherapy failure is partially due to multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms present in the tumor cells. New therapeutic strategies are needed in order to improve survival in GBM. The present study investigated the activity of the pentacyclic triterpene pomolic acid (PA) in GBM. Pomolic acid decreased the viability and induced apoptosis of GBM cells as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. It also induced uncoupling of mitochondria membrane potential and activation of caspase-3 and -9. Pomolic acid-induced apoptosis is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as it is inhibited by anti-oxidant treatment. Pomolic acid also down-modulated the activity of the multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and inhibited migration of GBM cells. These results show that PA acts on several pathways of GBM drug resistance and therefore may be of potential interest for the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Paes Tavares Pacheco Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gleice da Graça Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Muniz Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carollina Araujo Martins
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cerli Rocha Gattass
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wiemann J, Deckelmann AM, Csuk R. A remarkably simple and convergent partial synthesis of pomolic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chama MA, Dziwornu GA, Waibel R, Osei-Safo D, Addae-Mensah I, Otchere J, Wilson M. Isolation, characterization, and anthelminthic activities of a novel dichapetalin and other constituents of Dichapetalum filicaule. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1179-1188. [PMID: 26118692 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1059861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dichapetalum filicaule Breteler (Dichapetalaceae) is a rare species occurring only in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Although research on several species of the genus has produced interesting bioactive compounds, particularly the Dichapetalins, a novel class of triterpenoids with antineoplastic properties, there is virtually no information on the ethnobotanical uses and chemical constituents of D. filicaule. OBJECTIVE The phytochemical and anthelminthic activities of the constituents of D. filicaule were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of the petroleum ether, chloroform-acetone, and methanol root extracts of D. filicaule were isolated by column chromatography and characterized by their physico-chemical properties, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In vitro anthelminthic activity of the extracts and compounds against the human hookworm, Necator americanus, Stiles 1902 (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) was determined within a concentration range of 2500-250 μg/ml using the Egg Hatch Inhibition (EHI) Assay. The hookworm species were identified using a published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS A new dichapetalin, dichapetalin X (1), together with the known dichapetalin A (2), pomolic acid (3), glycerol monostearate (4), D:A-friedooleanan-3β-ol (5), and D:A-friedooleanan-3-one (6) were isolated. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited EHI with IC50 values of 523.2, 162.4, and 306.0 μg/ml, respectively, against the hookworm. The positive control albendazole gave an IC50 value of 93.27 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This is the first report of the phytochemical investigation of D. filicaule. The study has yielded a new dichapetalin and also demonstrated the potential anthelminthic properties of the constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anti Chama
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | | | - Reiner Waibel
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friederich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany , and
| | | | | | - Joseph Otchere
- c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | - Michael Wilson
- c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
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Park JH, Cho YY, Yoon SW, Park B. Suppression of MMP-9 and FAK expression by pomolic acid via blocking of NF-κB/ERK/mTOR signaling pathways in growth factor-stimulated human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1230-40. [PMID: 27573547 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) have been implicated in the invasion, metastasis and cell motility of cancer cells. It is considered that epidermal growth factor (EGF) may increase cell motility, an event involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Pomolic acid (PA), an active triterpenoid from Euscaphis japonica, is known to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, but the effect of PA on the invasiveness of cancer cells is largely unknown. In this study, we first determined the molecular mechanism by which PA inhibits the migratory and invasive abilities of highly metastatic MDA-MB‑231 cells. Transwell invasion, wound-healing assay and F-actin reorganization showed that PA significantly inhibits the EGF-induced invasion, migration and cell motility by reducing expression of MMP-9 and FAK phosphorylation. In particular, PA potently suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, extraceullar signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, PA treatment inhibited the DNA binding activity of NF-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, which is known to mediate the expression of EGFR and MMP-9. These results suggest that PA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Cho
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Yoon
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Kim B, Kim J, Park B. Pomolic Acid Inhibits Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells Through the Suppression of CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1296-307. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of PharmacyKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Hun Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyResearch Institute (RIBHS) and College of Biomedical and Health ScienceKonkuk UniversityChungjuChungbukKorea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of PharmacyKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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Chemical structures of constituents from the flowers of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus. J Nat Med 2014; 69:135-41. [PMID: 25300343 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three new megastigmane glycosides named floraosmanosides I-III and a new γ-decalactone named floraosmanolactone I together with 16 known constituents were isolated from the flowers of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus cultivated in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among them, ligustroside and (+)-pinoresinol significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Farooqi AA, Yaylim I, Ozkan NE, Zaman F, Halim TA, Chang HW. Restoring TRAIL mediated signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 62:459-74. [PMID: 25030086 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has emerged as a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Genetic/epigenetic mutations, suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, rewiring of intracellular signaling cascades and loss of apoptosis are some of the deeply studied mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted different molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer. In this review, we bring to limelight, expansion in understanding systematical characterization of ovarian cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new drugs and treatments to target negative regulators of TRAIL mediated signaling pathway. Wide ranging synthetic and natural agents have been shown to stimulate mRNA and protein expression of death receptors. This review is compartmentalized into programmed cell death protein 4, platelet-derived growth factor signaling and miRNA control of TRAIL mediated signaling to ovarian cancer. Mapatumumab and PRO95780 have been tested for efficacy against ovarian cancer. Use of high-throughput screening assays will aid in dissecting the heterogeneity of this disease and increasing a long-term survival which might be achieved by translating rapidly accumulating information obtained from molecular and cellular studies to clinic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, RLMC, 35 km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan,
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Induction of apoptosis by total flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don in human hepatocarcinoma MHCC97-H cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2549-59. [PMID: 24222328 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don, a traditional Chinese medicine, reportedly possesses antitumor activity against a variety of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of total flavonoids from S. barbata (TF-SB) on human hepatocarcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding the effect were explored. TF-SB treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of human HCC MHCC97-H cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further flow cytometric analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of MHCC97-H cells increased and the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) of MHCC97-H cells decreased after TF-SB treatment. DNA ladder showed that TF-SB induced a significant increase in DNA fragmentation in MHCC97-H cells. Reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Smac, Apaf-1, Cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner and after treatment with different concentrations of TF-SB for 48 h. These results suggest that TF-SB induces apoptosis in MHCC97-H cells through the mitochondrial pathway.
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