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Bian J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Meng C, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Wang G. Research progress in the mechanism and treatment of osteosarcoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2412-2420. [PMID: 37649421 PMCID: PMC10586865 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. The most commonly used treatment for OS is surgery combined with chemotherapy, but the treatment outcomes are typically unsatisfactory. High rates of metastasis and post-treatment recurrence rates are major challenges in the treatment of OS. This underlines the need for studying the in-depth characterization of the pathogenetic mechanisms of OS and development of more effective therapeutic modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of the bone microenvironment and the regulation of signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OS. In this review, we discussed the available evidence pertaining to the mechanisms of OS development and identified therapeutic targets for OS. We also summarized the available treatment modalities for OS and identified future priorities for therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Bian
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital Of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Spine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yangmiao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
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Bozorgi A, Sabouri L. Osteosarcoma, personalized medicine, and tissue engineering; an overview of overlapping fields of research. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100324. [PMID: 33517237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma is a common bone malignancy in patients of all ages. Surgical and chemotherapy interventions fail to shrink tumor growth and metastasis. The development of efficient patient-specific therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma is of great interest in tissue engineering and personalized medicine. The present manuscript aimed to review the advancements in tissue engineering and personalized medicine strategies to overcome osteosarcoma and the relevant biological aspects as well as the current tumor models in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Tissue engineering and personalized medicine contribute to gene/cell engineering and cell-based therapies specific to genomic and proteomic profiles of individual patients to improve the current treatment options. Also, tissue engineering scaffolds provide physical support to missing bones, could trap cancer cells and deliver immune cells. Taken together, these strategies suppress tumor growth, angiogenic potential, and the subsequent metastasis as well as elicit desirable immune responses against tumor mass. DISCUSSION Advanced and high-throughput gene and protein identification technologies have facilitated the recognition of genomic and proteomic profiles of patients to design and develop patient-specific treatments. The pre-clinical studies showed promising outcomes to inhibit tumor growth and invasion but controversial results compared to clinical investigations make the importance of more clinical reports inevitable. The experimental tumor models assist the evolution of effective treatments by understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression. CONCLUSION Tissue engineering and personalized medicine strategies seem encouraging alternatives to conventional therapies against osteosarcoma. Modeling the tumor microenvironment coupled with pre-clinical results give new intelligence into the translation of strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bozorgi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Will Next-Generation Immunotherapy Overcome the Intrinsic Diversity and Low Immunogenicity of Sarcomas to Improve Clinical Benefit? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113392. [PMID: 33207697 PMCID: PMC7697818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare type of a heterogeneous group of tumours arising from mesenchymal cells that form connective tissues. Surgery is the most common treatment for these tumours, but additional neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapies may be necessary. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients treated with conventional therapies will develop metastatic disease that is resistant to therapies. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop more effective and durable therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. In recent years immunotherapies have revolutionised the treatment of a variety of cancers by restoring patient anti-tumour immune responses or through the adoptive infusion of immune effectors able to kill and eliminate malignant cells. The clinicopathologic and genetic heterogeneity of sarcomas, together with the generally low burden of somatic mutations potentially generating neoantigens, are currently limited to broad application of immunotherapy for patients with sarcomas. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the microenvironmental factors hampering the efficacy of immunotherapy and the identification of new and suitable therapeutic targets may help to overcome current limitations. Moreover, the recent advances in the development of immunotherapies based on the direct exploitation or targeting of T cells and/or NK cells may offer new opportunities to improve the treatment of sarcomas, particularly those showing recurrence or resistance to standard of care treatments.
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Jafari F, Javdansirat S, Sanaie S, Naseri A, Shamekh A, Rostamzadeh D, Dolati S. Osteosarcoma: A comprehensive review of management and treatment strategies. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151654. [PMID: 33130384 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a bone cancer usually seen in children and young adults, is generally a high-grade malignancy presented by extreme metastases to the lungs. Osteosarcoma has a tendency for appearing in bones with rapid growth rate. The etiology of osteosarcoma is multifaceted and poorly understood. A molecular consideration of this disease will lead to a directed tumor treatment. The present treatment for osteosarcoma comprises of an arrangement of systemic chemotherapy and wide surgical resection. Survival rate is increased by the progress of destructive systemic chemotherapies. So, the development of new treatment approaches for metastatic osteosarcoma is essential. Immunomodulation has been used in clinical settings. Through targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, particular antibodies and exploitation of cellular immunotherapy against sarcomas have been confirmed to be effective as cancer therapeutics. In this article, we have reviewed epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma and we have focused on different methods of immunotherapy including vaccines, cell-based immunotherapy, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Javdansirat
- Clinical Research development unit Center, Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Rostamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Sangsuwan R, Thuamsang B, Pacifici N, Allen R, Han H, Miakicheva S, Lewis JS. Lactate Exposure Promotes Immunosuppressive Phenotypes in Innate Immune Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:541-557. [PMID: 33184582 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactate secreted by tumors is not just a byproduct, but rather an active modulator of immune cells. There are few studies aimed at investigating the true effect of lactate, which is normally confounded by pH. Such a knowledge gap needs to be addressed. Herein, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of lactate on dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦs). Methods Bone marrow-derived innate immune cells were treated with 50 mM sodium lactate (sLA) and incubated for 2 days or 5 days at 37 °C. Controls included media, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MCT inhibitors (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and AR-C15585). Flow cytometric analysis of immune phenotypes were performed by incubating cells with specific marker antibodies and viability dye. Differential expression analyses were conducted on R using limma-voom and adjusted p-values were generated using the Bejamini-Hochberg Procedure. Results Lactate exposure attenuated DC maturation through the downregulation of CD80 and MHCII expression under LPS stimulation. For MΦs, lactate exposure resulted in M2 polarization as evidenced by the reduction of M1 markers (CD38 and iNOS), and the increase in expression of CD163 and Arg1. We also revealed the role of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in mediating lactate effect in MΦs. MCT4 inhibition significantly boosted lactate M2 polarization, while blocking of MCT1/2 failed to reverse the immunosuppressive effect of lactate, correlating with the result of gene expression that lactate increased MCT4 expression, but downregulated the expression of MCT1/2. Conclusions This research provides valuable insight on the influence of metabolic products on tumor immunity and will help to identify novel metabolic targets for augmenting cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepat Sangsuwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Bhasirie Thuamsang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Noah Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Riley Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Hyunsoo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Svetlana Miakicheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Heymann MF, Schiavone K, Heymann D. Bone sarcomas in the immunotherapy era. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1955-1972. [PMID: 31975481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are primary bone tumours found mainly in children and adolescents, as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, and in adults in their 40s as chondrosarcoma. The last four decades the development of therapeutic approaches was based on drug combinations have shown no real improvement in overall survival. Recently oncoimmunology has allowed a better understand of the crucial role played by the immune system in the oncologic process. This led to clinical trials with the aim of reprogramming the immune system to facilitate cancer cell recognition. Immune infiltrates of bone sarcomas have been characterized and their molecular profiling identified as immune therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, the clinical responses in trials remain anecdotal but highlight the necessity to improve the characterization of tumour micro-environment to unlock the immunotherapeutic response, especially in their paediatric forms. Bone sarcomas have entered the immunotherapy era and here we overview the recent developments in immunotherapies in these sarcomas. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kristina Schiavone
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Zhang C, Zheng JH, Lin ZH, Lv HY, Ye ZM, Chen YP, Zhang XY. Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3486-3501. [PMID: 32039832 PMCID: PMC7066877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune-associated genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma. An algorithm known as ESTIMATE was applied for immune score assessment, and osteosarcoma cases were assigned to the high and low immune score groups. Immune-associated genes between these groups were compared, and an optimal immune-related risk model was built by Cox regression analyses. The deconvolution algorithm (referred to as CIBERSORT) was applied to assess 22 TIICs for their amounts in the osteosarcoma microenvironment. Osteosarcoma cases with high immune score had significantly improved outcome (P<0.01). The proportions of naive B cells and M0 macrophages were significantly lower in high immune score tissues compared with the low immune score group (P<0.05), while the amounts of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells were significantly higher (P<0.05). Important immune-associated genes were determined to generate a prognostic model by Cox regression analysis. Interestingly, cases with high risk score had poor outcome (P<0.01). The areas under the curve (AUC) for the risk model in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival were 0.634, 0.781, and 0.809, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested immunosuppression in high-risk osteosarcoma patients, in association with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Zong-Han Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Huangjiahu Hospital, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuo-Miao Ye
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yue-Ping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
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Pratt HG, Justin EM, Lindsey BA. Applying Osteosarcoma Immunology to Understand Disease Progression and Assess Immunotherapeutic Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:91-109. [PMID: 32767236 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, remains a complicated disease to treat; no new treatments have been developed in more than three decades. Due to the importance of the immune system in osteosarcoma disease progression, immunotherapeutic strategies have been explored to potentially improve long-term survival. However, most immunotherapeutics have not reached the level of success hoped would occur in this disease. Understanding the immune system in osteosarcoma will be key to optimizing treatments and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, immunophenotyping can be used as a very powerful tool to help better understand the complexity of the immune response seen in osteosarcoma and in the use of immunotherapy in this malignancy. This book chapter will provide an overview of the known immune responses seen in this disease and potential developments for the future of immunophenotyping. Indeed, it appears that being able to track the immune system throughout the disease and treatment of patients with osteosarcoma could allow for a personalized approach to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary G Pratt
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - E Markel Justin
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brock A Lindsey
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Li Y, Wang D, Fang X. In Vitro Generation of Anti-Osteosarcoma Cytotoxic Activity Using Dendritic Cells Loaded with Heat Shock Protein 70-Peptide Complexes. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019; 38:387-398. [PMID: 30955440 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1600624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at evaluating the anti-osteosarcoma activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with heat shock protein 70-peptide complexes (Hsp70-PCs). Materials and methods: Human recombinant Hsp70 expression was analyzed using thin layer scanning and Western blot assay. Tumor antigens from Saos-2 cells were extracted to reconstitute Hsp70-PCs. Maturation of cord blood-derived DC was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase kit and inverted microscope. The anti-osteosarcoma activity of CTLs evoked by DCs loaded with Hsp70-PCs was determined using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Hsp70 protein level in BL21 (DE3) increased in a time-dependent manner after induction. The expression of surface markers was upregulated and a typical dendritic morphology was observed in mature DCs. Allogeneic CTLs exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against Saos-2 cells. Conclusion: Our in vitro experiment demonstrated the potent induction of cytotoxic activity against osteosarcoma using DC-based vaccine loaded with Hsp70-PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Danhui Wang
- Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica , Changchun , China
| | - Xiutong Fang
- Department of Orthoapedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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10
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The contribution of immune infiltrates and the local microenvironment in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Cell Immunol 2019; 343:103711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li B, Wang S, Chen T, Ye Z. Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 31156651 PMCID: PMC6531991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Current and Emerging Targets in Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7035045. [PMID: 30693030 PMCID: PMC6332920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7035045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Although outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma have improved since the introduction of chemotherapy, outcomes of metastatic or unresectable osteosarcomas are still unsatisfactory. To improve osteosarcoma outcomes, the development of novel systemic therapies for osteosarcoma is needed. Since the 1880s, various immunotherapies have been utilized in patients with osteosarcoma and some patients have shown response to the treatment. Based on recent studies about the role of the immune system in malignancies, immunotherapies including immune modulators such as interleukin-2 and muramyl tripeptide, dendritic cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and engineered T cells have been utilized in patients with malignancies. Although there are limited reports of immunotherapies for osteosarcoma, immunotherapy is thought to be a promising treatment option for treating osteosarcomas. In this review, an overview of various immunotherapies for osteosarcoma is provided and their potential as adjuvant therapies is discussed.
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Wang Z, Li B, Ren Y, Ye Z. T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2016; 7:353. [PMID: 27683579 PMCID: PMC5021687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though combining surgery with chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, advanced, metastatic, or recurrent osteosarcomas are often non-responsive to chemotherapy, making development of novel efficient therapeutic methods an urgent need. Adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to be a useful non-surgical modality for treatment of osteosarcoma. Recently, alternative strategies, including immunotherapies using naturally occurring or genetically modified T cells, have been found to hold promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss possible T-cell-based therapies against osteosarcoma with a special emphasis on combination strategies to improve the effectiveness of adoptive T cell transfer and, thus, to provide a rationale for the clinical development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yingqing Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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