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Shen L, Zhang C, Cui K, Liang X, Zhu G, Hong L. Fer-mediated activation of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway drives the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04890-1. [PMID: 38017327 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Feline sarcoma-related protein (Fer) in various cancers has been extensively studied, but its specific involvement and underlying mechanisms in the progression of endometrial carcinoma (EC) are yet to be fully understood. METHODS The expression levels of Fer were assessed in EC tissues and cell lines using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. CCK-8 assay, Edu staining, transwell assays, and flow cytometry, were conducted to evaluate the impact of Fer on EC cells. Furthermore, a mice xenograft model and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were utilized for in vivo analysis. The levels of Ras, pMek1/2, and pErk1/2 were determined by western blot assay. Ras-MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor was utilized to study the regulatory role of Fer on EC cells. RESULTS Our findings revealed that Fer exhibited upregulation in both EC tissues and cell lines, concomitant with the activation of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway. Silencing of Fer resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Ras-MAPK signaling pathway, while promoted hypoxia-induced apoptosis in RL95-2 and KLE cells. Fer overexpression stimulated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Ras-MAPK signaling pathway in Ishikawa and AN3-CA cells, which were reversed after treatment with either Ras or MAPK inhibitor. Moreover, silencing of Fer suppressed tumor growth and downregulated the expression of Ki-67, Ras, pMek1/2, and pErk1/2, but had no significant effect on Mek1/2 and Erk1/2, while upregulated caspase-3 expression in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, the upregulation of Fer in EC cells resulted in the enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the activation of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Surgery Building, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), 19Th Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Central Lab, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Kaiying Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Surgery Building, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), 19Th Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570000, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Surgery Building, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), 19Th Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570000, China
| | - Genhai Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Surgery Building, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), 19Th Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570000, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Surgery Building, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), 19Th Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570000, China.
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Zhong L, Fang S, Wang AQ, Zhang ZH, Wang T, Huang W, Zhou HX, Zhang H, Yin ZS. Identification of the Fosl1/AMPK/autophagy axis involved in apoptotic and inflammatory effects following spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 103:108492. [PMID: 34973528 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for reducing spinal cord injury (SCI) have become a research focus because an effective treatment of SCI is unavailable. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of Fosl1 following SCI. Based on the analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, Fosl1 was found to be highly enhanced in SCI. This result was confirmed in our animal model, and Fosl1 was found to be obviously expressed in neurons. Next, we treated PC-12 cells with H2O2 to mimic injured neurons and further verified that Fosl1 silencing upregulated AMPK expression, promoted autophagy and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis. Subsequently, a special inhibitor of AMPK was used to examine the role of AMPK, and we learned that the inhibition of AMPK suppressed autophagy and promoted inflammation and apoptosis following Fosl1 silencing. These changes completely reversed the beneficial effects of Fosl1 silencing on injured PC-12 cells. Moreover, treatment with an AMPK activator resulted in effects that were opposite those of the inhibitor. Finally, rats were injected intrathecally with si-Fosl1 to detect its role in vivo. The results showed that si-Fosl1 improved neurological function and decreased apoptosis and inflammation at 14 d postoperation, and the activator further benefited the rats of si-Fosl1 treatment. In conclusion, Fosl1 inhibits autophagy and promotes inflammation and apoptosis through the AMPK signaling pathway following SCI in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China; Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - An-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital, #78 Changfeng Road, Hefei, 230041, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, #415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, #17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Ding W, Fan Y, Jia W, Pan X, Han G, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Lu Y, Wang J, Wu J, Wang X. FER Regulated by miR-206 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via NF-κB Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683878. [PMID: 34295819 PMCID: PMC8289706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Feline sarcoma-related protein (FER) is known to play a critical regulatory role in several carcinomas. However, the exact biological function of FER in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs to be investigated. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the unknown function and molecular mechanisms of FER in HCC. Materials and Methods The expression level of FER in HCC tissue samples and cells was examined by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Cellular and animal experiments were used to explore the effect of FER on the proliferative and metastatic capacities of HCC cells. The crosstalk between FER and NF-κB signaling was explored by western blot. The upstream factors that regulate FER were evaluated through dual-luciferase experiments and western blot assays. Results FER was overexpressed in HCC specimens and HCC cell lines. FER expression levels were positively associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. The higher the expression of FER was, the worse the overall survival of HCC patients was. The results of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments indicated that knockdown of FER decreased, while overexpression of FER increased, the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that FER activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also found that FER was directly regulated by miR-206, and the downregulation of miR-206 was associated with proliferation and metastatic progression in HCC. Conclusions The present research was the first to reveal that a decrease in miR-206 levels results in an increase in FER expression in HCC, leading to enhanced cell growth and metastatic abilities via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhou Ding
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Han
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwei Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Jindao Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
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Hu X, Guo Z, Xu J, Mei X, Bi M, Jiang F, Yu D, Zhong C. Role of feline sarcoma‑related protein in the viability and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5219-5226. [PMID: 31059042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline sarcoma‑related protein (Fer) is a type of nuclear and cytoplasmic non‑receptor protein tyrosine kinase, which is associated with the progression of numerous types of cancer. Previously, we identified that Fer is associated with the migration and invasion of bladder cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Fer in bladder cancer cell viability and apoptosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression levels of Fer; short interference RNA (siRNA) and overexpression vectors were used to downregulate or upregulate Fer expression, respectively. The effects on cell proliferation ability and cell apoptosis were then tested by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The results revealed that Fer expression was upregulated in bladder cancer cell lines. Downregulation of Fer expression by siRNA significantly suppressed T24 cell viability and induced apoptosis, as well as inducing cell cycle arrest. Conversely, Fer overexpression in 5637 cells significantly promoted cell viability and cell cycle progression, but inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the suppression and overexpression of Fer significantly altered the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 and Bcl‑2, and dysregulated the P38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The findings of the present study indicate a possible molecular mechanism of Fer in bladder cancer and may be considered as a potential target in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Guo
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Jifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbao Mei
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Manhua Bi
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Lu Z, Miao Z, Zhu J, Zhu G. ETS-domain containing protein (Elk1) suppression protects cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:42-49. [PMID: 30053446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ETS-domain containing protein (Elk1), which is a transcription factor, is reported to be closely related to the apoptosis of primary neurons and could be activated by hypoxia in human microvascular endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Elk1 in cortical neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. The OGD model of cortical neurons was established the anoxia/hypoglycemia-induced injury and the in vivo model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Elk1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in neurons exposed to OGD for 24 h, and mRNA expression was also markedly increased in cerebral cortex of rats with MCAO after 10 days. The knockdown of Elk1 in neurons without OGD obviously constrained Fra-1 and promoted Nrf2 expression. Also, Elk1 inhibition suppressed neuronal apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, LDH leakage, and MDA and SOD contents, while it increased cell viability in the neurons with OGD. The overexpression of Fra-1 showed a reverse effect on caspase-3 activity, cell viability and SOD contents in neurons under OGD conditions compared with Elk1 knockdown. Thus, Elk1 inhibition has a protective effect on neurons against OGD-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Lu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng( The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yancheng 224006, China
| | - Gangyi Zhu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng( The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yancheng 224006, China
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