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Conley J, Genenger B, Ashford B, Ranson M. Micro RNA Dysregulation in Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Clinical Evidence, Functional Impact, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8493. [PMID: 39126067 PMCID: PMC11313315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The keratinocyte carcinomas, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), are the most common cancers in humans. Recently, an increasing body of literature has investigated the role of miRNAs in keratinocyte carcinoma pathogenesis, progression and their use as therapeutic agents and targets, or biomarkers. However, there is very little consistency in the literature regarding the identity of and/or role of individual miRNAs in cSCC (and to a lesser extent BCC) biology. miRNA analyses that combine clinical evidence with experimental elucidation of targets and functional impact provide far more compelling evidence than studies purely based on clinical findings or bioinformatic analyses. In this study, we review the clinical evidence associated with miRNA dysregulation in KCs, assessing the quality of validation evidence provided, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for future studies based on relevant studies that investigated miRNA levels in human cSCC and BCC. Furthermore, we demonstrate how miRNAs contribute to the regulation of a diverse network of cellular functions, and that large-scale changes in tumor cell biology can be attributed to miRNA dysregulation. We highlight the need for further studies investigating the role of miRNAs as communicators between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we explore the clinical benefits of miRNAs as biomarkers of keratinocyte carcinoma prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conley
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Benjamin Genenger
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), NSW Health, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
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2
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Di Fiore R, Drago-Ferrante R, Suleiman S, Calleja N, Calleja-Agius J. The role of microRNA-9 in ovarian and cervical cancers: An updated overview. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024:108546. [PMID: 39030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian and cervical cancers are the two most frequent kind of gynaecological cancers (GCs). In spite of advances in prevention, screening and treatment, cervical cancer still leads to an increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ovarian cancer is often detected at a late stage, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available treatments. Therefore, novel methods are desperately needed to improve the clinical care of GC patients. MicroRNAs, also known as short noncoding RNAs (miRNAs/miRs), are a diverse group of RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides. These typically cause translational repression and mRNA degradation by interacting with target mRNAs' 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), together with other regions and gene promoters. Under certain conditions, they are also able to activate translation or regulate transcription. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are crucial to several biological processes leading to tumorigenesis, including GCs. Recent research has shown that miR-9 affects carcinogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of current research on the potential utility of miR-9 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian and cervical malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; BioDNA Laboratories, Malta Life Sciences Park, SGN, 3000, San Gwann, Malta.
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Neville Calleja
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
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3
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Feng H, Hu X, Yan R, Jia X, Feng H, Zhang N, Chen X. MicroRNA-124 plays an inhibitory role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells via targeting SNAI2, an immunotherapy determinant. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24671. [PMID: 38317973 PMCID: PMC10839798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play multiple roles during cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) progression. Previous studies suggest miR-124 could inhibit cancer development in CSCC. METHODS Obtained 63 pairs of CSCC and adjacent tissues for analysis. Cultured HaCaT and two CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) in DMEM (10 % FBS). Transfected cells using Lipofectamine 2000 with various miR-124 mimics, inhibitors, or Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) expression plasmid. Performed a series of assays, including real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, CCK8, wound healing, transwell, and luciferase reporter gene assay, to examine the effects of miR-124 on CSCC cells. RESULTS An evident downregulation of miR-124 in CSCC tissues, which was related to advanced disease stage and nodal metastasis. Overexpressing miR-124 could reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of CSCC cells. It was verified that miR-124 targets the SNAI2 in CSCC cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of SNAI2 rescued the suppressive effects on CSCC cells induced by miR-124 overexpression. Furthermore, miR-124 increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Besides, SNAI2 is a critical factor in the immune-related aspects of CSCC and its modulation may influence the response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that miR-124 inhibits CSCC progression through downregulating SNAI2, and thus it may be a molecular candidate for treating CSCC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Renli Yan
- Surgery Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, 850, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan Province, 415000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan Province, 415000, China
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4
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Tsang DA, Tam SYC, Oh CC. Molecular Alterations in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Hosts-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1832. [PMID: 36980718 PMCID: PMC10046480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) at the molecular level is lacking in the current literature due to the high mutational burden of this disease. Immunosuppressed patients afflicted with cSCC experience considerable morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the molecular profile of cSCC among the immunosuppressed and immunocompetent populations at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteometabolomic levels, as well as describing key differences in the tumor immune microenvironment between these two populations. We feature novel biomarkers from the recent literature which may serve as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann Tsang
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore;
| | - Steve Y. C. Tam
- Education Resource Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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Zhao Y, Song X, Song X, Xie L. Identification of Diagnostic Exosomal LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Based on the ceRNA Network. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610493. [PMID: 36185995 PMCID: PMC9522904 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The roles of exosomal competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in CRC remain unclear. In this study, we constructed an exosomal ceRNA network to identify the core ceRNAs and investigate the diagnostic biomarkers in CRC.Methods and Patients: Serum exosomes were isolated from four CRC patients and two healthy donors by ultracentrifugation, and then subjected to RNA isolation, sequencing and microarray. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed to identify functional enrichment implications of differentially expressed exosomal mRNAs. TargetScan and miRanda were used for identifying the miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-LncRNA interactions. The predicted lncRNAs and mRNAs were intersected with the differentially expressed genes, for which the screening criterion was fold change >1.5 in the microarray. Differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were identified in the GSE71008 dataset, and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were further summarized from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Results: A total of 1186 exosomal DEmRNAs, 2088 exosomal DElncRNAs and 29 exosomal miRNAs were detected in CRC patients compared to the healthy donors. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that exosomal DEmRNAs might participate in pathways related to carcinogenesis and development of cancer. An exosomal ceRNA regulatory network of CRC was constructed based on 40 lncRNAs, two miRNAs, and five mRNAs. Exosomal miR-150-5p and miR-10b-5p expression levels were increased in healthy donors compared with CRC patients in the GSE71008 dataset, and five DEmRNAs (TOMM70A, RBM48, BEND3, RHOBTB1, and ADAMTS2) were significantly upregulated in TCGA database. Two potential exosomal regulatory axes of lncRNA G016261-miR-150-5p-RBM48 and lncRNA XLOC_011677-miR-10b-5p-BEND3 were identified from the network.Conclusion: The current study revealed potential molecular biological regulation pathways and diagnostic biomarkers through the exosomal ceRNA regulatory network.
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6
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Liu F, Li S. Non-coding RNAs in skin cancers:Biological roles and molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934396. [PMID: 36034860 PMCID: PMC9399465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma, are common human tumors. The incidence of cutaneous malignancies is increasing worldwide, and the leading cause of death is malignant invasion and metastasis. The molecular biology of oncogenes has drawn researchers’ attention because of the potential for targeted therapies. Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been studied extensively in recent years. This review summarizes the aspects of noncoding RNAs related to the metastasis mechanism of skin malignancies. Continuous research may facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and help elucidate the mechanism of tumor metastasis, thus providing new opportunities to improve the survival rate of patients with skin malignancies.
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Marjanovic J, Ramirez HA, Jozic I, Stone RC, Wikramanayake TC, Head CR, Abdo Abujamra B, Ojeh N, Kirsner RS, Lev-Tov H, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Dichotomous role of miR193b-3p in diabetic foot ulcers maintains inhibition of healing and suppression of tumor formation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg8397. [PMID: 35544594 PMCID: PMC9707408 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the hyperproliferative environment marked by activation of β-catenin and overexpression of c-myc, the epidermis surrounding chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is clinically hypertrophic and nonmigratory yet does not undergo malignant transformation. We identified miR193b-3p as a master regulator that contributes to this unique cellular phenotype. We determined that induction of tumor suppressor miR193b-3p is a unique feature of DFUs that is not found in venous leg ulcers, acute wounds, or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Genomic analyses of DFUs identified suppression of the miR193b-3p target gene network that orchestrates cell motility. Inhibition of migration and wound closure was further confirmed by overexpression of miR193b-3p in human organotypic and murine in vivo wound models, whereas miR193b-3p knockdown accelerated wound reepithelialization in human ex vivo and diabetic murine wounds in vivo. The dominant negative effect of miR193b-3p on keratinocyte migration was maintained in the presence of promigratory miR31-5p and miR15b-5p, which were also overexpressed in DFUs. miR193b-3p mediated antimigratory activity by disrupting stress fiber formation and by decreasing activity of GTPase RhoA. Conversely, miR193b-3p targets that typically participate in malignant transformation were found to be differentially regulated between DFUs and SCC, including the proto-oncogenes KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene) and KIT (KIT proto-oncogene). Although miR193b-3p acts as a tumor suppressor contributing to low tumor incidence in DFUs, it also acts as a master inhibitor of cellular migration and epithelialization in DFUs. Thus, miR193b-3p may represent a target for wound healing induction, cancer therapeutics, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marjanovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Horacio A Ramirez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Head
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Beatriz Abdo Abujamra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Droll S, Bao X. Oh, the Mutations You'll Acquire! A Systematic Overview of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:89-119. [PMID: 34553848 PMCID: PMC8579759 DOI: 10.33594/000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly two million cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are diagnosed every year in the United States alone. cSCC is notable for both its prevalence and its propensity for invasion and metastasis. For many patients, surgery is curative. However, patients experiencing immunosuppression or recurrent, advanced, and metastatic disease still face limited therapeutic options and significant mortality. cSCC forms after decades of sun exposure and possesses the highest known mutation rate of all cancers. This mutational burden complicates efforts to identify the primary factors driving cSCC initiation and progression, which in turn hinders the development of targeted therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the mutations and alterations that have been observed in patients’ cSCC tumors, affecting signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and the microenvironment. We also highlight novel therapeutic opportunities in development and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie Droll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, .,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yu L, Liu J, Zhang TD, Zheng XF, Luo DL, Zhu WL, Qiu XW, Guo LL. Decreased TMEM40 expression is associated with malignant behavior of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and inhibits tumor progression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:606. [PMID: 34188708 PMCID: PMC8227547 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer in humans worldwide. The identification and characterization of cancer-associated transmembrane proteins are important for understanding the molecular biology of CSCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression pattern of transmembrane protein 40 (TMEM40) in CSCC and its clinical significance. The underlying mechanisms were also examined. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to determine the relative expression of TMEM40 in CSCC cell lines and clinical tissue samples. The effect of TMEM40 gene silencing on cell proliferation was also evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Wound healing assays, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to explore the migration, cell cycle distribution/apoptosis and invasion of CSCC cells following TMEM40 silencing, respectively. In the present study, increased TMEM40 expression was observed in CSCC tissue samples, compared with normal skin, and TMEM40 expression was associated with large tumor size in patients with CSCC. In vitro functional assays indicated that TMEM40 was involved in the regulation of A431 and SCL1 cell growth through its effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Silencing TMEM40 in A431 and SCL1 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. In addition, migration and invasion were significantly inhibited following silencing of TMEM40 expression in CSCC cells. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that reduced TMEM40 expression could inhibit CSCC development and that TMEM40 may represent a therapeutic target in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Tang-De Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Fen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Lan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Liang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Yang J, Wan J, Dong X, Deng L. MicroRNA-200c Prevents Progress of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Fyn (FYN). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a malignant skin tumor, begins in the epidermis and the keratinocytes of the skin appendages. However, the cause remains unclear. MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c), a key modulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been reported to act
as an anticancer gene in a variety of cancers. However, its role and partial mechanism in cSCC remain undetermined. The results of this study showed depleted levels of miR-200c in cSCC tissues. Its suppressive effects on cell proliferation, and motility, as well as its apoptosis-promoting
effect, were observed in the A-431 cells. Additionally, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assays revealed that FYN acted as a direct target of miR-200c, and FYN knockdown exerted had similar impact as that of miR-200c overexpression, including increased cellular apoptosis and decreased
cellular growth. These results emphasized the onco-suppressive nature of miR-200c, which was evident based on its interaction with FYN in cSCC. This finding could have potential benefits in developing cSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Gerloff D, Sunderkötter C, Wohlrab J. Importance of microRNAs in Skin Oncogenesis and Their Suitability as Agents and Targets for Topical Therapy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:270-279. [PMID: 33080592 DOI: 10.1159/000509879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with rapidly increasing incidence and consistent mortality. Skin cancer encompasses melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, which in turn is mainly divided into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Small noncoding micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein expression after transcription and play a role in the development and progression of skin cancer. Deregulated expression of miRNAs in skin cancer is associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, immune response, and drug resistance. Specific patterns of miRNAs in specific skin cancer types can be used as diagnostic markers. For therapeutic purposes, both miRNA and chemically modified variants thereof as well as miRNA antagonists (antagomiRs) or RNA inhibitors may be applied topically. Due to their specific physicochemical properties, physical or chemical diffusion promoters are used with varying degrees of success. There is no question by now that such preparations have a high potential for the treatment of epithelial skin tumors in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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12
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Garofoli M, Volpicella M, Guida M, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Factor, Predictor of Drug Response or Resistance and Pharmacological Targets, in the Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092552. [PMID: 32911687 PMCID: PMC7565940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most common keratinocyte-derived skin cancer in the Caucasian population. Exposure to UV radiations (UVRs) represents the main risk carcinogenesis, causing a considerable accumulation of DNA damage in epidermal keratinocytes with an uncontrolled hyperproliferation and tumor development. The limited and rarely durable response of CSCC to the current therapeutic options has led researchers to look for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, the multi-omics approaches have contributed to the identification and prediction of the key role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circularRNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of several cellular processes in different tumor types, including CSCC. ncRNAs can modulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional events by interacting either with each other or with DNA and proteins, such as transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. In this review, the implication of ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human CSCC are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Garofoli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-555-5986
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Lee AY. The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165781. [PMID: 32806619 PMCID: PMC7460865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature through its activation of novel PPARγ target genes in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. RECENT FINDINGS In vascular endothelial cells, PPARγ plays a protective role by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and preventing oxidative stress. RBP7 is a PPARγ target gene enriched in vascular endothelial cells, which is likely to form a positive feedback loop with PPARγ. In vascular smooth muscle cells, PPARγ antagonizes the renin-angiotensin system, maintains vascular integrity, suppresses vasoconstriction, and promotes vasodilation through distinct pathways. Rho-related BTB domain containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) is a novel PPARγ gene target in vascular smooth muscle cells that mediates the protective effect of PPARγ by serving as a substrate adaptor between the Cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase and phosphodiesterase 5, thus restraining its activity through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SUMMARY In the vasculature, PPARγ exerts its cardioprotective effect through its transcriptional activity in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. From the understanding of PPARγ's transcription targets in those pathways, novel hypertension therapy target(s) will emerge.
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Deciphering the Molecular Landscape of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Better Diagnosis and Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072228. [PMID: 32674318 PMCID: PMC7408826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of neoplasia, representing a terrible burden on patients' life and clinical management. Although it seldom metastasizes, and most cases can be effectively treated with surgical intervention, once metastatic cSCC displays considerable aggressiveness leading to the death of affected individuals. No consensus has been reached as to which features better characterize the aggressive behavior of cSCC, an achievement hindered by the high mutational burden caused by chronic ultraviolet light exposure. Even though some subtypes have been recognized as high risk variants, depending on certain tumor features, cSCC that are normally thought of as low risk could pose an increased danger to the patients. In light of this, specific genetic and epigenetic markers for cutaneous SCC, which could serve as reliable diagnostic markers and possible targets for novel treatment development, have been searched for. This review aims to give an overview of the mutational landscape of cSCC, pointing out established biomarkers, as well as novel candidates, and future possible molecular therapies for cSCC.
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16
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MicroRNA Dysregulation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092181. [PMID: 31052530 PMCID: PMC6540078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions and diseases. In cancer, miRNAs can proceed either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (oncosuppressor-miRs), depending on the pathway in which they are involved. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in most of the tumors evaluated. MiRNA dysregulation is known to be involved in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this review, we focus on the recent evidence about the role of miRNAs in the development of CSCC and in the prognosis of this form of skin cancer.
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Hu X, Liu Y, Ai P, He S, Liu L, Chen C, Tan Y, Wang T. MicroRNA-186 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting RETREG1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1930-1938. [PMID: 30867688 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of human malignancies, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). miR-186 serves a suppressive role in certain common types of human cancer; however, its exact function in CSCC has not been reported previously. In the present study, the expression of miR-186 was significantly increased in CSCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues. Overexpression of miR-186 significantly promoted CSCC cell proliferation while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Reticulophagy regulator 1 (RETREG1), a gene that is significantly downregulated in CSCC tissues and cell lines, was identified as a novel target of miR-186. In addition, the expression of RETREG1 was inversely correlated with miR-186 expression in CSCC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of RETREG1 was negatively regulated by miR-186 in CSCC cells, and restoration of RETREG1 attenuated the effects of miR-186 on CSCC cells. Taken together, the results of the current study suggest that miR-186 serves an oncogenic role in CSCC and may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinde Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, Second People's Hospital of Shaoyang City, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Second People's Hospital of Shaoyang City, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Shaoyang City, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang He
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Chaoying Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Tan
- Hanpu Science and Teaching Park, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Hanpu Science and Teaching Park, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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18
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Li Y, Quan J, Chen F, Pan X, Zhuang C, Xiong T, Zhuang C, Li J, Huang X, Ye J, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Gui Y. MiR-31-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:517-526. [PMID: 30597305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 90% of cancers in the kidney. RCC is often asymptomatic, as a result people with RCC generally have advanced disease by the time it is discovered and has a poor prognosis compared to other cancers. Therefore, it is necessary to explore its pathogenesis and identify some reliable prognostic biomarker of RCC. miRNAs are emerging as important players in the development and progression of RCC. miR-31-5p has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to determine the detailed molecular mechanism of miR-31-5p in the progression of RCC and to investigate its potential clinical value. METHODS In this study, RT-qPCR, EdU assay, CCK-8 assay, wound scratch assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry assay and cell cycle assay were performed to detect miR-31-5p expression and its functions in RCC. Moreover, 42 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) RCC samples were used to analyze the relationship between miR-31-5p expression and patients' overall survival. Finally, luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR assay and western blot were used to explore the association between miR-31-5p and its potential targets. RESULTS miR-31-5p was significantly down-regulated in RCC tissues and RCC cell lines compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and normal cell lines. miR-31-5p downregulation was associated with poor prognosis in RCC patients. Overexpression of miR-31-5p inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and cell cycle. Conversely, down-regulation of miR-31-5p promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, cyclin-dependent kinasec1 (CDK1), a key player in cell cycle regulation, was identified as a functional target of miR-31-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that miR-31-5p serves as a tumor suppressor in RCC and is expected to be a molecular biomarker for poor prognosis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Changshui Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Tiefu Xiong
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Chengle Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jianfa Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xinbo Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fangting Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Yu T, Ma P, Wu D, Shu Y, Gao W. Functions and mechanisms of microRNA-31 in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1162-1169. [PMID: 30372817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs can exhibit opposite functions in different tumors. MiR-31 is a representative example as it can not only enhance tumor development and progression in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and so on, but also inhibit tumorigenesis and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and etc. The mechanism underlying its' pleiotropy remains unknown. Several recent studies that focused on the global gene expression changes caused by aberrant miR-31 provided information on the upstream and downstream events associated with deregulated miR-31. MiR-31 might interact with a number of signaling pathways including RAS/MARK, PI3K/AKT and RB/E2F to play its opposite functions. This review summarizes the target genes and pathways associated with miR-31 and examines the mechanisms underlying the function of miR-31. The resulting hypothesis is possible that the tissue-specific features of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer and the positive feedback loop consists of miR-31 and its upstream and downstream may account for the diversity of miR-31 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Deqin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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20
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Yanagi T, Kitamura S, Hata H. Novel Therapeutic Targets in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:79. [PMID: 29629337 PMCID: PMC5876309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the common cancers in Caucasians, accounting for 20–30% of cutaneous malignancies. The risk of metastasis is low in most patients; however, aggressive SCC is associated with very high mortality and morbidity. Although cutaneous SCC can be treated with surgical removal, radiation and chemotherapy singly or in combination, the prognosis of patients with metastatic SCC is poor. Recently, the usage of immune checkpoint blockades has come under consideration. To develop effective therapies that are less toxic than existing ones, it is crucial to achieve a detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in cutaneous SCC pathogenesis and to identify new drug targets. Recent studies have identified novel molecules that are associated with SCC carcinogenesis and progression. This review focuses on recent advances in molecular studies involving SCC tumor development, as well as in new therapeutics that have become available to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Yanagi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kitamura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hata
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Konicke K, López-Luna A, Muñoz-Carrillo JL, Servín-González LS, Flores-de la Torre A, Olasz E, Lazarova Z. The microRNA landscape of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:864-870. [PMID: 29317340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocyte-derived skin tumor. It is the second-most-common cancer affecting the Caucasian population and is responsible for >20% of all skin-cancer-related deaths. The estimated incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the USA is >1000000 cases per year, of which roughly 20-30% are squamous cell carcinoma. To better understand and treat this challenging cancer, current research focuses on development of novel strategies to improve the understanding of tumor biogenesis on an individual basis. microRNAs are becoming important biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cSCC. This review describes the current knowledge on miRNA expression in cSCC and its role as a biomarker for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Konicke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - José Luis Muñoz-Carrillo
- Faculty of Odontology, School of Biomedical Sciences of the Cuauhtémoc University Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Edit Olasz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zelmira Lazarova
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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22
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Bai X, Zhou Y, Chen P, Yang M, Xu J. MicroRNA-142-5p induces cancer stem cell-like properties of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via inhibiting PTEN. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2179-2188. [PMID: 28857248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignancy of keratinocyte-derived skin tumor, which is regarded as the second most common skin cancer worldwide. Accumulating evidence has established that microRNAs (miRNAs) can play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis including cSCC. Abnormal expression of hsa-miR-142-5p has been elaborated in various tumors. Nevertheless, its expression and function in the development of cSCC remain unclear. In our study, we found that the expression of hsa-miR-142-5p in cSCC cells were greatly overexpressed compared to human benign epidermal keratinocyte cells. Moreover, inhibited hsa-miR-142-5p can repress cSCC cell growth and induce apoptosis while upregulated hsa-miR-142-5p exhibited a reverse phenomenon. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess the ability of self-renewal and proliferation and are able to produce cancer cells have been widely reported. However, the correlation between hsa-miR-142-5p and CSCs in cSCC is still unknown. Interestingly, we observed that overexpressing hsa-miR-142-5p can induce CSC-like properties in cSCC via activating Wnt signaling. In addition, the luciferase reporter assay data and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that hsa-miR-142-5p can target the 3'UTR of PTEN mRNA. Taken these together, we draw a conclusion that hsa-miR-142-5p can trigger cancer stem cell-like properties of cSCC through inhibition of PTEN. Our findings may provide hsa-miR-142-5p as a new therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Sun X, Xu M, Liu H, Ming K. MicroRNA-219 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and inhibits cell growth and metastasis by targeting HMGA2. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3557-3564. [PMID: 28714014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant type of lung cancer, and accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases. An increasing number of studies suggest that microRNAs (miRs) may be involved in the regulation of NSCLC carcinogenesis and progression. However, the expression and function of miRNA-219 in NSCLC, and its underlying mechanisms of action, remain unknown. In the present study, miR-219 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following transfection with miR-219 mimics, the effects of miR-219 overexpression on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined. Furthermore, the miR-219 target in NSCLC was investigated. miR-219 was observed to be downregulated in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. In addition, miR-219 was demonstrated to function as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) was identified to be a direct target of miR-219 in NSCLC, and downregulation of HMGA2 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. HMGA2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and was inversely correlated with miR-219 expression. In conclusion, miR-219 functions as a tumor suppressor and may be important in inhibiting the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells via directly targeting HMGA2. Therefore, miR-219 may present a potential novel therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Kunxiu Ming
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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