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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Sun J. A novel prognostic signature and potential therapeutic drugs based on tumor immune microenvironment characterization in breast cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20798. [PMID: 37860520 PMCID: PMC10582509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely correlated to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, however its potentiality in assisting diagnosis and therapeutic decision remains unclear. Therefore, the major aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value of TME related gene in breast cancer. Expression matrices and clinical data of breast cancer obtained from public databases were divided into TME relevant clusters according to immune characterization. A 12-gene molecular classifier was generated through the utilization of differentially expressed genes identified between distinct Tumor Microenvironment (TME) clusters, coupled with correlative regression analysis. The performance of this TME-driven prognostic signature (TPS) were examined across both the training and validation cohorts. Furthermore, our study revealed that breast cancer cases classified as high-risk based on the TPS exhibited the phenotype with elevated immune cell infiltration, higher tumor mutational burden, and a notably worse overall prognostic outcome. To conclude, the novel TME-based TPS was able to serve as a superior prognosis indicator for breast cancer, alone or jointly with other clinical factors. Also, breast cancer patients belong to different risk subgroups of TPS were found potentially suitable for distinguished therapeutic agents, which might improve personalized treatment for breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mingrui Zhou
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department I, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, PR China
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Singh S, Shukla R. Key Signaling Pathways Engaged in Cancer Management: Current Update. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180904122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
<P>Background: Till today cancer is still challenging to treat and needs more active therapeutic approaches. Participation of complex multi-pathway cell propagation instrument is a noteworthy issue in creating active anticancer therapeutic methodologies. Immune evasions, metabolic modifications, imperfect apoptotic component, modification in upstream or downstream RAS signaling, altered nuclear factor kappa B actions, imbalanced autophagy design and distortedly controlled angiogenesis are distinguishing features of cancer. </P><P> Methods: On the basis of systemic research and analysis of the current online available database, we analyzed and reported about the key signaling pathway engaged with cancer development outlining the effectiveness of different therapeutic measures and targets that have been created or are being researched to obstruct the cancer development. </P><P> Results: A number of signaling pathways, for example, resistant, metabolism, apoptosis, RAS protein, nuclear factor kappa B, autophagy, and angiogenesis have been perceived as targets for drug treatment to control the advancement, development and administration of cancer. </P><P> Conclusion: A noteworthy challenge for future medication advancement is to detail a synthesis treatment influencing distinctive targets to enhance the treatment of cancer.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli-229010 (U.P.), India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli-229010 (U.P.), India
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Safavi A, Kefayat A, Abiri A, Mahdevar E, Behnia AH, Ghahremani F. In silico analysis of transmembrane protein 31 (TMEM31) antigen to design novel multiepitope peptide and DNA cancer vaccines against melanoma. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:93-102. [PMID: 31079006 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiepitope cancer vaccines are announcing themselves as the future of melanoma treatment. Herein, high immunogenic regions of transmembrane protein 31 (TMEM31) antigen were selected according to cytotoxic T lymphocytes' (CTL) epitopes and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding affinity through in silico analyses. The 32-62, 77-105, and 125-165 residues of the TMEM31 were selected as the immunodominant fragments. They were linked together by RVRR and HEYGAEALERAG motifs to improve epitopes separation and presentation. In addition, to activate helper T lymphocytes (HTL), Pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) peptide sequence and tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFrC) were incorporated into the final construct. Also, the Beta-defensin conserved domain was utilized in the final construct as a novel adjuvant for Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor (TLR4-MD) activation. The CTL epitopes, cleavage sites, post-translational modifications, TAP transport efficiency, and B cells epitopes were predicted for the peptide vaccine. The final construct contained multiple CTL and B cell epitopes. In addition, it showed 93.55% and 99.13% population coverage in the world for HLA I and HLA II, respectively. According to these preliminary results, the multiepitope cancer vaccine can be an appropriate choice for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Mahdevar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of the Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Antigenic Targets for the Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020134. [PMID: 30678059 PMCID: PMC6406328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to preventing relapse is the stimulation of the body’s own immune system to kill residual cancer cells after conventional therapy has destroyed the bulk of the tumour. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the high frequency with which patients achieve first remission, and the diffuse nature of the disease throughout the periphery, makes immunotherapy particularly appealing following induction and consolidation therapy, using chemotherapy, and where possible stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy could be used to remove residual disease, including leukaemic stem cells from the farthest recesses of the body, reducing, if not eliminating, the prospect of relapse. The identification of novel antigens that exist at disease presentation and can act as targets for immunotherapy have also proved useful in helping us to gain a better understand of the biology that belies AML. It appears that there is an additional function of leukaemia associated antigens as biomarkers of disease state and survival. Here, we discuss these findings.
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Li HT, Chen ZG, Lin YS, Liu H, Ye J, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL, Zhang TT. CpG-ODNs and Budesonide Act Synergistically to Improve Allergic Responses in Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome Induced by Chronic Exposure to Ovalbumin by Modulating the TSLP-DC-OX40L Axis. Inflammation 2018; 41:1304-1320. [PMID: 29654433 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The experimental model of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) has shown that CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potential inhibitors of type 2 helper cell-driven inflammatory responses. Currently available CpG-ODNs modestly inhibit allergic responses in CARAS, while a combination strategy for upper airway treatment by co-administration of CpG-ODNs and glucocorticoids may show good efficacy. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of CpG-ODNs combined with budesonide (BUD) on upper and lower-airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with CARAS induced by chronic exposure to ovalbumin (OVA), exploring the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. A BALB/c mouse model of chronic CARAS was established by systemic sensitization and repeated challenge with OVA. Treatment with CpG-ODNs or BUD by intranasal administration was started 1 h after OVA challenge. Then, nasal mucosa and lung tissues were fixed and stained for pathologic analysis. The resulting immunologic variables and TSLP-DC-OX40L axis parameters were evaluated. Both CpG-ODNs and BUD intranasal administration are effective on reducing Th2-type airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. Co-administration of CpG-ODNs and BUD was more effective than each monotherapy in attenuating upper and lower-airway inflammation as well as airway remodeling in chronic CARAS. Notably, combination of CpG-ODNs with BUD modulated the TSLP-DC-OX40L axis, as demonstrated by decreased TSLP production in the nose and lung, alongside decreased TSLPR and OX40L in DC. Intranasal co-administration of CpG-ODNs and BUD synergistically alleviates airway inflammation and tissue remodeling in experimental chronic CARAS, through shared cellular pathways, as a potent antagonist of the TSLP-DC-OX40L axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Faramarzi S, Ghafouri-Fard S. Melanoma: a prototype of cancer-testis antigen-expressing malignancies. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:1103-1113. [PMID: 29032737 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the first malignancy in which expression and immunogenicity of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) have been documented. Several CTAs have been shown to be expressed in melanoma samples especially those with metastatic potential. Many of them have been shown to exert oncogenic effects through modulation of essential pathways involved in melanoma. The crucial role of CTAs in the pathogenesis of melanoma, the high prevalence of expression of CTA panels in melanoma and the presence of spontaneous as well as inducible immune responses against CTAs in melanoma patients potentiate CTAs as immunotherapeutic targets. Numerous clinical trials are now ongoing to evaluate CTA-based immunotherapeutic effects in melanoma patient's survival. NY-ESO-1 and MAGE antigens have the most promising results up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Review of cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors : Current concepts, expectations, limitations and pitfalls. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 130:85-91. [PMID: 29098404 PMCID: PMC5816095 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibition is about to profoundly change cancer therapy. The number of indications are growing at an unprecedented speed. Clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy in a variety of solid tumors and in hematologic malignancies, although some clinical trials have produced negative results. Thus, it is fair to assume that there are obvious limitations and pitfalls in immunotherapy. Future concepts for combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors have to be developed, but there is also urgent need for better and standardized biomarkers to identify those cancer patients who will benefit from treatment by checkpoint inhibition. The current overview summarizes current knowledge on immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in malignancies, its outlook and limitations, diagnostic means and, finally, side effect management.
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