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Samus M, Rot A. Atypical chemokine receptors in cancer. Cytokine 2024; 176:156504. [PMID: 38266462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are a group of seven-transmembrane spanning serpentine receptors that are structurally homologous to classical G-protein-coupled receptors and bind cognate chemokines with high affinities but do not signal via G-proteins or mediate cell migration. However, ACKRs efficiently modify the availability and function of chemokines in defined microanatomical environments, can signal via intracellular effectors other than G-proteins, and play complex roles in physiology and disease, including in cancer. In this review, we summarize the findings on the diverse contributions of individual ACKRs to cancer development, progression, and tumor-host interactions. We discuss how changes in ACKR expression within tumor affect cancer growth, tumor vascularization, leukocyte infiltration, and metastasis formation, ultimately resulting in differential disease outcomes. Across many studies, ACKR3 expression was shown to support tumor growth and dissemination, whereas ACKR1, ACKR2, and ACKR4 in tumors were more likely to contribute to tumor suppression. With few notable exceptions, the insights on molecular and cellular mechanisms of ACKRs activities in cancer remain sparse, and the intricacies of their involvement are not fully appreciated. This is particularly true for ACKR1, ACKR2 and ACKR4. A better understanding of how ACKR expression and functions impact cancer should pave the way for their future targeting by new and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Samus
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany.
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2
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Lin J, Liang F, Zheng L, Zeng J, Lin J. High expression of ACKR1 predicts a good prognosis and suppresses sarcoma cell progression via regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:121-136. [PMID: 38006471 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue with a poor prognosis. Atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1) is found closely related to cancer progression. However, the effects of ACKR1 in soft tissue sarcoma have not been well investigated. Therefore, our present study is devoted to analyze the functions of ACKR1 in sarcoma progression and its potential mechanism. We detected the expression of ACKR1 in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-pan-cancer database, TCGA-Sarcoma from TCGA databases, and GSE21122 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The relationships between ACKR1 expression, clinicopathological data, and survival status were evaluated in the TCGA-Sarcoma database. Moreover, overexpression negative control (OE-NC) and overexpression ACKR1 (OE-ACKR1) were used to further verify the effects of ACKR1 overexpression in the progression of sarcoma cells by using Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethyny-2'-Deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing, transwell assay, and flow cytometry assays. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses were carried out to explore the potential enriched biological process of ACKR1 expression in sarcoma. Furthermore, tumor-immune system interactions databases (TISIDB) were applied to further confirm the relations between ACKR1 and tumor immune microenvironment in sarcoma. Our study found that ACKR1 is downregulated in multiple cancers (including sarcoma), and low expression of ACKR1 is related to poor survival status in sarcoma. The biological experiments found that promoting expression of ACKR1 can suppress sarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, promote cell apoptosis, and arrest cell cycle. The GO-KEGG, GSEA, and TISIDB analysis showed that ACKR1 is related to the tumor immune microenvironment. In conclusion, low expression of ACKR1 presented as an independent prognostic biomarker in sarcoma. Overexpression of ACKR1 can significantly suppress cell progression ability in sarcoma by regulating the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinluan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Fude Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Lifeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jinyuan Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Masoudi E, Soleimani M, Zarinfard G, Homayoun M, Bakhtiari M. The effects of chitosan-loaded JQ1 nanoparticles on OVCAR-3 cell cycle and apoptosis-related gene expression. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:53-63. [PMID: 39006975 PMCID: PMC11244706 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer. Bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins play major roles in the regulation of gene expression at the epigenetic level. Jun Qi (JQ1) is a potent inhibitor of BET proteins. Regarding the short half-life and poor pharmacokinetic profile, JQ1 was loaded into newly developed nano-carriers. Chitosan nanoparticles are one of the best and potential polymers in cancer treatment. The present study aimed to build chitosan-JQl nanoparticles (Ch-J-NPs), treat OVCAR-3 cells with Ch-J-NPs, and evaluate the effects of these nanoparticles on cell cycle and apoptosis-associated genes. Experimental approach Ch-J-NPs were synthesized and characterized. The size and morphology of Ch-J-NPs were defined by DLS and FE-SEM techniques. OVCAR-3 cells were cultured and treated with Ch-J-NPs. Then, IC50 was measured using MTT assay. The groups were defined and cells were treated with IC50 concentration of Ch-J-NPs, for 48 h. Finally, cells in different groups were assessed for the expression of genes of interest using quantitative RT-PCR. Findings/Results IC50 values for Ch-J-NPs were 5.625 μg/mL. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of genes associated with cell cycle activity (c-MYC, hTERT, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6) was significantly decreased following treatment of cancer cells with Ch-J-NPs. Conversely, the expression of caspase-3, and caspase-9 significantly increased. BAX (pro-apoptotic) to BCL2 (anti-apoptotic) expression ratio, also increased significantly after treatment of cells with Ch-J-NPs. Conclusion and implications Ch-J-NPs showed significant anti-cell cyclic and apoptotic effects on OVCAR-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Masoudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Soleimani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Giti Zarinfard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Homayoun
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Behbahan University of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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Pant A, Moar K, Arora TK, Maurya PK. Implication of biosignatures in the progression of endometriosis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155103. [PMID: 38237401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disorder involving the placement and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is the most common multifactorial disease that affects the life quality of women in reproductive age. Due to its multicomponent nature, early diagnosis of the disease is challenging. Since many genetic, epigenetic alterations and non-genetic factors contribute to the pathology of endometriosis, devising a drug therapy that directly acts on the ectopic tissue is extremely difficult. Endometriosis is a hormone-driven disease with estrogen considered as a primary driver for the development of endometriotic lesions. This study aims to identify biosignatures involved in endometriosis with and without gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa). GnRHa is a short peptide analog of GnRH that causes inhibition of estrogen and androgen synthesis. Microarray based-gene expression profiling was performed on total RNA extracted from endometriotic tissue samples with and without GnRHa-treated patients already published in our previous paper. The untreated group were considered as the control. Genes were then selected for validation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). qRT-PCR analysis confirmed significant downregulation in(p < 0.05) expression of DARC (p = 0.0042), CDH1 (p = 0.0027), CDH5 (p = 0.0283), ATP2A3 (p < 0.001), RGS5 (p = 0.0032), and CD36 (p = 0.0162) in endometriosis patients treated with GnRHa analogs. Although, CTNNAL1 (p = 0.0136) also showed significant results but there was upregulation in their expression levels after GnRHa treatment. Thus, an altered expression of these genes makes them a possible candidate determinant of endometriosis treated with GnRHa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Taruna K Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Child Health Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India.
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Mukherjee A, Debnath S, Bhowmik A, Biswas S. DNA interactive property of poly-L-lysine induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through DNA interaction. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23378. [PMID: 37114286 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is known to be an encapsulating agent in drug formulation and delivery. PLL also has apoptotic and antiproliferative activities that enable blocking of the tumorigenesis process. However, the dose-selective activities of PLL in exerting apoptosis against cancer are unclear. Therefore, this study has been designed to explore the potential role and dose of PLL in apoptosis, if any. For this, PLL was administered at several doses in cancer cell lines and was found to be more potent against MCF-7 cells. PLL causes mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death through the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this activity, we have analyzed if PLL could have the DNA interactive property or not. For this, molecular docking analysis was carried out to prove whether it has the property to bind with DNA or not. Studies have revealed that PLL is a potent DNA binder and it probably performs such apoptotic activities through the binding of cellular DNA early in an exposure. Simultaneous upregulation of both ROS-mediated stress and also in key protein expressions like γ-H2AX could also help us to confirm that PLL induces apoptosis through DNA interaction. This finding leads us to believe that PLL could play an interfering role with other chemotherapeutic compounds when used as a drug-coating material as it exerts an apoptotic effect on cancer cells, which should be avoided by using a much lower concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Debnath
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Souradeep Biswas
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Barczak K, Łagocka R, Brodowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Involvement in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Significance of CXCL1 in Reproductive Cancers: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087262. [PMID: 37108425 PMCID: PMC10139049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily and a ligand for CXCR2. Its main function in the immune system is the chemoattraction of neutrophils. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the significance of CXCL1 in cancer processes. To fill this gap, this work describes the clinical significance and participation of CXCL1 in cancer processes in the most important reproductive cancers: breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The focus is on both clinical aspects and the significance of CXCL1 in molecular cancer processes. We describe the association of CXCL1 with clinical features of tumors, including prognosis, ER, PR and HER2 status, and TNM stage. We present the molecular contribution of CXCL1 to chemoresistance and radioresistance in selected tumors and its influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Additionally, we present the impact of CXCL1 on the microenvironment of reproductive cancers, including its effect on angiogenesis, recruitment, and function of cancer-associated cells (macrophages, neutrophils, MDSC, and Treg). The article concludes by summarizing the significance of introducing drugs targeting CXCL1. This paper also discusses the significance of ACKR1/DARC in reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryta Łagocka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Al-Sha'er MA, Basheer HA, Taha MO. Discovery of new PKN2 inhibitory chemotypes via QSAR-guided selection of docking-based pharmacophores. Mol Divers 2023; 27:443-462. [PMID: 35507210 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 (PKN2) plays an important role in cell cycle progression, cell migration, cell adhesion and transcription activation signaling processes. In cancer, however, it plays important roles in tumor cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. PKN2 inhibitors have been shown to be promising in treating cancer. This prompted us to model this interesting target using our QSAR-guided selection of docking-based pharmacophores approach where numerous pharmacophores are extracted from docked ligand poses and allowed to compete within the context of QSAR. The optimal pharmacophore was sterically-refined, validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and used as virtual search query to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database for new promising anti-PKN2 leads of novel chemotypes. Three low micromolar hits were identified with IC50 values ranging between 9.9 and 18.6 µM. Pharmacological assays showed promising cytotoxic properties for active hits in MTT and wound healing assays against MCF-7 and PANC-1 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Al-Sha'er
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan.
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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El-Amier YA, Zaghloul NS, Abd-ElGawad AM. Bioactive Chemical Constituents of Matthiola longipetala Extract Showed Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Potency. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:53. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of bioactive compounds from natural resources attracts the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide. M. longipetala is an annual aromatic herb that emits a pleasant odor during the night. Regarding the chemical composition and biological characteristics, M. longipetala extracts are poorly studied. The current study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of M. longipetala methanol extract using GC-MS and determine its biological potencies, including its capacity for cytotoxicity and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this approach, 37 components were identified, representing 99.98% of the total mass. The major chemical components can be classified as oxygenated hydrocarbons (19.15%), carbohydrates (10.21%), amines (4.85%), terpenoids (12.71%), fatty acids and lipids (50.8%), and steroids (2.26%). The major identified compounds were ascaridole epoxide (monoterpene, 12.71%) and methyl (E)-octadec-11-enoate (ester of fatty acid, 12.21%). The extract of M. longipetala showed substantial antioxidant activity. Based on the DPPH and ABTS scavenging, the antioxidant activity of the extracted components of M. longipetala revealed that leaf extract is the most effective with IC50 values of 31.47 and 28.94 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the extracted plant showed low antibacterial activities against diverse bacterial species, viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. aureus. The most potent antibacterial results were documented for leaf and flower extracts against E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, the extract’s effectiveness against HepG2 cells was evaluated in vitro using the measures of MTT, DNA fragmentation, and cell proliferation cycle, where it showed considerable activity. Therefore, we can conclude that M. longipetala extract displayed improvement in cytocompatibility and cell migration properties. In conclusion, M. longipetala could be considered a potential candidate for various bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. However, further characterization of the identified compounds, particularly the major compounds, is recommended to evaluate their efficacy, modes of action, and safety.
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Investigation and Biological Assessment of Rumex vesicarius L. Extract: Characterization of the Chemical Components and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Dengue Vector Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103177. [PMID: 35630653 PMCID: PMC9147116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the biological potency and chemical composition of Rumex vesicarius aboveground parts using GC-MS. In this approach, 44 components were investigated, comprising 99.99% of the total volatile compounds. The major components were classified as fatty acids and lipids (51.36%), oxygenated hydrocarbons (33.59%), amines (7.35%), carbohydrates (6.06%), steroids (1.21%), and alkaloids (0.42%). The major components were interpreted as 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl oleate (oxygenated hydrocarbons, 18.96%), ethyl 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate (ester of fatty acid, 17.56%), and 2-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol (oxygenated hydrocarbons, 11.18%). The DPPH antioxidant activity of the extracted components of R. vesicarius verified that the shoot extract was the most potent with IC50 = 28.89 mg/L, with the percentages of radical scavenging activity at 74.28% ± 3.51%. The extracted plant, on the other hand, showed substantial antibacterial activity against the diverse bacterial species, namely, Salmonella typhi (23.46 ± 1.69), Bacillus cereus (22.91 ± 0.96), E. coli (21.07 ± 0.80), and Staphylococcus aureus (17.83 ± 0.67). In addition, the extracted plant was in vitro assessed as a considerable anticancer agent on HepG2 cells, in which MTT, cell proliferation cycle, and DNA fragmentation assessments were applied on culture and treated cells. The larvicidal efficacy of the extracted plant was also evaluated against Aedes aegypti, the dengue disease vector. As a result, we may infer that R. vesicarius extract increased cytocompatibility and cell migratory capabilities, and that it may be effective in mosquito control without causing harm.
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Jain V, Mishra PK, Mishra M, Prakash V. Constitutive expression and discovery of antimicrobial peptides in Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proteins 2021; 90:465-475. [PMID: 34536291 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The expression, identification, and discovery of less toxic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are significant in managing infectious pathogens. AMPs triggered in response to the immune system have evolved to defend against pathogens and wounding. The protein composition of Zygogramma bicolorata hemolymph is of diagnostic importance as the open circulatory systems of the insects involve signaling through hemolymph. They have conserved many ancestral vertebrate genes that may help better understand the evolution of innate immunity. The present work describes the isolation, purification, identification, and bioinformatics analysis of AMPs from the immunized hemolymph of Z. bicolorata. Thirty-nine peptides were isolated from reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and sequenced via mass spectrometry analysis. The immunization process recorded a threefold higher protein concentration in immunized hemolymph when compared with nonimmunized one. For the first time, the proteomic study on Z. bicolorata hemolymph unveils the three novel proteins in the family Chrysomelidae with no homology in the database, indicating its novelty and the expression of the rest of 36 well-known proteins, including heat-shock, immune, structural, signaling proteins, and others speak for its method validity. Combining the expression of novel AMPs, detoxifying enzymes, hemolytic, and cytotoxic assays, and this work can elucidate new pathways to immune response mechanisms. Its molecular basis also holds the potential applicability in the future drug development process against pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaylakshmi Jain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pankaj Kishor Mishra
- Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Meenakshi Mishra
- School of Life and Allied Sciences, ITM University Atal Nagar, Raipur, India
| | - Veeru Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
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Jain V, Khusnud A, Tiwari J, Mishra M, Mishra PK. Biogenic proceedings and characterization of copper-gold nanoalloy: Evaluation of their innate antimicrobial and catalytic activities. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1783313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaylakshmi Jain
- Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Azima Khusnud
- Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Jaya Tiwari
- Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Meenakshi Mishra
- School of Life and Allied Sciences, ITM University Atal Nagar, Raipur, India
| | - Pankaj Kishor Mishra
- Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
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12
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Willis AJ, Pernal SP, Gaertner ZA, Lakka SS, Sabo ME, Creighton FM, Engelhard HH. Rotating Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters as Microdevices for Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4105-4123. [PMID: 32606667 PMCID: PMC7295537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold promise for enhancing delivery of therapeutic agents, either through direct binding or by functioning as miniature propellers. Fluid-filled conduits and reservoirs within the body offer avenues for MNP-enhanced drug delivery. MNP clusters can be rotated and moved across surfaces at clinically relevant distances in response to a rotating magnet. Limited data are available regarding issues affecting MNP delivery by this mechanism, such as adhesion to a cellular wall. Research reported here was initiated to better understand the fundamental principles important for successful implementation of rotational magnetic drug targeting (rMDT). METHODS Translational movements of four different iron oxide MNPs were tested, in response to rotation (3 Hz) of a neodymium-boron-iron permanent magnet. MNP clusters moved along biomimetic channels of a custom-made acrylic tray, by surface walking. The effects of different distances and cellular coatings on MNP velocity were analyzed using videography. Dyes (as drug surrogates) and the drug etoposide were transported by rotating MNPs along channels over a 10 cm distance. RESULTS MNP translational velocities could be predicted from magnetic separation times. Changes in distance or orientation from the magnet produced alterations in MNP velocities. Mean velocities of the fastest MNPs over HeLa, U251, U87, and E297 cells were 0.24 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.01, and 0.18 ± 0.03 cm/sec, respectively. U138 cells showed marked MNP adherence and an 87.1% velocity reduction at 5.5 cm along the channel. Dye delivery helped visualize the effects of MNPs as microdevices for drug delivery. Dye delivery by MNP clusters was 21.7 times faster than by diffusion. MNPs successfully accelerated etoposide delivery, with retention of chemotherapeutic effect. CONCLUSION The in vitro system described here facilitates side-by-side comparisons of drug delivery by rotating MNP clusters, on a human scale. Such microdevices have the potential for augmenting drug delivery in a variety of clinical settings, as proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Willis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Sajani S Lakka
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Morein D, Erlichman N, Ben-Baruch A. Beyond Cell Motility: The Expanding Roles of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Malignancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32582148 PMCID: PMC7287041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased tumor progression. Being key leukocyte attractants, chemokines promote the presence of inflammatory pro-tumor myeloid cells and immune-suppressive cells in tumors and metastases. In parallel, chemokines elevate additional pro-cancerous processes that depend on cell motility: endothelial cell migration (angiogenesis), recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and site-specific metastasis. However, the array of chemokine activities in cancer expands beyond such “typical” migration-related processes and includes chemokine-induced/mediated atypical functions that do not activate directly motility processes; these non-conventional chemokine functions provide the tumor cells with new sets of detrimental tools. Within this scope, this review article addresses the roles of chemokines and their receptors at atypical levels that are exerted on the cancer cell themselves: promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival; controlling tumor cell senescence; enriching tumors with cancer stem cells; inducing metastasis-related functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); and promoting resistance to chemotherapy and to endocrine therapy. The review also describes atypical effects of chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: their ability to up-regulate/stabilize the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints and to reduce the efficacy of their blockade; to induce bone remodeling and elevate osteoclastogenesis/bone resorption; and to mediate tumor-stromal interactions that promote cancer progression. To illustrate this expanding array of atypical chemokine activities at the cancer setting, the review focuses on major metastasis-promoting inflammatory chemokines—including CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL5 (RANTES)—and their receptors. In addition, non-conventional activities of CXCL12 which is a key regulator of tumor progression, and its CXCR4 receptor are described, alongside with the other CXCL12-binding receptor CXCR7 (RDC1). CXCR7, a member of the subgroup of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) known also as ACKR3, opens the gate for discussion of atypical activities of additional ACKRs in cancer: ACKR1 (DARC, Duffy), ACKR2 (D6), and ACKR4 (CCRL1). The mechanisms involved in chemokine activities and the signals delivered by their receptors are described, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Erlichman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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OIP5-AS1 Attenuates Microangiopathy in Diabetic Mouse by Regulating miR-200b/ACE2. World Neurosurg 2020; 139:e52-e60. [PMID: 32200014 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate OIP5-AS1 effects on microangiopathy in diabetic mouse. METHODS The expression levels of OIP5-AS1, miR-200b, and ACE2 expression were measured by RT-qPCR. Western blot was conducted to detect The ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) expression. Luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the interaction between miR-200b and OIP5-AS1 or ACE2. Morris water maze test was performed for detecting cognitive function. RESULTS Our results indicated that diabetic mice exhibited much lower OIP5-AS1 expression in the hippocampus than normal mice. Diabetic mice of OIP5-AS1 KO group showed remarkably lower OIP5-AS1 expression in the hippocampus, longer escape latency and lower percentage of CD31+ cells in the hippocampusthan those of WT group. OIP5-AS1 knockdown directly up-regulated miR-200b expression and ACE2 was directly inhibited by miR-200b. Relative to normal mice, diabetic mice had markedly higher miR-200b expression and lower ACE2 expression in the hippocampus. Diabetic mice of OIP5-AS1 KO group were with obviously higher miR-200b expression and lower ACE2 expression in the hippocampus than those of WT group. Compared with diabetic mice of OIP5-AS1 KO group, those of WT group, OIP5-AS1 KO + miR-200b inhibitor group and OIP5-AS1 KO + ACE2 group had obviously shorter escape latency and higher percentage of CD31+ cells and more caspase-3 protein expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS OIP5-AS1 attenuated microangiopathy in diabetic mouse by regulating miR-200b/ACE2.
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Sjöberg E, Meyrath M, Chevigné A, Östman A, Augsten M, Szpakowska M. The diverse and complex roles of atypical chemokine receptors in cancer: From molecular biology to clinical relevance and therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 145:99-138. [PMID: 32089166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines regulate directed cell migration, proliferation and survival and are key components in cancer biology. They exert their functions by interacting with seven-transmembrane domain receptors that signal through G proteins (GPCRs). A subgroup of four chemokine receptors known as the atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) has emerged as essential regulators of the chemokine functions. ACKRs play diverse and complex roles in tumor biology from tumor initiation to metastasis, including cancer cell proliferation, adherence to endothelium, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extravasation from blood vessels, tumor-associated angiogenesis or protection from immunological responses. This chapter gives an overview on the established and emerging roles that the atypical chemokine receptors ACKR1, ACKR2, ACKR3 and ACKR4 play in the different phases of cancer development and dissemination, their clinical relevance, as well as on the hurdles to overcome in ACKRs targeting as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sjöberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Li DD, Yang C, Shao ZM, Yu KD. Effect of functional genetic variants in chemokine decoy receptors on the recurrence risk of breast cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5497-5504. [PMID: 30358125 PMCID: PMC6247033 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) and CCBP2, the two members of chemokine decoy receptor family, restrain cell proliferation and invasion through sequestrating cytotoxic chemokines. Our previous research clarified two functional nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs12075 in DARC and rs2228468 in CCBP2 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. However, the role of their genetic variations on survival of breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, rs12075 in DARC and rs2228468 in CCBP2 were genotyped in 806 patients with primary breast cancer. The endpoint was recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Cox regression model was used to explore the association between SNPs and patients’ survival. The results revealed that participants with GG genotype in rs12075 appeared a higher recurrence risk compared with AG/AA genotype after adjustment with clinical parameters including lymph node status (AG+AA vs GG: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31‐0.93, P = 0.027). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that GG genotype frequency of rs12075 had a positive correlation with RFS compared with AG/AA genotype (AG+AA vs GG: HR = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.05‐0.91, P = 0.021) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype but not in other subtypes. No significant association between the genotypic variants and relapse risk was found in rs2228468 (AC+AA vs CC: HR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.56‐1.14, P = 0.222). There was also no significant difference in survival among rs2228468 polymorphism in any subtypes. Our study suggested that rs12075 could be served as a key predictive factor of recurrence risk in breast cancer, especially for TNBC subtype. Further researches to monitor SNPs will provide further opportunities to determine clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Dou Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhu L, Guo Y, Wang L, Fan X, Xiong X, Fang K, Xu D. Construction of ultrasonic nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides to target carcinoma cells derived from various organs. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28962657 PMCID: PMC5622542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound molecular imaging is a novel diagnostic approach for tumors, whose key link is the construction of targeted ultrasound contrast agents. However, available targeted ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging of tumors are only achieving imaging in blood pool or one type tumor. No targeted ultrasound contrast agents have realized targeted ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor parenchymal cells in a variety of solid tumors so far. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is highly expressed on cell membranes of various malignant solid tumors, so it’s a good target for ultrasound molecular imaging. Here, targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides for targeted binding to a variety of malignant tumors were constructed, and targeted binding ability and ultrasound imaging effect in different types of tumors were evaluated. Results The mean diameter of lipid targeted nanobubbles was (503.7 ± 78.47) nm, and the polypeptides evenly distributed on the surfaces of targeted nanobubbles, which possessed the advantages of homogenous particle size, high stability, and good safety. Targeted nanobubbles could gather around CAIX-positive cells (786-O and Hela cells), while they cannot gather around CAIX-negative cells (BxPC-3 cells) in vitro, and the affinity of targeted nanobubbles to CAIX-positive cells were significantly higher than that to CAIX-negative cells (P < 0.05). Peak intensity and duration time of targeted nanobubbles and blank nanobubbles were different in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues in vivo (P < 0.05). Moreover, targeted nanobubbles in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues produced higher peak intensity and longer duration time than those in CAIX-negative transplanted tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Finally, immunofluorescence not only confirmed targeted nanobubbles could pass through blood vessels to enter in tumor tissue spaces, but also clarified imaging differences of targeted nanobubbles in different types of transplanted tumor tissues. Conclusions Targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides can specifically enhance ultrasound imaging in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues and could potentially be used in early diagnosis of a variety of solid tumors derived from various organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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