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Xiang D, Fu L, Yang Y, Liu C, He Y. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of heat shock proteins and their combination with Alpha-Fetoprotein in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:178. [PMID: 38773451 PMCID: PMC11110180 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research suggests that heat shock proteins (HSPs) may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their results are still controversial. This meta-analysis endeavors to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HSPs both independently and in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as novel biomarkers for HCC detection. METHODS Pooled statistical indices, including sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were computed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of HSPs, AFP, and their combinations. Additionally, the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) was determined. RESULTS A total of 2013 HCC patients and 1031 control subjects from nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The summary estimates for HSPs and AFP are as follows: sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.85) compared to 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65-0.80); specificity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.95) compared to 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91); PLR of 7.4 (95% CI: 3.7-14.9) compared to 5.1 (95% CI: 3.3-8.1); NLR of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.16-0.37) compared to 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24-0.41); DOR of 30.19 (95% CI: 10.68-85.37) compared to 16.34 (95% CI: 9.69-27.56); and AUC of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.92) compared to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.95), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82-0.98), 14.5 (95% CI: 4.6-45.4), 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06-0.20), 133.34 (95% CI: 29.65-599.61), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.98) for the combination of HSPs and AFP. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that HSPs have potential as a biomarker for clinical use in the diagnosis of HCC, and the concurrent utilization of HSPs and AFP shows notable diagnostic effectiveness for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Lifang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - ChengJiang Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chakraborty S, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee B, Besra SE, Dewanjee S, Mukherjee A, Sen R, Ojha PK, Kumar V, Shaw TK, Ghosh P, Debnath MC, Ghosh MK. Assessment of superiority of HSP70-targeting aptamer-functionalized drug-nanocarrier over non-targeted commercially available counterpart in HCC therapy: in vitro and in vivo investigations and molecular modeling. Life Sci 2023; 317:121467. [PMID: 36736764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research aims to compare the therapeutic potential of target-specific phosphorothioate backbone-modified aptamer L5 (TLS9a)-functionalized paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded nanocarrier (PTX-NPL5) that we formulated with that of non-targeted commercial formulation, protein albumin-bound nanoparticles of PTX, Abraxane® (CF) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a myriad of preclinical investigations. MAIN METHODS A variety of in vitro and in vivo assays have been executed to compare the therapeutic effects of the formulations under investigation, including the investigation of the degree of apoptosis induction and its mechanism, cell cycle analysis, the level of ROS production, and redox status, the morphological and histological characteristics of malignant livers, and in vivo imaging. The formulations were also compared concerning pharmacokinetic behaviors. Finally, in silico molecular docking has been performed to predict the possible interactions between aptamer and target(s). KEY FINDINGS PTX-NPL5 exhibited therapeutic superiority over CF in terms of inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, endorsing oxidative stress to neoplastic cells, and reducing hepatic cancerous lesions. Unlike CF, PTX-NPL5 did not exhibit any significant toxicity in healthy hepatocytes, proving enough impetus regarding the distinctive superiority of PTX-NPL5 over CF. The pharmacokinetic analysis further supported superior penetration and retention of PTX-NPL5 in neoplastic hepatocytes compared to CF. A molecular modeling study proposed possible interaction between aptamer L5 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). SIGNIFICANCE The target-specificity of PTX-NPL5 towards neoplastic hepatocytes, probably achieved through HSP70 recognition, enhanced its therapeutic efficacy over CF, which may facilitate its real clinical deployment against HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Apala Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shila Elizabeth Besra
- Central Instrumentation Facility Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Alankar Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Shaw
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Miltu Kumar Ghosh
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Scordino M, Frinchi M, Urone G, Nuzzo D, Mudò G, Di Liberto V. Manipulation of HSP70-SOD1 Expression Modulates SH-SY5Y Differentiation and Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress-Dependent Cell Damage: Involvement in Oxotremorine-M-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030687. [PMID: 36978935 PMCID: PMC10045076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neural progenitors is a complex process that integrates different signals to drive transcriptional changes, which mediate metabolic, electrophysiological, and morphological cellular specializations. Understanding these adjustments is essential within the framework of stem cell and cancer research and therapy. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, widely used in neurobiology research, can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells through serum deprivation and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation. In our study, we observed that the differentiation process triggers the expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Notably, inhibition of HSP70 expression by KNK437 causes a dramatic increase in cell death. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells show a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), differentiated cells become resistant to H2O2-induced cell death. Interestingly, the differentiation process enhances the expression of SOD1 protein, and inhibition of HSP70 expression counteracts this effect and increases the susceptibility of differentiated cells to H2O2-induced cell death, suggesting that the cascade HSP70-SOD1 is involved in promoting survival against oxidative stress-dependent damage. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, enhances the expression of HSP70 and SOD1 and counteracts tert–Butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It is worth noting that co-treatment with KNK437 reduces SOD1 expression and Oxo-induced protection against oxidative stress damage, suggesting the involvement of HSP70/SOD1 signaling in this beneficial effect. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that manipulation of the HSP70 signal modulates SH-SY5Y differentiation and susceptibility to oxidative stress-dependent cell death and unravels novel mechanisms involved in Oxo neuroprotective functions. Altogether these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation and preservation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Scordino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Urone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
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Comparative RNA-Sequencing Analysis Reveals High Complexity and Heterogeneity of Transcriptomic and Immune Profiles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumors of Viral (HBV, HCV) and Non-Viral Etiology. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121803. [PMID: 36557005 PMCID: PMC9785216 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It arises and progresses against fibrotic or cirrhotic backgrounds mainly due to infection with hepatitis viruses B (HBV) or C (HCV) or non-viral causes that lead to chronic inflammation and genomic changes. A better understanding of molecular and immune mechanisms in HCC subtypes is needed. Materials and Methods: To identify transcriptional changes in primary HCC tumors with or without hepatitis viral etiology, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 24 patients by next-generation sequencing. Results: We identified common and unique differentially expressed genes for each etiological tumor group and analyzed the expression of SLC, ATP binding cassette, cytochrome 450, cancer testis, and heat shock protein genes. Metascape functional enrichment analysis showed mainly upregulated cell-cycle pathways in HBV and HCV and upregulated cell response to stress in non-viral infection. GeneWalk analysis identified regulator, hub, and moonlighting genes and highlighted CCNB1, ACTN2, BRCA1, IGF1, CDK1, AURKA, AURKB, and TOP2A in the HCV group and HSF1, HSPA1A, HSP90AA1, HSPB1, HSPA5, PTK2, and AURKB in the group without viral infection as hub genes. Immune infiltrate analysis showed that T cell, cytotoxic, and natural killer cell markers were significantly more highly expressed in HCV than in non-viral tumors. Genes associated with monocyte activation had the highest expression levels in HBV, while high expression of genes involved in primary adaptive immune response and complement receptor activity characterized tumors without viral infection. Conclusions: Our comprehensive study underlines the high degree of complexity of immune profiles in the analyzed groups, which adds to the heterogeneous HCC genomic landscape. The biomarkers identified in each HCC group might serve as therapeutic targets.
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Lin ZH, Zhang J, Zhuang LK, Xin YN, Xuan SY. Establishment of a Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics and the Role of NR6A1 in the Progression of HCC. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:901-912. [PMID: 36304495 PMCID: PMC9547269 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Generally acceptable prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not available. This study aimed to establish a prognostic model for HCC by identifying immune-related differentially expressed genes (IR-DEGs) and to investigate the potential role of NR6A1 in the progression of HCC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas and ImmPort databases was used to identify IR-DEGs. Lasso Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to establish a prognostic model of HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the performance of the prognostic model, which was further verified in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to explore the potential pathways of NR6A1. Cell counting kit 8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell migration assays using Huh7 cells, and tumor formation models in nude mice were conducted. RESULTS A prognostic model established based on ten identified IR-DEGs including HSPA4, FABP6, MAPT, NDRG1, APLN, IL17D, LHB, SPP1, GLP1R, and NR6A1, effectively predicted the prognosis of HCC patients, was confirmed by the ROC curves and verified in ICGC database. NR6A1 expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC patients, and NR6A1 was significantly associated with a low survival rate. Gene set enrichment analysis showed the enrichment of cell cycle, mTOR, WNT, and ERBB signaling pathways in patients with high NR6A1 expression. NR6A1 promoted cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration, and malignant tumor formation and growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS An effective prognostic model for HCC, based on a novel signature of 10 immune-related genes, was established. NR6A1 was up-regulated in HCC and was associated with a poor prognosis of HCC. NR6A1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and growth of HCC, most likely through the cell cycle, mTOR, WNT, and ERBB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Lin
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Kun Zhuang
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Correspondence to: Yong-Ning Xin, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-7655. Tel: +86-532-82789463, Fax: +86-532-85968434, E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Tel: +86-532-82789463, Fax: +86-532-85968434, E-mail:
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Correspondence to: Yong-Ning Xin, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-7655. Tel: +86-532-82789463, Fax: +86-532-85968434, E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Tel: +86-532-82789463, Fax: +86-532-85968434, E-mail:
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Prevention of High Glucose-Mediated EMT by Inhibition of Hsp70 Chaperone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136902. [PMID: 34199046 PMCID: PMC8268552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia may contribute to the progression of carcinomas by triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Some proteostasis systems are involved in metastasis; in this paper, we sought to explore the mechanism of Hsp70 chaperone in EMT. We showed that knockdown of Hsp70 reduced cell migration capacity concomitantly with levels of mRNA of the Slug, Snail, and Twist markers of EMT, in colon cancer cells incubated in high glucose medium. Conversely, treatment of cells with Hsp70 inducer U-133 were found to elevate cell motility, along with the other EMT markers. To prove that inhibiting Hsp70 may reduce EMT efficiency, we treated cells with a CL-43 inhibitor of the HSF1 transcription factor, which lowered Hsp70 and HSF1 content in the control and induced EMT in carcinoma cells. Importantly, CL-43 reduced migration capacity, EMT-linked transcription factors, and increased content of epithelial marker E-cadherin in colon cancer cells of three lines, including one derived from a clinical sample. To prove that Hsp70 chaperone should be targeted when inhibiting the EMT pathway, we treated cancer cells with 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) and demonstrated that the compound inhibited substrate-binding capacity of Hsp70. Furthermore, PES suppressed EMT features, cell motility, and expression of specific transcription factors. In conclusion, the Hsp70 chaperone machine efficiently protects mechanisms of the EMT, and the safe inhibitors of the chaperone are needed to hamper metastasis at its initial stage.
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Coto-Llerena M, Tosti N, Taha-Mehlitz S, Kancherla V, Paradiso V, Gallon J, Bianco G, Garofoli A, Ghosh S, Tang F, Ercan C, Christofori GM, Matter MS, Droeser RA, Zavolan M, Soysal SD, von Flüe M, Kollmar O, Terracciano LM, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S. Transcriptional Enhancer Factor Domain Family member 4 Exerts an Oncogenic Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Hippo-Independent Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Family Members. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:661-674. [PMID: 33860124 PMCID: PMC8034568 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancer factor domain family member 4 (TEAD4) is a downstream effector of the conserved Hippo signaling pathway, regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. It is up-regulated in several cancer types and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unexplored. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that TEAD4 was overexpressed in HCC and was associated with aggressive HCC features and worse outcome. Overexpression of TEAD4 significantly increased proliferation and migration rates in HCC cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis of TEAD4-overexpressing HCC cells demonstrated that TEAD4 overexpression was associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and protein-folding pathways. Among the most up-regulated genes following TEAD4 overexpression were the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family members HSPA6 and HSPA1A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated that TEAD4 regulates HSPA6 and HSPA1A expression by directly binding to their promoter and enhancer regions. The pharmacologic inhibition of HSP70 expression in TEAD4-overexpressing cells reduced the effect of TEAD4 on cell proliferation. Finally, by overexpressing TEAD4 in yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ)-knockdown HCC cells, we showed that the effect of TEAD4 on cell proliferation and its regulation of HSP70 expression does not require YAP and TAZ, the main effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. Conclusion: A novel Hippo-independent mechanism for TEAD4 promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth in HCC by directly regulating HSP70 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland.,Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nadia Tosti
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Stephanie Taha-Mehlitz
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland.,ClarunisDepartment of Visceral SurgeryUniversity Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesSt. Clara Hospital and University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Venkatesh Kancherla
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Viola Paradiso
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Gaia Bianco
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Garofoli
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Computational and Systems Biology, BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Fengyuan Tang
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- ClarunisDepartment of Visceral SurgeryUniversity Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesSt. Clara Hospital and University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Computational and Systems Biology, BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- ClarunisDepartment of Visceral SurgeryUniversity Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesSt. Clara Hospital and University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Markus von Flüe
- ClarunisDepartment of Visceral SurgeryUniversity Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesSt. Clara Hospital and University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Otto Kollmar
- ClarunisDepartment of Visceral SurgeryUniversity Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesSt. Clara Hospital and University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland.,Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Kobayashi K, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Yamada N, Migita S, Hioki T, Mizutani D, Kozawa O. Heat shock protein 70 positively regulates transforming growth factor-α-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration via the AKT signaling pathway. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05002. [PMID: 33005803 PMCID: PMC7519371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to extracellular stress and manage the quality of proteins as molecular chaperones. HSP70, a highly conserved HSP, has been reported to correlate with the proliferation and migration of human cancer cells, such as oral, prostate, lung and liver cancer. Regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the HSP70 levels in the tumor tissues from patients are significantly higher than those in the normal liver tissues. HSP70 reportedly upregulates the migration and invasion of HCC. The AKT, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho-kinase signaling pathways regulate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-α-induced migration of human HCC-derived HuH7 cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying the role of HSP70 in growth factor-induced HCC migration remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the mechanism underlying the involvement of HSP70 in TGF-α-induced HCC cell migration was investigated. Treatment with the HSP70 inhibitors VER155008 and YM-08 and the downregulation of HSP70 protein were confirmed to significantly suppress the TGF-α-induced cell migration of HuH7 cells. Both VER155008 and YM-08 reduced the TGF-α-induced phosphorylation of AKT without affecting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK or Rho-kinase. These results strongly suggest that HSP70 positively regulates the TGF-α-induced migration of HCC cells via the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Saori Migita
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizutani
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Khare T, Khare S, Angdisen JJ, Zhang Q, Stuckel A, Mooney BP, Ridenhour SE, Gitan RS, Hammoud GM, Ibdah JA. Defects in long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase lead to hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1461-1473. [PMID: 32115688 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been increasing at an alarming rate. Little is known about NAFLD without cirrhosis as a risk for HCC. Here we report, for the first time, generation of a mouse model with a defect in long-chain 3-hydoxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD). The LCHAD exon 15 deletion was embryonic lethal to the homozygous mice whereas heterozygous mice (HT) develop significant hepatic steatosis starting at young age (3 months old) and HCC at older age (>13 months old) without any evidence of fibrosis or cirrhosis. None of the wild-type (WT) mice developed steatosis and HCC (n = 39), whereas HT-LCHAD mice (n = 41) showed steatosis and ~20% (8/41) developed liver masses with histological features of HCC. Proteomic analysis of liver tissues from WT-mice and HT-mice with no signs of HCC was conducted. Proteins with significant changes in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Abundance of 24 proteins was significantly different (p < 0.01) between WT and HT-LCHAD mice. The proteins found to vary in abundance are associated with different cellular response processes ranging from intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid to oxidative stress, signal transduction and the process of tumorigenesis. Protein expression pattern of the HT-LCHAD mouse liver indicates predisposition to HCC and suggests that impaired hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC. To assess the implication of these studies in human disease, we demonstrated significant downregulation of HADHA transcripts in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jerry J Angdisen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexei Stuckel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brian P Mooney
- Gehrke Proteomics center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne E Ridenhour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raad S Gitan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ghassan M Hammoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Liu Y, Liu C, Wang W, Chen F, Ma L. Development and validation of a novel immune-related prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:67. [PMID: 32046766 PMCID: PMC7011553 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has suggested that immune-related genes play crucial roles in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the utility of immune-related genes for evaluating the prognosis of HCC patients are still lacking. The study aimed to explore gene signatures and prognostic values of immune-related genes in HCC. Methods We comprehensively integrated gene expression data acquired from 374 HCC and 50 normal tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify DEGs that related to overall survival. An immune prognostic model was constructed using the Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis was applied to identify independent prognostic factors in HCC. The correlation analysis between immune-related signature and immune cells infiltration were also investigated. Finally, the signature was validated in an external independent dataset. Results A total of 329 differentially expressed immune‐related genes were detected. 64 immune‐related genes were identified to be markedly related to overall survival in HCC patients using univariate Cox regression analysis. Then we established a TF-mediated network for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of these genes. Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to construct the immune-based prognostic model, which consisted of nine immune‐related genes. Further analysis indicated that this immune-related prognostic model could be an independent prognostic indicator after adjusting to other clinical factors. The relationships between the risk score model and immune cell infiltration suggested that the nine-gene signature could reflect the status of tumor immune microenvironment. The prognostic value of this nine-gene prognostic model was further successfully validated in an independent database. Conclusions Together, our study screened potential prognostic immune-related genes and established a novel immune-based prognostic model of HCC, which not only provides new potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, but also deepens our understanding of tumor immune microenvironment status and lays a theoretical foundation for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjuan Liu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Education Institute, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jingshi Road 16766, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jingshi Road 16766, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Fengzhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Lixian Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Elmallah MIY, Cordonnier M, Vautrot V, Chanteloup G, Garrido C, Gobbo J. Membrane-anchored heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:134-141. [PMID: 31669516 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70 is a highly conserved and inducible heat shock protein that belongs to the HSP70 family of molecular chaperones and plays a central role in protein homeostasis. The main function of Hsp70 is to protect cells from physiological, pathological and environmental insults, as it assists an ATP-dependent manner the process of protein folding. Since Hsp70 provides critical cell survival functions, cancer cells are assumed to rely on this chaperone. Strong evidence suggests that Hsp70 is upregulated in different type of cancers and is involved in tumor growth, invasion, migration and resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, this Hsp70 upregulation induces Hsp70 re-location into plasma membrane. In this review, the role of Hsp70 in cancer will be discussed focusing particularly on the extracellular membrane-bound Hsp70. The mechanism by which Hsp70 is translocated to plasma membrane of tumor cells and the recent discoveries of drugs targeting this Hsp70 in cancer therapy will be also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marine Cordonnier
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Valentin Vautrot
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 3181, France
| | - Gaëtan Chanteloup
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Jessica Gobbo
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach Reveals the Therapeutic Mechanism of Action of Baicalein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7518374. [PMID: 30891079 PMCID: PMC6390240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7518374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the greatest proportion of these deaths. Baicalein, a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellariae radix, is considered a potential candidate to treat HCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, a network pharmacological approach was combined with microarray data (GSE95504) acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to reveal the therapeutic mechanisms of action of baicalein at a systemic level. We identified 38 baicalein targets and 76 differently expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with baicalein, including 55 upregulated and 21 downregulated genes. The DEGs were significantly enriched in the biological functions of apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and PERK-mediated unfolded protein response. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and topological screening revealed a core module of PPIs including two baicalein targets, TP53 and CDK1, and two downregulated DEGs, HSPA1A and HSPA1B. Expression and survival data for these genes in the module derived from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) were subjected to Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival. Overexpression of CDK1, BRCA1, TUBB, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and HSPA4 was associated with significantly worse overall survival, while overexpression of CDK1, CLU7, BRCA1, and TUBB was associated with significantly worse disease-free survival. These data suggest that baicalein exerts therapeutic effects against HCC via a PPI network involving TP53, CDK1, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B.
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