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Aghaei-Zarch SM. Crosstalk between MiRNAs/lncRNAs and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in diabetes mellitus: Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:486-507. [PMID: 38511053 PMCID: PMC10950585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes as a fastest growing diseases worldwide is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. There's an enormous financial burden associated with this endocrine disorder, with unequal access to health care between developed and developing countries. PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) have been demonstrated to be crucial for glucose homeostasis, and malfunctioning of these molecules can contribute to an increase in glucose serum levels, the main pathophysiological feature of diabetes. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that miRNAs and lncRNAs are reciprocally interacting with this signaling pathway. It is therefore evident that abnormal regulation of miRNAs/lncRNAs in the lncRNAs/miRNAs/PI3K/AKT axis is related to clinicopathological characteristics and plays a crucial role in the regulation of biological processes. It has therefore been attempted in this review to describe the interaction between PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and various miRNAs/lncRNAs and their importance in DM biology. We also presented the clinical applications of PI3K/AKT-related ncRNAs/herbal medicine in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Liao L, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Meng X, Li B, Zhang X. MicroRNA-126 (MiR-126): key roles in related diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:277-286. [PMID: 38517589 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes such as humans, some non-coding single-stranded RNAs (ncRNAs) help to regulate the pre- and post-transcriptional expression of certain genes, which in turn control many important physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, distinctions, invasion, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. microRNA-126 is an important member of these miRNAs that can be directly or indirectly involved in the control of angiogenesis. Recently, numerous studies have expounded that microRNA-126 can inhibit or promote angiogenesis as well as attenuate inflammatory responses through complex molecular mechanisms. As such, it serves as a biomarker or potential therapeutic target for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of relevant diseases. In this review, we present the advancements in research regarding microRNA-126's role in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases, aiming to provide innovative therapeutic options for the diagnosis and treatment of clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College-Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611700, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Caruso L, Fields M, Rimondi E, Zauli G, Longo G, Marcuzzi A, Previati M, Gonelli A, Zauli E, Milani D. Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2124. [PMID: 38396799 PMCID: PMC10889839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human retina is a complex anatomical structure that has no regenerative capacity. The pathogenesis of most retinopathies can be attributed to inflammation, with the activation of the inflammasome protein platform, and to the impact of oxidative stress on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy in retinal cells. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches to treat retinopathies have been investigated. Experimental data suggest that the secretome of mesenchymal cells could reduce oxidative stress, autophagy, and the apoptosis of retinal cells, and in turn, the secretome of the latter could induce changes in mesenchymal cells. Other studies have evidenced that noncoding (nc)RNAs might be new targets for retinopathy treatment and novel disease biomarkers since a correlation has been found between ncRNA levels and retinopathies. A new field to explore is the interaction observed between the ocular and intestinal microbiota; indeed, recent findings have shown that the alteration of gut microbiota seems to be linked to ocular diseases, suggesting a gut-eye axis. To explore new therapeutical strategies for retinopathies, it is important to use proper models that can mimic the complexity of the retina. In this context, retinal organoids represent a good model for the study of the pathophysiology of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
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Zhong Y, Xia J, Liao L, Momeni MR. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in diabetic retinopathy: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128182. [PMID: 37977468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating complication of diabetes, having extensive and resilient effects on those who suffer from it. As yet, the underlying cell mechanisms of this microvascular disorder are largely unclear. Recently, growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can be responsible for gene deregulation leading to the alteration of key processes in the development and progression of DR, in addition to the widely recognized pathological mechanisms. It is noteworthy that seemingly unending epigenetic modifications, caused by a prolonged period of hyperglycemia, may be a prominent factor that leads to metabolic memory, and brings epigenetic entities such as non-coding RNA into the equation. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to truly understand this mechanism. Exosomes are responsible for carrying signals from cells close to the vasculature that are participating in abnormal signal transduction to faraway organs and cells by sailing through the bloodstream. These signs indicate metabolic disorders. With the aid of their encased structure, they can store diverse signaling molecules, which then can be dispersed into the blood, urine, and tears. Herein, we summarized various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are related to DR pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the role of exosomal ncRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhong
- Endocrinology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Endocrinology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 3, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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5
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Li J, Chen K, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Q, Xia Y, Xie C, Wang X, Tong J, Shen Y. Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:418. [PMID: 37978169 PMCID: PMC10656479 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. However, due to compensatory vascular hyperplasia in the late stage of DR, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascade is activated, resulting in opposite levels of AKT regulation compared with the early stage. Studies have shown that many factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF and others, can regulate the AKT pathway. Disruption of the insulin pathway decreases AKT activation. IGF-1 downregulation decreases the activation of AKT in DR, which abrogates the neuroprotective effect, upregulates VEGF expression and thus induces neovascularization. Although inhibiting VEGF is the main treatment for neovascularization in DR, excessive inhibition may lead to apoptosis in inner retinal neurons. AKT pathway substrates, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FOXO), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are a research focus. mTOR inhibitors can delay or prevent retinal microangiopathy, whereas low mTOR activity can decrease retinal protein synthesis. Inactivated AKT fails to inhibit FOXO and thus causes apoptosis. The GSK-3/Nrf2 cascade regulates oxidation and inflammation in DR. NF-κB is activated in diabetic retinas and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Many pathways or vital activities, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, interact with the AKT pathway to influence DR development. Numerous regulatory methods can simultaneously impact the AKT pathway and other pathways, and it is essential to consider both the connections and interactions between these pathways. In this review, we summarize changes in the AKT signaling pathway in DR and targeted drugs based on these potential sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, de Oliveira DC, Nishioka AH, de Matos LA, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira FM, Sampaio GR, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM, Fock RA, Rogero MM. Blood orange juice intake modulates plasma and PBMC microRNA expression in overweight and insulin-resistant women: impact on MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109240. [PMID: 36442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood orange consumption presents potential health benefits and may modulate epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs) expression. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional gene regulation, and these molecules can also be used as biomarkers in body fluids. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on the inflammatory response and miRNA expression profile in plasma and blood cells in overweight women. The study cohort was comprised of twenty women aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed as overweight, who consumed 500 mL/d of BOJ for four weeks. Clinical data were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of juice consumption, e.g., anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters, food intake, blood cell count, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. BOJ samples were analyzed and characterized. Additionally, plasma and blood cells were also collected for miRNA expression profiling and evaluation of the expression of genes and proteins in the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. BOJ intake increased the expression of miR-144-3p in plasma and the expression of miR-424-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-130b-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conversely, the beverage intake decreased the expression of let-7f-5p and miR-126-3p in PBMC. Computational analyses identified different targets of the dysregulated miRNA on inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, BOJ intake increased vitamin C consumption and the pJNK/JNK ratio and decreased the expression of IL6 mRNA and NFκB protein. These results demonstrate that BOJ regulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process and decreases NFкB-protein expression in PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cooper Capetini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna J Quintanilha
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalila Cunha de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Harumi Nishioka
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Assaf de Matos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhu H, Leung SW. MicroRNA biomarkers of type 2 diabetes: evidence synthesis from meta-analyses and pathway modelling. Diabetologia 2023; 66:288-299. [PMID: 36269347 PMCID: PMC9807484 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs are being sought as biomarkers for the early identification of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to synthesise the evidence from microRNA-type 2 diabetes association studies and microRNA-regulated type 2 diabetes pathway delineation studies that met stringent quality criteria to identify and validate microRNAs of both statistical and biological significance as type 2 diabetes biomarkers. METHODS Eligible controlled studies on microRNA expression profiling of type 2 diabetes were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. MicroRNA-regulated type 2 diabetes pathway delineation studies were conducted by integrating and cross-verifying the data from miRTarBase, TransmiR, miRecords, TargetScanHuman, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Retraction Watch database. Before meta-analysis, quality assessment was performed according to the corresponding reporting guidelines for evidence-based medicine. To select the most statistically significant microRNAs, we conducted extensive meta-analyses according to the latest methodology. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out to further examine the microRNA candidates for their tissue specificity and blood fraction specificity and the robustness of the evidence. Signalling pathway impact analysis of dysregulated microRNAs identified from meta-analyses was performed to select biologically significant microRNAs that were enriched in our newly built microRNA-regulated pathways. RESULTS Of the 404 differentially expressed microRNAs identified in the 156 controlled profiling studies with a combined sample size of >15,000, only 60 were both consistently and significantly dysregulated in human type 2 diabetes. No microRNAs were both consistently and significantly dysregulated in multiple tissues according to subgroup analyses. In total, 58 microRNAs were found to be robust in sensitivity analyses. A total of 1966 pathway delineation studies were identified, including 3290 microRNA-target interactions, which were further combined with KEGG pathways, producing 225 microRNA-regulated pathways. Impact analysis found that 16 dysregulated microRNAs identified from extensive meta-analyses were statistically significantly enriched in the augmented KEGG type 2 diabetes pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sixteen microRNAs met the criteria for biomarker selection. In terms of both significance and relevance, the order of priority for verification of these microRNAs is as follows: miR-29a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-101-3p, mIR-103a-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-311-3p. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42017081659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Centre, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siu-Wai Leung
- Edinburgh Bayes Centre for AI Research in Shenzhen, College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Long Non-coding RNA SPAG5-AS1 Attenuates Diabetic Retinal Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibiting Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Tube Formation by Regulating the MicroRNA-1224-5p/IRS-1 Axis. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:904-912. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Klisic A, Radoman Vujacic I, Munjas J, Ninic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J. Micro-ribonucleic acid modulation with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a review article. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:870-880. [PMID: 35832702 PMCID: PMC9266798 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/146796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel with the rapid growth of obesity, there is also an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) worldwide. Due to its complications, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in those patients. In the last two decades, special attention has been given to oxidative stress and inflammation, as the underlying mechanisms related to T2D occurrence and progression. Moreover, micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) as new genetic biomarkers take an important place in the investigation of different metabolic pathways of insulin signaling. In this review article, we discuss microRNA modulation with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with T2D. Better insight into the novel potential therapeutic targets for treatment of diabetes and its complications is of utmost importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klisic
- Primary Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Irena Radoman Vujacic
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pramanik S, Saha C, Chowdhury S, Bose C, Bhattacharyya NP, Mondal LK. Decreased Levels of miR-126 and miR-132 in Plasma and Vitreous Humor of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Among Subjects with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:345-358. [PMID: 35153496 PMCID: PMC8823438 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness among working adults, is an urgent public health problem as diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing at an alarming rate. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is the principal contributing factor leading to the development of microangiopathy. Altered levels of microRNA (miR), the negative regulator of protein-coding genes, have been observed and considered to be markers for DR. Present study aimed to find out whether miR levels in plasma could be effective biomarkers to differentiate between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) from T2DM with no-DR (DNR). METHODS We recruited 50 T2DM subjects comprising 31 NPDR and 19 DNR individuals. Surrogate markers of systemic oxidative stress and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in plasma. Levels of miR-126 and miR-132 were determined in plasma and vitreous fluid using real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed that levels of miR-126 and miR-132 were decreased in NPDR subjects in comparison to DNR. Plasma levels of miRs were inversely correlated with secreted levels of VEGF and oxidative stress marker. The levels of these miRs showed discriminating ability between NPDR and DNR. CONCLUSION Circulating miRs 126 and 132 in plasma or vitreous may serve as biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy risk prediction, provided validated in a larger cohort and other forms of retinal vasculopathy or retinopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Pramanik
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Saha
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
- Genome Science, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: Subhankar Chowdhury, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India, Email
| | - Chiranjit Bose
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Nitai P Bhattacharyya
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Lakshmi Kanta Mondal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India
- Lakshmi Kanta Mondal, Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, 88, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India, Email
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MicroRNA-139-5p Alleviates High Glucose-Triggered Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Injury by Targeting LIM-Only Factor 4. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:1629783. [PMID: 34725544 PMCID: PMC8557081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1629783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of diabetes complication, which can result in loss of vision in adults worldwide. Increasing evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRs) can regulate DR progression. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing the possible mechanism of miR-139-5p in high glucose- (HG-) incubated retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. The present results demonstrated that miR-139-5p expression was notably reduced in the serum samples of patients with DR, as well as in ARPE-19 cells treated with HG in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, miR-139-5p was markedly overexpressed by transfection of miR-139-5p mimics into ARPE-19 cells. Overexpression of miR-139-5p markedly induced cell viability and repressed HG-triggered apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-139-5p relived HG-enhanced oxidative stress injury. It was found that HG induced malondialdehyde levels but decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-139-5p could markedly decrease intracellular stress. The results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-139-5p effectively repressed HG-activated inflammation, as indicated by the upregulation of inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and Cox-2, in ARPE-19 cells. Subsequently, it was identified that LIM-only factor 4 (LMO4) could act as a downstream target for miR-139-5p. LMO4 expression was significantly increased in patients with DR and HG-treated ARPE-19 cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of LMO4 reversed the biological role of miR-139-5p in proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and release of inflammation factors in vitro. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-139-5p significantly decreased ARPE-19 cell injury caused by HG by inducing proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis, oxidant stress, and inflammation by modulating LMO4.
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Tayel SI, Saleh AA, El-Hefnawy SM, Elzorkany KM, Elgarawany GE, Noreldin RI. Simultaneous Assessment of MicroRNAs 126 and 192 in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients and the Relation of these MicroRNAs with Urinary Albumin. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:361-371. [PMID: 31629394 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191019103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major determinant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Altered microRNA levels lead to serious chronic diseases, such as diabetes. We aimed to measure the expression levels of two microRNAs, microRNA126 and 192 in DN and investigate their connection with albuminuria levels. METHODS This study included 229 subjects (134 DN patients and 95 controls). Serum lipid profiles, glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and renal functions were assayed. The microRNA126 and microRNA192 expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Patients with DN had higher weights, BMI values, glucose levels (P<0.001), HbA1c levels (P<0.001), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) values (P<0.001), urea levels (P=0.002), and creatinine levels (P=0.004) and lower expression levels of both microRNA192 (P<0.001) and microRNA126 (P<0.001) than controls. MicroRNA126 expression was positively correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and microRNA192 expression but negatively correlated with blood sugar, HbA1c, urea, creatinine and ACR. MicroRNA192 had higher sensitivity (91%), specificity (94%), and area under the curve (AUC) (0.967) values than microRNA126 (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 68%; AUC, 0.897) and thus can precisely diagnose DN. CONCLUSION Both MicroRNA126 and microRNA192 expression were obviously associated with DN and might determine the progression of the disease owing to prominent relation with macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I Tayel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Amany A Saleh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Sally M El-Hefnawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Ma Elzorkany
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha I Noreldin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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13
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Massignam ET, Dieter C, Pellenz FM, Assmann TS, Crispim D. Involvement of miR-126 rs4636297 and miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms in the susceptibility for diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study in a type 1 diabetes population. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e461-e469. [PMID: 33124182 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. MiRNA-126 and miRNA-146a have been described as having abnormal expressions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Polymorphisms in genes codifying miRNAs (miRSNPs) may alter the expression of the corresponding miRNA and, thus, interfere with susceptibility to DR. Therefore, miRSNPs in miR-126 and miR-146a genes could be associated with DR susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between miR-126 rs4636297 (G/A) and miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) miRSNPs and DR. METHODS This case-control study included 195 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with DR (cases) and 215 patients without DR and with ≥10 years of T1DM (controls). MiRSNPs were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS Genotype distributions of two analysed miRSNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls (p > 0.050). Frequencies of the miR-126 rs4636297 miRSNP were not significantly different between case and control groups (p = 0.169). However, after adjustment for age, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate and ethnicity, the A allele of this miRSNP was associated with protection for DR under additive [OR: 0.444 (95% CI: 0.211-0.936), p = 0.033] and dominant [OR: 0.512 (95% CI: 0.303-0.865), p = 0.012] inheritance models. Genotype and allele frequencies of miR-146a rs2910164 miRSNP did not differ between groups (p = 0.368 and p = 0.957), and this polymorphism was not associated with DR when assuming different inheritance models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an association between the A allele of miR-126 rs4636297 miRSNP and protection for DR in a Southern Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Toscan Massignam
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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14
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Paul S, Saha D, Bk B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy Closely Cooperate in Neurological Deficits Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3677-3691. [PMID: 33797062 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known to be correlated in terms of their epidemiology, histopathology, and molecular and biochemical characteristics. The prevalence of T2D leading to AD is approximately 50-70%. Moreover, AD is often considered type III diabetes because of the common risk factors. Uncontrolled T2D may affect the brain, leading to memory and learning deficits in patients. In addition, metabolic disorders and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in AD and T2D patients suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in both diseases. The dysregulation of pathways involved in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy are responsible for exacerbating the impact of hyperglycemia on the brain and neurodegeneration under T2D conditions. The first section of this review describes the recent views on mitochondrial dysfunction that connect these two disease conditions, as the pathways are observed to overlap. The second section of the review highlights the importance of different mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) involved in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and their association with the pathogenesis of T2D and AD. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy pathways, along with the use of mitomiRs, could be a potent therapeutic strategy for T2D-related AD. The last section of the review highlights the known drugs targeting mitochondrial function for the treatment of both disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Paul
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debarpita Saha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Binukumar Bk
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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15
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Malham M, James JP, Jakobsen C, Hoegdall E, Holmstroem K, Wewer V, Nielsen BS, Riis LB. Mucosal microRNAs relate to age and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6359-6374. [PMID: 33647883 PMCID: PMC7993741 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant evidence that the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) impacts disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), it remains unknown if the more severe disease phenotype seen in pediatric onset UC can be explained by an altered miRNA expression. In this study, we assessed the relationship between miRNA expression, age, and disease severity in pediatric and adult patients with UC. Using RT-qPCR, we analyzed the expression of miR-21, miR-31, miR-126, miR-142 and miR-155 in paraffin embedded rectum biopsies from 30 pediatric and 30 adult-onset UC patients. We found that lesions from adult patients had significantly higher expression levels of miR-21 compared to pediatric patients and that the expression levels of miR-31 (all patients) and miR-155 (pediatric patients only) correlated inversely with histological assessed disease severity. Using in situ hybridization followed by image analysis, the expression level estimates of miR-21 and miR-126 correlated with histological assessed disease severity. In conclusion, we found that the expression of miRNAs depends on the age of the patient and/or the severity of the disease, suggesting that miRNAs may contribute to the regulation of inflammation in UC and could be useful biomarkers in the surveillance of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Malham
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,The Pediatric Department, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek 4300, Denmark
| | - Jaslin P James
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Christian Jakobsen
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hoegdall
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Kim Holmstroem
- Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Wewer
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Boye S Nielsen
- Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Lene B Riis
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
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16
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Sanguineti R, Puddu A, Nicolò M, Traverso CE, Cordera R, Viviani GL, Maggi D. miR-126 Mimic Counteracts the Increased Secretion of VEGF-A Induced by High Glucose in ARPE-19 Cells. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6649222. [PMID: 33709000 PMCID: PMC7932804 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) has a pathologic role in microvascular diabetic complication, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). miR-126 plays an important role in vascular development and angiogenesis by regulating the expression of VEGF-A. Since levels of miR-126 have been found downregulated in diabetes, this study is aimed at investigating whether hyperglycemia affects expression of miR-126 in a retinal pigment epithelium cell line. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with miR-126 inhibitor or with miR-126 mimic and the respective scramble negative control. After 24 hours, medium was replaced and cells were cultured for 24 hours in normal (CTR) or diabetic condition (HG). Then, we analyzed mRNA levels of miR-126, VEGF-A, PI3KR2, and SPRED1. We also evaluated protein amount of HIF-1α, PI3KR2, and SPRED1 and VEGF-A secretion. The results showed that exposure of ARPE-19 cells to HG significantly decreased miR-126 levels; mRNA levels of VEGF-A and PI3KR2 were inversely correlated with those of miR-126. Overexpression of miR-126 under HG restored HIF-1α expression and VEGF-A secretion to the level of CTR cells. These results indicate that reduced levels of miR-126 may contribute to DR progression by increasing expression of VEGF-A in RPE cells. In addition, we provide evidence that upregulation of miR-126 in RPE cells counteracts the rise of VEGF-A secretion induced by hyperglycemia. In conclusion, our data support a role of miR-126 mimic-approach in counteracting proangiogenic effects of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sanguineti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV XV, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV XV, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Nicolò
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Viale Benedetto, Genova, Italy
- Fondazione per la Macula Onlus–Genova, Piazza della Vittoria, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Viale Benedetto, Genova, Italy
| | - Renzo Cordera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV XV, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio L. Viviani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV XV, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Maggi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale Benedetto XV XV, Genova, Italy
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17
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Ma Y, Dong C, Chen X, Zhu R, Wang J. Silencing of miR-20b-5p Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Diabetic Retinopathy via Inactivation of THBS1 Gene Induced VEGF/Akt/PI3K Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1183-1193. [PMID: 33758526 PMCID: PMC7981169 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a damaging complication of the eye. Studies investigating molecular mechanisms of DR are lacking, leading to poor clinical outcomes. miR-20b-5p is up-regulated in DR. The present study aimed to confirm the involvement of miR-20b-5p in DR and the mechanism involved. METHODS Microarray analysis was done to study the differentially expressed miRs. DR model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats, the expression of miR-20b-5p was altered using inhibitor or mimic as treatment. THBS1 was one of the potential genes identified by microarray bioinformatics analysis associated with DR. The expression of THBS1 was suppressed by siRNA to study the mechanism behind involvement of miR-20b-5p in DR. In addition, the levels of miR-20b-5p VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway associated genes were studied. Correlation between THBS1 and miR-20b-5p was evaluated. Cell apoptosis, growth and tube formation assay was performed. RESULTS The retinal tissues of DR rats showed over-expressed miR-20b-5p and decreased THBS1 via VEGF/PI3K/Akt cascade. THBS1 was confirmed as the target gene of miR-20b-5p by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Upregulation of miR-20b-5p or knockdown of THBS1 caused increased tube formation and cell proliferation, whereas it blocked the cell apoptosis of endothelial cells in rats. CONCLUSION The outcomes suggested that silencing of miR-20b-5p resulted in inhibition of tube formation and cell growth in vascular endothelial cells of rats subjected to DR altering the VEGF/PI3K/Akt cascade by up-regulation of THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanBo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChunYing Dong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiHui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - RuiXi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Wang Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-13656838933 Email
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18
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Liu J, Wei E, Wei J, Zhou W, Webster KA, Zhang B, Li D, Zhang G, Wei Y, Long Y, Qi X, Zhang Q, Xu D. MiR-126-HMGB1-HIF-1 Axis Regulates Endothelial Cell Inflammation during Exposure to Hypoxia-Acidosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4933194. [PMID: 34970357 PMCID: PMC8714334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4933194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between molecular regulators miR-126, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1-α), and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) contributes to the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in multiple physiological and pathophysiological settings. Here, we present evidence of an overriding role for miR-126 in the regulation of HMGB1 and its downstream proinflammatory effectors in endothelial cells subjected to hypoxia with concurrent acidosis (H/A). Methods. Primary mouse endothelial cells (PMEC) were exposed to hypoxia or H/A to simulate short or chronic low-flow ischemia, respectively. RT-qPCR quantified mRNA transcripts, and proteins were measured by western blot. ROS were quantified by fluorogenic ELISA and luciferase reporter assays employed to confirm an active miR-126 target in the HMGB1 3'UTR. Results. Enhanced expression of miR-126 in PMECs cultured under neutral hypoxia was suppressed under H/A, whereas the HMGB1 expression increased sequentially under both conditions. Enhanced expression of HMGB1 and downstream inflammation markers was blocked by the premiR-126 overexpression and optimized by antagomiR. Compared with neutral hypoxia, H/A suppressed the HIF-1α expression independently of miR-126. The results show that HMGB1 and downstream effectors are optimally induced by H/A relative to neutral hypoxia via crosstalk between hypoxia signaling, miR-126, and HIF-1α, whereas B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2), a HIF-1α, and miR-126 regulated gene expressed optimally under neutral hypoxia. Conclusion. Inflammatory responses of ECs to H/A are dynamically regulated by the combined actions of hypoxia, miR-126, and HIF-1α on the master regulator HMGB1. The findings may be relevant to vascular diseases including atherosclerotic occlusion and interiors of plaque where coexisting hypoxia and acidosis promote inflammation as a defining etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Eileen Wei
- Gulliver High School, Miami, FL 33156, USA
| | - Jianqin Wei
- Department of Medicine Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Integene International, LLC, Miami, FL 33137, USA
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Everglades Biopharma, LLC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Gaoxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Department of Surgery, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Chengxiang Rd, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Yusheng Long
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiuyu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qianhuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Martins B, Amorim M, Reis F, Ambrósio AF, Fernandes R. Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNA: Putative Role in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E705. [PMID: 32759750 PMCID: PMC7463887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complex, progressive, and heterogenous retinal degenerative disease associated with diabetes duration. It is characterized by glial, neural, and microvascular dysfunction, being the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown a hallmark of the early stages. In advanced stages, there is formation of new blood vessels, which are fragile and prone to leaking. This disease, if left untreated, may result in severe vision loss and eventually legal blindness. Although there are some available treatment options for DR, most of them are targeted to the advanced stages of the disease, have some adverse effects, and many patients do not adequately respond to the treatment, which demands further research. Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are closely associated processes that play a critical role in the development of DR. Retinal cells communicate with each other or with another one, using cell junctions, adhesion contacts, and secreted soluble factors that can act in neighboring or long-distance cells. Another mechanism of cell communication is via secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), through exchange of material. Here, we review the current knowledge on deregulation of cell-to-cell communication through EVs, discussing the changes in miRNA expression profiling in body fluids and their role in the development of DR. Thereafter, current and promising therapeutic agents for preventing the progression of DR will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.A.); (F.R.); (A.F.A.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.A.); (F.R.); (A.F.A.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.A.); (F.R.); (A.F.A.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.A.); (F.R.); (A.F.A.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.A.); (F.R.); (A.F.A.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhou L, Zhang S, Zhang L, Li F, Sun H, Feng J. MiR-199a-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells and retinal pericytes of diabetic retinopathy rats through regulating FGF7 via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:19-31. [PMID: 32586178 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1783556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MiR-199a-3p is low expressed in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we investigated the effects of miR-199a-3p on DR and the potential mechanisms. METHODS A DR rat model was established, and endothelial cells (ECs) and retinal pericytes (RPs) were extracted from the DR model rats to detect miR-199a-3p expression. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) was a target gene for miR-199a-3p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase assay. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, wound-healing, and Transwell assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of mRNAs and proteins. RESULTS MiR-199a-3p was low expressed and FGF7 was high-expressed in ECs and RPs. Overexpressed miR-199a-3p suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and FGF7 expression of ECs and RPs. However, overexpression of FGF7 effectively eliminated the suppressive effects of miR-199a-3p overexpression malignant behaviors of the cells. Meanwhile, up-regulation of FGF7 noticeably reversed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) reduced by miR-199a-3p. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that in the DR rat model, miR-199a-3p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC and RP through targeting FGF7 and inhibiting the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. This study may provide a new direction for the search for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Suozhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Operating Room, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
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21
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Lu JM, Zhang ZZ, Ma X, Fang SF, Qin XH. Repression of microRNA-21 inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis via PTEN dependent-PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2020; 190:107886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Chen X, Yu X, Li X, Li L, Li F, Guo T, Guan C, Miao L, Cao G. MiR-126 targets IL-17A to enhance proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:277-283. [PMID: 31608649 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which results in vision loss. This study explored the role of miR-126 in high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the expression levels of miR-126 and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in high-glucose-induced HRECs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Functionally, overexpression of miR-126 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HRECs, while IL-17A reversed the effects induced by miR-126. However, overexpression of IL-17A inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis, while knockdown of IL-17A accelerated the proliferation and repressed apoptosis. In addition, miR-126 repressed the expression of IL-17A, Bax, and caspase-3, while promoting the expression of survivin and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT; restoration of IL-17A rescued these effects. Furthermore, IL-17A was identified as a target of miR-126. This indicates that miR-126 enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HRECs by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway, increasing survivin levels, and decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expression by targeting IL-17A, suggesting that miR-126 could be a novel target for preventing DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuequn Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuihong Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoping Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Qian YY, Wu HY, Liu GQ, Ren C, Lu PR, Zhang XG. Blockade of insulin receptor substrate-1 inhibits biological behavior of choroidal endothelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1386-1394. [PMID: 31544031 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of blockade of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) on the bio-function of tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells (HCECs). METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine the expression level of IRS-1 and phospho-IRS-1 in HCECs. Tube formation of HCECs was analyzed using three dimensional in vitro Matrigel assay with or without IRS-1 blockage via IRS-1 inhibitor (GS-101) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor. In addition, cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and Transwell migration assay were exerted to analyze the effects of blockade of IRS-1 on the bio-function of proliferation and migration of HCECs, respectively. The apoptosis of HCECs was examined using flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that IRS-1 phospho-IRS-1 were expressed in HCECs and the expression level was enhanced by stimulation of VEGF-A. The number of tube formation was decreased significantly in GS-101 treated groups compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) treated control groups. Furthermore, both cell proliferation and migration of HCECs were decreased in the presence of GS-101. FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis of HCECs was enhanced when the cells were treated with GS-101. Western blot also showed that the expression level of cleaved-caspase 3 in GS-101 treated group was higher than that in control group. CONCLUSION Blockade of IRS-1 can inhibit tube formation of HCECs through reducing cell proliferation and migration and promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yong Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong-Ya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Qin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chi Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Rong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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24
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Pedini F, De Luca G, Felicetti F, Puglisi R, Boe A, Arasi MB, Fratini F, Mattia G, Spada M, Caporali S, Biffoni M, Giuliani A, Carè A, Felli N. Joint action of miR-126 and MAPK/PI3K inhibitors against metastatic melanoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1836-1854. [PMID: 31115969 PMCID: PMC6717748 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data support the rationale of combined therapies in advanced melanoma. Specifically, the combined use of drugs with different mechanisms of action can reduce the probability of selecting resistant clones. To identify agents active against melanoma cells, we screened a library of 349 anti‐cancer compounds, currently in clinical use or trials, and selected PIK‐75, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, as the ‘top active’ drug. PIK‐75 was then used alone or in combination with vemurafenib, the first BRAF inhibitor approved for patients with melanoma harboring BRAF mutations. We identified a combined dose of PIK‐75 and vemurafenib that inhibited both the PI3K/AKT and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, thereby overcoming any compensatory activation. In view of the important tumor suppressor function induced by restoring expression of microRNA (miR)‐126 in metastatic melanoma cells, we examined whether miR‐126 has a synergistic role when included in a triple combination alongside PIK‐75 and vemurafenib. We found that enforced expression of miR‐126 (which alone can reduce tumorigenicity) significantly increased PIK‐75 activity when used as either a single agent or in combination with vemurafenib. Interestingly, PIK‐75 proved to be effective against early passage cell lines derived from patients’ biopsies and on melanoma cell lines resistant to either vemurafenib or dabrafenib, thus suggesting that it potentially has the capability to overcome drug resistance. Finally, the synergistic role played by miR‐126 in combination with vemurafenib and/or PIK‐75 was demonstrated in vivo in mouse xenograft models, in which tumor growth inhibition was associated with increased apoptosis. These results not only show the efficacy of PIK‐75 and vemurafenib co‐treatment but also indicate that restoration of miR‐126 expression in advanced melanoma can enhance their antitumor activity, which may possibly allow dose reduction to decrease adverse events without reducing the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Arasi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Felli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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25
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Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Niazpour F, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. The role of microRNAs in the regulation of insulin signaling pathway with respect to metabolic and mitogenic cascades: A review. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19290-19309. [PMID: 31364207 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a shared pathological condition among type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders. It is growing significantly all over the world and consequently, a substantial effort is needed for developing the potential novel diagnostics and therapeutics. An insulin signaling pathway is tightly modulated by different mechanisms including the epigenetic modifications. Today, a deal of great attention has been shifted towards the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs on target proteins of the insulin signaling pathway. Noncoding RNAs are a major area of the epigenetics which control gene expression at the posttranscriptional levels and include a large class of microRNAs (miRNAs). With this in view, many studies have implicated the mediatory effects of miRNAs on the downstream metabolic and mitogenic proteins of the insulin signaling pathway. Since providing new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of IR and related metabolic traits are very significant, we intended to review the possible role of miRNAs in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway, with a primary focus on the downstream target proteins of the metabolic and mitogenic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Niazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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MiRNA-144-3p inhibits high glucose induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181788. [PMID: 31292167 PMCID: PMC6658725 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of blindness, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often found in the developed countries. Our previous study identified a down-regulated miRNA: miR-144-3p in response to hyperglycemia. The present study aims to investigate the role of miR-144-3p in proliferation of microvascular epithelial cells. Endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose, after which miR-144-3p were detected with real-time PCR assay. MiR-144-3p mimics or inhibitors were used to increase or knockdown the level of this miRNA. Western blotting assay and ELISA assay were used to measure the expression and concentration of VEGF protein. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) labeled cell cycle assay was used to detect cells in S phase. MiRNA targets were predicted by using a TargetScan tool, and were further verified by luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, we focussed on a significantly down-regulated miRNA, miR-144-3p, and investigated its role in high glucose (HG) induced cell proliferation. Our data showed that miR-144-3p mimics significantly inhibited HG induced cell proliferation and reduced the percentage of cells in S phase. HG induced up-regulation of VEGF was also prohibited by miR-144-3p mimics. Through wound-healing assay, we found that miR-144-3p suppressed cell migration after HG treatments. Moreover, we predicted and proved that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)16 is a direct target of miR-144-3p. Finally, miR-144-3p attenuated HG induced MAPK activation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-144-3p inhibited high glucose-induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16 and MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting a possible role of miR-144-FGF16 in the development of DR.
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27
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Zhang ZZ, Qin XH, Zhang J. MicroRNA-183 inhibition exerts suppressive effects on diabetic retinopathy by inactivating BTG1-mediated PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1050-E1060. [PMID: 30835506 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious diabetic complication caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Molecular mechanisms of DR may lead to the discovery of reliable prognostic indicators. The current study aimed to clarify the mechanism of microRNA-183 (miR-183) in DR in relation to the PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of DR was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the establishment of DR models, and then miR-183 was altered by mimic or inhibitor or BTG1 was downregulated by siRNA to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-183 in DR. Furthermore, the expression of miR-183, CD34, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), BTG1 and the PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway-related genes as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined, and the relationship between miR-183 and BTG1 was also verified. Cell growth, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis were determined. Microarray analysis revealed the involvement of miR-183 in DR via the PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway by targeting BTG1. Upregulated miR-183 and downregulated BTG1 were observed in retinal tissues of DR rats. miR-183 overexpression activated the PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway, upregulated CD34, eNOS, and ROS, and inhibited BTG1. BTG1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-183. miR-183 overexpression or BTG1 knockdown promoted cell growth and tube formation while it suppressed cell apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in DR rats. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-183 silencing inhibiting cell growth and tube formation in vascular endothelial cells of DR rats via the PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway by upregulating BTG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Hong Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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28
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MicroRNAs as Regulators of Insulin Signaling: Research Updates and Potential Therapeutic Perspectives in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123705. [PMID: 30469501 PMCID: PMC6321520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway is composed of a large number of molecules that positively or negatively modulate insulin specific signal transduction following its binding to the cognate receptor. Given the importance of the final effects of insulin signal transduction, it is conceivable that many regulators are needed in order to tightly control the metabolic or proliferative functional outputs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively modulate gene expression through their specific binding within the 3′UTR sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA), thus causing mRNA decoy or translational inhibition. In the last decade, miRNAs have been addressed as pivotal cellular rheostats which control many fundamental signaling pathways, including insulin signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that multiple alterations of miRNAs expression or function are relevant for the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D); such alterations have been highlighted in multiple insulin target organs including liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Indirectly, miRNAs have been identified as modulators of inflammation-derived insulin resistance, by controlling/tuning the activity of innate immune cells in insulin target tissues. Here, we review main findings on miRNA functions as modulators of insulin signaling in physiologic- or in T2D insulin resistance- status. Additionally, we report the latest hypotheses of prospective therapies involving miRNAs as potential targets for future drugs in T2D.
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29
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Mirra P, Nigro C, Prevenzano I, Leone A, Raciti GA, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. The Destiny of Glucose from a MicroRNA Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29535681 PMCID: PMC5834423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose serves as a primary, and for some tissues the unique, fuel source in order to generate and maintain the biological functions. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and is the direct consequence of perturbations in the glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance, referred to as a reduced response of target tissues to the hormone, contributes to the development of hyperglycemia. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the altered glucose homeostasis are numerous and not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as regulators of the lipid and glucose metabolism and are involved in the onset of metabolic diseases. Indeed, these small non-coding RNA molecules operate in the RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and may modulate the levels of kinases and enzymes in the glucose metabolism. Therefore, a better characterization of the function of miRNAs and a deeper understanding of their role in disease may represent a fundamental step toward innovative treatments addressing the causes, not only the symptoms, of hyperglycemia, using approaches aimed at restoring either miRNAs or their specific targets. In this review, we outline the current understanding regarding the impact of miRNAs in the glucose metabolism and highlight the need for further research focused on altered key kinases and enzymes in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mirra
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Prevenzano
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Leone
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudia Miele,
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