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Sakatani A, Hayashi Y, Saiki H, Kato M, Uema R, Inoue T, Kimura K, Yoshii S, Tsujii Y, Shinzaki S, Iijima H, Takehara T. A novel role for Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in negative regulation of autophagy in human gastric cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37740192 PMCID: PMC10517455 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in many cancers, including gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is a well-known virulent factor in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection that plays a critical role in gastric inflammation and gastric cancer development. However, its role in autophagy during these processes remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the role of CagA in autophagy in CagA-related inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the autophagic index of AGS cells infected with wild-type cagA-positive H. pylori (Hp-WT) and cagA-knockout H. pylori (Hp-ΔcagA) and rat gastric mucosal (RGM1) cells transfected with CagA genes. To identify the mechanisms underlying the down regulation of autophagy in AGS cells infected with H. pylori, we evaluated protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagy core proteins using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To determine whether autophagy induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we evaluated COX-2 expression in AGS cells treated with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor and infected with H. pylori. In addition, we evaluated whether COX-2 protein expression in AGS cells influenced beclin-1 (BECN1) expression with si-RNA transfection when infected with H. pylori. RESULTS Autophagic flux assay using chloroquine showed that autophagy in AGS cells was significantly suppressed after H. pylori infection. The autophagic index of AGS cells infected with Hp-WT was decreased significantly when compared with that in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. The autophagic index of RGM1 cells transfected with CagA was lower, suggesting that CagA inhibits autophagy. In addition, BECN1 expression levels in AGS cells infected with Hp-WT were reduced compared to those in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in AGS cells infected with H. pylori was controlled in an autophagy-dependent manner. When AGS cells were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for BECN1 and infected with Hp-WT and Hp-ΔcagA, COX-2 was upregulated significantly in cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the H. pylori CagA protein negatively regulated autophagy by downregulating BECN1. CagA-induced autophagy inhibition may be a causative factor in promoting pro-inflammatory mediator production in human gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sakatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Saiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Uema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Zhang Z, Miao L, Wang S, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Yun H, Ren Z, Wang G, Teng M, Li Y. Study on the expression of c-Met in gastric cancer and its correlation with preoperative serum tumor markers and prognosis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:204. [PMID: 35710379 PMCID: PMC9202172 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that c-Met plays a critical role in the progression of solid tumors. This study aimed to investigate the expression of c-Met in gastric cancer (GC) and its correlation with preoperative serum tumor markers and prognosis, in order to provide a more theoretical basis for targeting c-Met in the treatment of GC. Methods Ninety-seven patients who underwent curative gastrectomy in our hospital from December 2013 to September 2015 were included in this study. The tissue microarray was constructed by paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of enrolled patients, including 97 GC points and 83 paracancerous points. Then, it was used for c-Met immunohistochemical staining, followed by an immunological H-score. The clinical baseline data and 5-year survival of patients with low and high c-Met expression were compared. Besides, the correlation between the expression of c-Met in tumor tissues and preoperative serum tumor markers was investigated. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to explore the survival risk factors of patients. Results c-Met has a high expression rate in GC tissues 64.95% (63/97). The expression of c-Met was significantly different in different clinicopathological stages (p < 0.05); the high expression group also had a higher M stage and clinicopathological stage of GC. The correlation test between the c-Met H-score and CA125 was statistically significant (p = 0.004), indicating a positive correlation. Furthermore, high c-Met expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS) for 5 years (p = 0.005). It was also found that the high expression of c-Met in stage I–II patients was correlative with poor OS for 5 years (p = 0.026), while stage III–IV patients had no statistical significance (p > 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that c-Met might be an independent risk factor for survival 5 years after surgery. Conclusion This study found that the high expression of c-Met in GC tissues was associated with poor 5-year OS in GC patients and was an independent risk factor for 5-year survival after curative gastrectomy. The expression of c-Met in GC tissues was also positively correlated with preoperative serum CA125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730900, China
| | - Lele Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730900, China
| | - Heng Yun
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730900, China
| | - Zhijian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Role of PTEN, PI3K, and mTOR in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111247. [PMID: 34833123 PMCID: PMC8621563 DOI: 10.3390/life11111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype and is associated with high recurrence rates, high incidence of distant metastases, and poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway as one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer. We aimed to explore the impact of PI3K and mTOR oncogenes as well as the PTEN tumor suppressor on TNBC clinical behavior, prognosis, and multidrug resistance (MDR), using immunohistochemistry and copy number analysis by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results revealed that loss of PTEN and high expression of PI3K and mTOR proteins are associated with poor outcome of TNBC patients. PTEN deletions appeared as a major cause of reduced or absent PTEN expression in TNBC. Importantly, homozygous deletions of PTEN (and not hemizygous deletions) are a potential molecular marker of metastasis formation and good predictors of TNBC outcome. In conclusion, we believe that concurrent examination of PTEN/PI3K/mTOR protein expression may be more useful in predicting TNBC clinical course than the analysis of single protein expression. Specifically, our results showed that PTEN-reduced/PI3K-high/mTOR-high expression constitutes a ‘high risk’ profile of TNBC.
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Sukhan DS, Vernygorodskyi SV, Haidukov NV, Ludkevich HP. Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Interaction with Cells of Gastric Mucosa. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Li L, Liu D, Jin J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Song J, Li W, Huang Y. PI3K expression predicts overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4889-4898. [PMID: 31949564 PMCID: PMC6962901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) is considered a hallmark in tumor initiation and progression, but its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. METHODS In the present study, we included 118 NSCLC tissue samples and 13 adjacent normal lung tissue specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to test PI3K/p-PI3K expression. Pearson Chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier curve were conducted to analyze its correlation with both clinicopathological features and prognosis in NSCLC patients. RESULTS PI3K/p-PI3K expression in lung cancer tissue differed significantly from that of normal lung tissue (P < 0.001). M stage was significantly correlated to PI3K expression (P = 0.037), but no significant association was found between p-PI3K expression and clinical characteristics. Neither PI3K nor p-PI3K were correlated to overall survival of NSCLC patients (P = 0.105 and P = 0.190, respectively). However, it was found in subgroup analysis that lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive PI3K expression had a favorable survival (P = 0.043). Notably, this correlation was determined invalid in subsequent multivariate analysis (P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS PI3K could predict the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients, but failed to be an independent prognostic predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Biomarkers of gastric cancer: Current topics and future perspective. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2818-2832. [PMID: 30018477 PMCID: PMC6048430 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Lu G, Wang X, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Zhou L. Value of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 in predicting metastasis and prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3628-3637. [PMID: 31949743 PMCID: PMC6962848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), is able to translocate into gastric epithelial cells. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (also named as HER2, is a proto-oncogene which can encode a transmembrane receptor), Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, a biomarker of cancer stem cells), and KiSS-1 (a suppressor gene of cancer metastasis) are all valuably predictive biomarkers for various human cancers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations among CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and their respective associations with clinical characteristics and survival in GAC. METHODS The expression of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 in 232 cases of whole GAC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Patient clinical and survival data were also collected. RESULTS Positive expression of CagA, HER2, and ALDH1 is significantly higher, and positive expression of KiSS-1 is significantly lower, in GAC tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, the positive expression of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 were significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages, and with patients' overall survival (OS); whereas the KiSS-1 positive group had longer OS than did the KiSS-1 negative group. In logistic analysis, positive expression of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 are significantly associated with LNM of patients with GAC. COX regression analysis indicated that positive expression of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1, and tumor stages, LNM stages, and TNM stages were independent prognostic factors for patients with GAC. CONCLUSIONS Expression of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 should be considered as promising biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis, as well as potential therapeutic targets for GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Zenong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
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