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Jitian Mihulecea CR, Frățilă S, Rotaru M. Clinical-dermoscopic similarities between atypical nevi and early stage melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:854. [PMID: 34178127 PMCID: PMC8220634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical (Clark) nevi are benign tumors that may be considered precursors of melanoma. Many studies acknowledge a linear progression from typical to atypical nevi that eventually transform into melanoma. It is often challenging to differentiate a Clark nevus from melanoma, especially in its early stages, due to their clinical, dermoscopic, and histological resemblance. Dermoscopy is a powerful tool in early melanoma diagnosis, but it is a subjective method of examination. Therefore, the use of dermoscopic algorithms and checklists can overcome this issue. In the case of a difficult diagnosis, since both dermoscopy and histopathological exam are subjective methods of examination, modern molecular biology techniques can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. This study aimed to test the accuracy of specific clinical and dermoscopic criteria in order to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, with a secondary objective to provide an overview of the clinical and dermoscopic features of atypical nevi and melanoma. In the present study, dermoscopic algorithms did not necessarily help distinguish benign and malignant tumors but demonstrated that nevi and melanoma have similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Raluca Jitian Mihulecea
- Dermatology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania.,Doctoral Studies, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Simona Frățilă
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.,Dermatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Rotaru
- Dermatology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania.,Doctoral Studies, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.,Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 'Lucian Blaga' University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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Berghe AS, Cobzac G, Dindelegan G, Șenilă SC, Baican CI, Solomon CM, Rogojan L, Leucuța DC, Drugan TC, Bolboacă SD. Risk factors for positive sentinel lymph node, lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination over time in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:730. [PMID: 34055049 PMCID: PMC8145265 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of localization, age or sex and histopathological characteristics upon the chance of developing lymphatic or hematogenous metastatic spread over time, or a positive sentinel lymph node in cutaneous melanoma patients. Patients from the Department of Dermatology, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), presenting with cutaneous melanoma confirmed histopathologically and a SPECT/CT or lymphoscintigraphic examination to detect the sentinel lymph node, were included in the present study. Our results revealed that Breslow index >2 mm [odds ratio (OR)=4.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12; 15.93)], presence of ulceration [OR=6.01, 95% CI (1.87; 19.35)], and positive sentinel lymph node [for at least one sentinel lymph node OR=3.58, 95% CI (1.06; 12.04)] were risk factors for hematogenous metastases. All these, except for the Breslow index >2 mm, were demonstrated to be a risk factor for lymphatic spread metastases over time. Ulceration and male sex also represented risk factors for a positive sentinel lymph node, men having a higher risk of developing sentinel lymph nodes than women [adjusted OR=2.27, 95% CI (1.00; 5.13)]. In conclusion, the predictors that influence the occurrence of lymphatic or hematogenous metastases may differ, ulceration and positive sentinel lymph node being common for both types of metastatic spread, while Breslow index being a significant predictor only for hematogenous metastases. Male sex and the presence of ulceration were demonstrated to be significant risk factors for positive sentinel lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Berghe
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Cobzac
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - George Dindelegan
- Department of Surgery I, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona C Șenilă
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina I Baican
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carolina M Solomon
- Department of Radiology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liliana Rogojan
- Department of Pathology, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel C Leucuța
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor C Drugan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Withaferin A-A Promising Phytochemical Compound with Multiple Results in Dermatological Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092407. [PMID: 33919088 PMCID: PMC8122412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases. In drug chemistry, WFA in silico approaches have identified favorite biological targets, stimulating and accelerating research to evaluate its pharmacological activity—numerous anticancer effects manifested in various organs (breast, pancreas, skin, colon, etc.), antivirals, anti-infective, etc., which are not yet sufficiently explored. This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant specialized papers in the field that are focused on the use of WFA in dermatological diseases, describing its mechanism of action while providing, at the same time, details about the results of its testing in in vitro/in vivo studies.
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Forsea AM. Melanoma Epidemiology and Early Detection in Europe: Diversity and Disparities. Dermatol Pract Concept 2020; 10:e2020033. [PMID: 32642304 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1003a33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma claims annually more than 20,000 lives in Europe and is an important public health burden through its continuously increasing incidence and with its high mortality, costs, and complexity of care in advanced stages. Epidemiological surveillance is indispensable for the research into its causes, new prognostic markers, and innovative therapies, as well as for the building of efficient cancer control plans. However, important differences in the sources and availability of accurate epidemiological data exist among European countries and regions, contributing to a heterogeneous picture with 20-fold differences in the reported national melanoma incidence rates, divergent mortality trends, and solid disparities in survival across the Continent. Countries in the eastern half of Europe report the lowest incidence rates, but high case fatality, persisting and increasing mortality, a higher proportion of thicker tumors and late diagnosis, and lower survival rates. They are the least well equipped with quality cancer registration and reporting, and they lag behind in efficient cancer control plans implementation. This review highlights the main differences in melanoma epidemiology across Europe, together with an insight into their underlying causes in the areas of melanoma registration, early diagnosis, and prevention. These differences should be acknowledged and understood by physicians, researchers, and all stakeholders involved in improving melanoma care and outcomes, as no one-size-fits-all solution can tackle the melanoma problem in Europe. Instead, there is a need for nuanced strategies, adapted to the heterogeneous national and regional contexts, that would build on European diversity to eliminate the outcome disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Forsea
- Oncologic Dermatology Department, Elias University Hospital; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Inhibitory Effect of Cuphea aequipetala Extracts on Murine B16F10 Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8560527. [PMID: 31275985 PMCID: PMC6560323 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8560527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cuphea aequipetala (C. aequipetala) has been used in Mexican traditional medicine since prehispanic times to treat tumors. In this paper, we evaluated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. aequipetala on several cancer cell lines including the B16F10 cell line of murine melanoma and carried a murine model assay. In vitro assay analyzed the effect in the cellular cycle and several indicators of apoptosis, such as the caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure (Annexin-V), and induction of cell membrane permeabilization (propidium iodide) in the B16F10 cells. In vivo, groups of C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 5x105 B16F10 cells and treated with 25 mg/mL of C. aequipetala extracts via oral. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a cytotoxic effect in MCF-7, HepG2, and B16F10 cell lines. The methanolic extract showed more antiproliferative effect with less concentration, and for this reason, the in vitro experiments were only continued with it. This extract was able to induce accumulation of cells on G1 phase of the cell cycle; moreover, it was able to induce DNA fragmentation and increase the activity of caspase-3 in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, in the murine model of melanoma, the aqueous extract showed a greater reduction of tumor size in comparison with the methanolic extract, showing an 80% reduction versus one of around 31%, both compared with the untreated control, indicating a better antitumor effect of C. aequipetala aqueous extract via oral administration. In conclusion, the in vitro data showed that both C. aequipetala extracts were able to induce cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway in B16F10 cells, and in vivo, the oral administration of aqueous extract reduces the melanoma tumoral mass, suggesting an important antitumoral effect and the perspective to search for effector molecules involved in it.
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Neagu M, Boda D. The 2nd Conference of the Romanian Society of Immuno-Dermatology, Bucharest, September 27-29, 2018. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4053-4054. [PMID: 30944597 PMCID: PMC6444328 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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