1
|
Li Y, Lou J, Hong S, Hou D, Lv Y, Guo Z, Wang K, Xu Y, Zhai Y, Liu H. The role of heavy metals in the development of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 37400750 PMCID: PMC10316626 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship among 18 heavy metals, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, ERCC1, XRCC1 (rs25487), BRAF V600E and 5 tumor markers and their role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A total of 101 CRC patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. The levels of 18 heavy metals were measured by ICP-MS. MSI status and the genetic polymorphism were determined by PCR (FP205-02, Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) and Sanger sequencing. Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship among various factors. RESULTS The level of selenium (Se) was lower in the CRC group compared with the control group (p < 0.01), while vanadium (V), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) were higher (p < 0.05), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in the CRC group than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Cr, Cu, As and Ba were the risk factors for CRC. In addition, CRC was positively correlated with V, Cr, Cu, As, Sn, Ba and Pb, but negatively correlated with Se. MSI was positively correlated with BRAF V600E, but negatively correlated with ERCC1. BRAF V600E was positively correlated with antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), CA19-9, NSE, AFP and CK19. XRCC1 (rs25487) was found to be positively correlated with Se but negatively correlated with Co. The levels of Sb and Tl were significantly higher in the BRAF V600E positive group compared to the negative group. The mRNA expression level of ERCC1 was significantly higher (P = 0.035) in MSS compared to MSI. And there was a significant correlation between XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism and MSI status (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that low level of Se and high levels of V, As, Sn, Ba, Pb, Cr, and Cu increased the risk of CRC. Sb and Tl may cause BRAF V600E mutations, leading to MSI. XRCC1 (rs25487) was positively correlated with Se but negatively correlated with Co. The expression of ERCC1 may be related to MSS, while the XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism is related to MSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Jingwei Lou
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Shaozhong Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Dengfeng Hou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yandong Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Hongzhou Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Q, Liu C, Wang X, Rong K, Zhu M, Duan L, Zheng P, Mi Y. Exploring the mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of colon cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1102581. [PMID: 36874006 PMCID: PMC9975159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Curcumin is a plant polyphenol extracted from the Chinese herb turmeric. It was found that curcumin has good anti-cancer properties in a variety of cancers, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking to deeply investigate the molecular mechanism of curcumin for the treatment of colon cancer, it provides a new research direction for the treatment of colon cancer. Methods: Curcumin-related targets were collected using PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, Targetnet and SuperPred. Colon cancer related targets were obtained using OMIM, DisGeNET, GeneCards and GEO databases. Drug-disease intersection targets were obtained via Venny 2.1.0. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of drug-disease common targets were performed using DAVID. Construct PPI network graphs of intersecting targets using STRING database as well as Cytoscape 3.9.0 and filter core targets. Molecular docking via AutoDockTools 1.5.7. The core targets were further analyzed by GEPIA, HPA, cBioPortal and TIMER databases. Results: A total of 73 potential targets of curcumin for the treatment of colon cancer were obtained. GO function enrichment analysis yielded 256 entries, including BP(Biological Progress):166, CC(celluar component):36 and MF(Molecular Function):54. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis yielded 34 signaling pathways, mainly involved in Metabolic pathways, Nucleotide metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Drug metabolism - other enzymes, Pathways in cancer,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. CDK2, HSP90AA1, AURKB, CCNA2, TYMS, CHEK1, AURKA, DNMT1, TOP2A, and TK1 were identified as core targets by Cytoscape 3.9.0. Molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of curcumin to the core targets were all less than 0 kJ-mol-1, suggesting that curcumin binds spontaneously to the core targets. These results were further validated in terms of mRNA expression levels, protein expression levels and immune infiltration. Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking initially revealed that curcumin exerts its therapeutic effects on colon cancer with multi-target, multi-pathway. Curcumin may exert anticancer effects by binding to core targets. Curcumin may interfere with colon cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating signal transduction pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway, Cell cycle. This will deepen and enrich our understanding of the potential mechanism of curcumin against colon cancer and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang Rong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liying Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
CHK2 activation contributes to the development of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1615-1628. [PMID: 35999268 PMCID: PMC9596403 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer type, causes high morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop drug resistance to oxaliplatin-based regimens have short overall survival. Thus, identifying molecules involved in the development of oxaliplatin resistance is critical for designing therapeutic strategies. METHODS A proteomic screen was performed to reveal altered protein kinase phosphorylation in oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) CRC tumour spheroids. The function of CHK2 was characterised using several biochemical techniques and evident using in vitro cell and in vivo tumour models. RESULTS We revealed that the level of phospho-CHK2(Thr68) was elevated in OR CRC cells and in ~30% of tumour samples from patients with OR CRC. We demonstrated that oxaliplatin activated several phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) and CHK2 downstream effectors and enhanced CHK2/PARP1 interaction to facilitate DNA repair. A phosphorylation mimicking CHK2 mutant, CHK2T68D, but not a kinase-dead CHK2 mutant, CHK2D347A, promoted DNA repair, the CHK2/PARP1 interaction, and cell growth in the presence of oxaliplatin. Finally, we showed that a CHK2 inhibitor, BML-277, reduced protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), FANCD2 monoubiquitination, homologous recombination and OR CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CHK2 activity is critical for modulating oxaliplatin response and that CHK2 is a potential therapeutic target for OR CRC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang YJ, Huang MY, Cheng TL, Kuo SH, Ke CC, Chen YT, Hsieh YC, Wang JY, Cheng CM, Chuang CH. ERCC1 Overexpression Increases Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194798. [PMID: 36230725 PMCID: PMC9563575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The 20–30% of locally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy had no expected efficacy, and ERCC1 overexpression was found in these tumor tissue patients. In the interest of confirming and adding details to our understanding of that correlation, The Tet-on gene expression system was used to examine ERCC1 functionality and stability. Our data from regulatable HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on cell lines verified the increased radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells that are associated with ERCC1 overexpression, and they confirmed a high correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiotherapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, overexpression of ERCC1 also increases cell migration under radiation exposure. Additional data from ERCC1 expression regulation in vivo confirmed that the overexpression of increased cancer radiation resistance suggests that ERCC1 expression plays a key role. Abstract Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients, but 20–30% do not benefit from the desired therapeutic effects. Previous reports indicate that high levels of ERCC1 reduce the effectiveness of cisplatin-based CCRT; however, it remains unclear as to whether ERCC1 overexpression increases radiation resistance. To clarify the correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiation (RT) resistance, we established two cell lines (HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on), induced them to overexpress ERCC1, detected cell survival following exposure to radiation, established HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models, and detected tumor volume following exposure to radiation. We found that ERCC1 overexpression increased radiation resistance. After regulating ERCC1 levels and radiation exposure to verify the correlation, we noted that increased radiation resistance was dependent on ERCC1 upregulation in both cell lines. For further verification, we exposed HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models to radiation and observed that ERCC1 overexpression increased colorectal cancer tumor radioresistance in both. Combined, our results suggest that ERCC1 overexpression may serve as a suitable CCRT prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Techology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2353)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahiminejad S, Maurya MR, Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Modular and mechanistic changes across stages of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:436. [PMID: 35448980 PMCID: PMC9022252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mechanisms contributing to the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well studied, cancer stage-specific mechanisms have been less comprehensively explored. This is the focus of this manuscript. METHODS Using previously published data for CRC (Gene Expression Omnibus ID GSE21510), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four stages of the disease. We then generated unweighted and weighted correlation networks for each of the stages. Communities within these networks were detected using the Louvain algorithm and topologically and functionally compared across stages using the normalized mutual information (NMI) metric and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. We also used Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm to detect potential biomarkers having a role in CRC. RESULTS Sixteen Thousand Sixty Two DEGs were identified between various stages (p-value ≤ 0.05). Comparing communities of different stages revealed that neighboring stages were more similar to each other than non-neighboring stages, at both topological and functional levels. A functional analysis of 24 cancer-related pathways indicated that several signaling pathways were enriched across all stages. However, the stage-unique networks were distinctly enriched only for a subset of these 24 pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway in stages I-III and Notch signaling pathway in stages III and IV). We identified potential biomarkers, including HOXB8 and WNT2 with increasing, and MTUS1 and SFRP2 with decreasing trends from stages I to IV. Extracting subnetworks of 10 cancer-relevant genes and their interacting first neighbors (162 genes in total) revealed that the connectivity patterns for these genes were different across stages. For example, BRAF and CDK4, members of the Ser/Thr kinase, up-regulated in cancer, displayed changing connectivity patterns from stages I to IV. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report molecular and modular networks for various stages of CRC, providing a pseudo-temporal view of the mechanistic changes associated with the disease. Our analysis highlighted similarities at both functional and topological levels, across stages. We further identified stage-specific mechanisms and biomarkers potentially contributing to the progression of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahiminejad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kavitha Mukund
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu KL, Lee KC, Yen CK, Chen CN, Chang SF, Huang WS. Visfatin and Resveratrol Differentially Regulate the Expression of Thymidylate Synthase to Control the Sensitivity of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells to Capecitabine Cytotoxicity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1371. [PMID: 34947902 PMCID: PMC8704879 DOI: 10.3390/life11121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly lethal malignant cancer. Capecitabine, a 5-fluororacil (5-FU) derivate, is its first-line drug, but the resistance of CRC to capecitabine is still the most challenging factor for curing patients. It has been suggested that thymidylate synthase (TYMS) level might affect the capecitabine efficacy in CRC patients, but the mechanism still needs more elucidation. Obesity is a risk factor for CRC. Recently, a correlation between serum visfatin, an obesity-elicited adipokine, and CRC development has been found. Thus, the aim of present study is to examine the visfatin capacity in TYMS expression and in the development of capecitabine resistance of CRC. Moreover, an attractive natural component, i.e., resveratrol, has been proposed in anticancer therapy and has hence been examined in the present study to see its potential capacity in the alleviation of CRC resistance. Our results found that visfatin significantly reduces the CRC sensitivity to capecitabine by controlling the TYMS expression via p38 signaling and Sp1 transcription factor. Moreover, resveratrol could significantly alleviate the visfatin effect on capecitabine-treated CRC cells. These results provided new insights to understand the capecitabine susceptibility of CRC under a visfatin-containing environment and a possible therapeutic application of resveratrol in CRC patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Lin Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-L.W.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-L.W.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Chia-Kuang Yen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Zhao J, Lv L, Dong D. Identification and Validation of TYMS as a Potential Biomarker for Risk of Metastasis Development in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:762821. [PMID: 34858842 PMCID: PMC8630669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.762821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality. Unfortunately, there are few reports on effective biomarkers for HCC metastasis. This study aimed to discover potential key genes of HCC, which could provide new insights for HCC metastasis. GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) microarray and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) datasets were integrated to screen for candidate genes involved in HCC metastasis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and then we performed enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO), together with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A protein-protein interaction network was then built and analyzed utilizing STRING and Cytoscape, followed by the identification of 10 hub genes by cytoHubba. Four genes were associated with survival, their prognostic value was verified by prognostic signature analysis. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene was identified as significant HCC metastasis-associated genes after mRNA expression validation and IHC analysis. TYMS silencing in HCC cells remarkedly inhibited growth and invasion. Finally, we found TYMS silencing dramatically decrease DNA synthesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, resulting in the inhibition of HCC metastasis, indicating TYMS had close associations with HCC development. These findings provided new insights into HCC metastasis and identified candidate gene prognosis signatures for HCC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karimi L, Jaberi M, Asadi M, Zarredar H, Zafari V, Bornehdeli S, Niknam S, Kermani TA. Significance of microRNA-330-5p/TYMS Expression Axis in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Tumorigenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:965-970. [PMID: 34651293 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. A number of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to CRC progression and treatment response and are thought to be promising prognostic biomarkers for this cancer. microRNA-330 (miR-330-5p) has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation through suppressing thymidylate synthase (TYMS). In the current study, miR-330-5p, TYMS, and their interactions were investigated to evaluate their therapeutic and diagnostic value for CRC treatment. METHODS The expression levels of miR-330-5p and TYMS were evaluated in silico using TCGA datasets for CRC. Data validation was performed on a set of internal samples (100 pairs of CRC tumor specimens and adjacent non-cancerous samples) utilizing real-time PCR assay. The linkage between clinicopathological parameters and expression levels was also investigated. RESULTS TCGA results indicated that miR-330-5p and TYMS were significantly upregulated and downregulated in the CRC, respectively. Real-time PCR results confirmed that the expression of miR-330-5p was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues relative to marginal tissues (P = 0.0005), whereas TYMS expression was significantly downregulated (P = 0.0001). The transcript level of miR-330-5p was associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastases. CONCLUSION The microRNA-330 inhibited cell proliferation by suppressing thymidylate synthase (TYMS) in colorectal cancer. Therefore, suggesting that they are valuable factors for further studies of alternative treatment and diagnostic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Karimi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Jaberi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soghra Bornehdeli
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Niknam
- Department of General Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Touraj Asvadi Kermani
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 5175971583, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Azwar S, Seow HF, Abdullah M, Faisal Jabar M, Mohtarrudin N. Recent Updates on Mechanisms of Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil and Reversal Strategies in Colon Cancer Treatment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:854. [PMID: 34571731 PMCID: PMC8466833 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) remain as the mainstay standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for early stage colon cancer, and the preferred first-line option for metastatic colon cancer patients in combination with oxaliplatin in FOLFOX, or irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimens. Despite treatment success to a certain extent, the incidence of chemotherapy failure attributed to chemotherapy resistance is still reported in many patients. This resistance, which can be defined by tumor tolerance against chemotherapy, either intrinsic or acquired, is primarily driven by the dysregulation of various components in distinct pathways. In recent years, it has been established that the incidence of 5-FU resistance, akin to multidrug resistance, can be attributed to the alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, changes in the cell cycle and DNA-damage repair machinery, regulation of autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell involvement, tumor microenvironment interactions, miRNA dysregulations, epigenetic alterations, as well as redox imbalances. Certain resistance mechanisms that are 5-FU-specific have also been ascertained to include the upregulation of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and the downregulation of thymidine phosphorylase. Indeed, the successful modulation of these mechanisms have been the game plan of numerous studies that had employed small molecule inhibitors, plant-based small molecules, and non-coding RNA regulators to effectively reverse 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. It is hoped that these studies would provide fundamental knowledge to further our understanding prior developing novel drugs in the near future that would synergistically work with 5-FU to potentiate its antitumor effects and improve the patient's overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Azwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohamad KS. Association between 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR Polymorphisms of the TYMS Gene and Breast Cancer in Kurdish Women of Iraq. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1557-1560. [PMID: 34048185 PMCID: PMC8408396 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer found among women worldwide. Many polymorphisms can play a role in the development of this disease. The study was conducted to evaluate whether 2R/3R and 6bp insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the TYMS gene are associated with breast cancer risk in the Kurdish Iraqi population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazhal Shekh Mohamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo L, Zhang Y, Yin Z, Ji Y, Yang G, Qian B, Li S, Wang J, Liang T, Li C, Li X. Screening and identification of genes associated with cell proliferation in cholangiocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2626-2646. [PMID: 32040444 PMCID: PMC7041743 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, is a malignant cancer with increasing incidence and mortality rates. It is important to survey crucial genes in CCA to find and design potential drug targets, especially for those genes associated with cell proliferation that is a key biological process in tumorgenesis. Herein, we surveyed genes associated with cell proliferation via a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis. Candidate genes were further analyzed using multiple approaches, including cross-analysis from diverse molecular levels, examination of potential function and interactions, and additional experimental validation. We primarily screened 15 potential genes based on 11 validated genes, and these 26 genes were further examined to delineate their biological functions and potential roles in cancer treatment. Several of them were involved synthetically lethal genetic interactions, especially for RECQL4, TOP2A, MKI67 and ASPM, indicating their potential roles in drug design and cancer treatment. Further experimental validation indicated that some genes were significantly upregulated in several cancer cell lines, implying their important roles in tumorigenesis. Our study identifies some genes associated with cell proliferation, which may be potential future targets in molecular targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zibo Yin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaya Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guowei Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bowen Qian
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sunjing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|