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Chou PJ, Peter RM, Shannar A, Pan Y, Dave PD, Xu J, Sarwar MS, Kong AN. Epigenetics of Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: Fact or Fiction. Cancer J 2024; 30:320-328. [PMID: 39312452 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer development takes 10 to 50 years, and epigenetics plays an important role. Recent evidence suggests that ~80% of human cancers are linked to environmental factors impinging upon genetics/epigenetics. Because advanced metastasized cancers are resistant to radiation/chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer prevention by relatively nontoxic "epigenetic modifiers" will be logical. Many dietary phytochemicals possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are hallmarks of cancer prevention. Dietary phytochemicals can regulate gene expression of the cellular genome via epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize preclinical studies that demonstrate epigenetic mechanisms of dietary phytochemicals in skin, colorectal, and prostate cancer prevention. Key examples of the importance of epigenetic regulation in carcinogenesis include hypermethylation of the NRF2 promoter region in cancer cells, resulting in inhibition of NRF2-ARE signaling. Many dietary phytochemicals demethylate NRF2 promoter region and restore NRF2 signaling. Phytochemicals can also inhibit inflammatory responses via hypermethylation of inflammation-relevant genes to block gene expression. Altogether, dietary phytochemicals are excellent candidates for cancer prevention due to their low toxicity, potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and powerful epigenetic effects in reversing procarcinogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
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Khan A, Khan A, Khan MA, Malik Z, Massey S, Parveen R, Mustafa S, Shamsi A, Husain SA. Phytocompounds targeting epigenetic modulations: an assessment in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1273993. [PMID: 38596245 PMCID: PMC11002180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants have been serving as sources of potential therapeutic agents. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the effects of plant-derived compounds on epigenetic processes, a novel and captivating Frontier in the field of epigenetics research. Epigenetic changes encompass modifications to DNA, histones, and microRNAs that can influence gene expression. Aberrant epigenetic changes can perturb key cellular processes, including cell cycle control, intercellular communication, DNA repair, inflammation, stress response, and apoptosis. Such disruptions can contribute to cancer development by altering the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. However, these modifications are reversible, offering a unique avenue for therapeutic intervention. Plant secondary compounds, including terpenes, phenolics, terpenoids, and sulfur-containing compounds are widely found in grains, vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants. Numerous plant-derived compounds have demonstrated the potential to target these abnormal epigenetic modifications, including apigenin (histone acetylation), berberine (DNA methylation), curcumin (histone acetylation and epi-miRs), genistein (histone acetylation and DNA methylation), lycopene (epi-miRs), quercetin (DNA methylation and epi-miRs), etc. This comprehensive review highlights these abnormal epigenetic alterations and discusses the promising efficacy of plant-derived compounds in mitigating these deleterious epigenetic signatures in human cancer. Furthermore, it addresses ongoing clinical investigations to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these phytocompounds in cancer treatment, along with their limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zoya Malik
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Saad Mustafa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed A. Husain
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Chen D, Zhang B, Kang K, Li L, Liao Y, Qing S, Di Y. Development of a prognostic model for personalized prediction of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patient outcomes using methylation-driven genes. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:713-721. [PMID: 37589877 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify methylation-driven genes and explore their prognostic value in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to acquire collated COAD transcriptome gene expression matrix (containing 59,427 transcripts), transcriptome gene methylation level matrix (containing 29,602 methylated modified genes), which included 517 samples containing 41 samples of normal tissue (NT) & 476 samples of COAD, and patient clinical information files (including patient survival time, survival status, age, gender and tumor stage, etc.), for all COAD samples. A total of 9807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by DEG analysis of the COAD transcriptional expression matrix, of which 5874 were up-regulated and 3933 were down-regulated. And 46 methylation-driven DEGs (MD-DEGs) in COAD were obtained by DEG analysis, differential analysis of gene methylation levels, and correlation analysis between them. Next, three prognostic associated MD-DEGs (PMD-DEGs) (IDUA, ZBTB18 and C5orf38) were identified by Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic model composed of the three PMD-DEGs was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and cross-validation analysis. In addition, survival analysis, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and independent prognostic analysis were used to evaluate and verify that the prognostic model we constructed could accurately and independently predict the prognosis of COAD patients. Finally, we constructed a nomogram based on the prognosis model to accurately and personalized predict the survival prognosis of COAD patients. In conclusion, we identified the methylation driver gene of COAD and constructed a prognostic model and nomogram to personalized predict the prognosis of patients, which opened a new prospect for accurate diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Kang
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LiKun Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Qing
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YaNan Di
- Gastroenterology Department, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. NRF2 and STAT3: friends or foes in carcinogenesis? Discov Oncol 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 37000324 PMCID: PMC10064365 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NRF2 is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, also through the interaction with several pro-survival pathways. NRF2 controls the transcription of detoxification enzymes and a variety of other molecules impinging in several key biological processes. This perspective will focus on the complex interplay of NRF2 with STAT3, another transcription factor often aberrantly activated in cancer and driving tumorigenesis as well as immune suppression. Both NRF2 and STAT3 can be regulated by ER stress/UPR activation and their cross-talk influences and is influenced by autophagy and cytokines, contributing to shape the microenvironment, and both control the execution of DDR, also by regulating the expression of HSPs. Given the importance of these transcription factors, more investigations aimed at better elucidating the outcome of their networking could help to discover new and more efficacious strategies to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy
- School of Medicine, UniCamillus International University, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Baldi S, He Y, Ivanov I, Sun Y, Feng W, Refat M, Mohammed SAD, Adlat S, Tian Z, Wang Y, Gao Y, Tian H. Novel characterization discoveries of ferroptosis-associated molecules in COAD microenvironment based TCGA data. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1102735. [PMID: 36582202 PMCID: PMC9792841 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the most recent forms of programmed cell death, ferroptosis, is crucial in tumorigenesis. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent oxidative destruction of cellular membranes following the antioxidant system's failure. However, it is unknown whether ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) are associated with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) metastasis, immune cell infiltration, and oxidative stress in COAD. The current study concentrated on FRGs expression in colon cancer metastasis, their relationship to immune cell infiltration (ICI), and potential pathological pathways in COAD. Methods and Results: Clinical information and mRNA expression patterns for patients with COAD metastasis were obtained from the public TCGA database. Patients with low mRNA levels showed good overall survival than patients with high mRNA levels. The genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram was subsequently created by combining risk score and clinicopathological features. Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator have shown a 4 gene signature that can stratify cancer patients into high-risk versus low-risk. These four FRGs were found to be significantly linked to the overall survival of COAD patients and predicted high risk score. Next, age, stage, and PTNM were combined in univariate and multivariate cox regression models to perform a filtering procedure. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves indicated that constructed signature model exhibited high prediction accuracy and clinical relevance in COAD. ARID3A showed a strong negative correlation with a wide range of immune tumour-infiltrating cells in COAD microenvironment. According to the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) results, FRGs are involved in variety of pathological pathways including PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway, response to hypoxia pathway, and other inflammation related pathways. Moreover, dysregulation of FRGs in COAD patients showed a significance correlation with wide range of miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs). Conclusion: We identified new diagnostic biomarkers and established prognostic models for ferroptosis related programmed cell death in COAD metastasis. FRGs may improve tumor cell survival by activating the TGFB pathway, which can stimulate ROS production, accelerates ECM breakdown, and promote tumor progression and invasion. Genes implicated in ferroptosis, as revealed by the Kaplan Meier and a genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram, are potential therapeutic targets and prognosis indications for metastasis COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Baldi
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun He
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Moath Refat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Salah Adlat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zixuan Tian
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Baldi S, He Y, Ivanov I, Khamgan H, Safi M, Alradhi M, Shopit A, Al-Danakh A, Al-Nusaif M, Gao Y, Tian H. Aberrantly hypermethylated ARID1B is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target of colon adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:914354. [PMID: 36313455 PMCID: PMC9614077 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell infiltration (ICI) may help guide immunotherapy efforts for colon cancer (COAD). However, whether ARID1B is truly regulated by hypermethylation or linked to immune infiltration remains unknown. The current work focused on the ARID1B gene expression and methylation in COAD, as well as its relation with ICI. Methods and Results: Multiple tools based on TCGA were used to analyze the differences in the expression of the ARID1B gene, DNA methylation, and its association with various clinicopathological features, somatic mutations, copy number variation, and the prognosis of patients with COAD. According to the analysis results, patients with high mRNA, low methylation levels showed better overall survival than patients with low mRNA, high methylation levels. The correlation analysis of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression showed that the infiltration rates of the main ICI subtypes, cancer-associated fibroblast, and myeloid cells were significantly enriched and correlated with ARID1B in COAD. An association between ARID1B expression and immune infiltration in COAD was found by correlating ICI indicators with ARID1B expression in the immune cell composition of the COAD microenvironment. Notably, M2 chemokines were related to ARID1B expression, while M1 chemokines were not. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that ARID1B may have a role in the pathogenesis of COAD. The specific underlying mechanisms that could be responsible for ARID1B’s downregulation in COAD will need to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Baldi
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
| | - Yun He
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hassan Khamgan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of respiratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Abdullah Shopit
- Academic Integrated Medicine and Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
| | - Hui Tian
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
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Target Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Pulmonary Hypertension: Molecular Insight into Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7845503. [PMID: 35707273 PMCID: PMC9192195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7845503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor involved in maintaining redox balance and activates the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Nrf2 has received wide attention considering its crucial role in oxidative and electrophilic stress. Large amounts of studies have demonstrated the protective role of Nrf2 activation in various pulmonary hypertension (pH) models. Additionally, various kinds of natural phytochemicals acting as Nrf2 activators prevent the development of pH and provide a novel and promising therapeutic insight for the treatment of pH. In the current review, we give a brief introduction of Nrf2 and focus on the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in the pathophysiology of pH and then review the relevant research of Nrf2 agonists in pH in both experimental research and clinical trials.
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Gasparello J, Papi C, Zurlo M, Gambari L, Rozzi A, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Gambari R, Finotti A. Treatment of Human Glioblastoma U251 Cells with Sulforaphane and a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Targeting miR-15b-5p: Synergistic Effects on Induction of Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041299. [PMID: 35209084 PMCID: PMC8875359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal malignant tumor accounting for 42% of the tumors of the central nervous system, the median survival being 15 months. At present, no curative treatment is available for GBM and new drugs and therapeutic protocols are urgently needed. In this context, combined therapy appears to be a very interesting approach. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) has been previously shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth and invasion of GBM cells. On the other hand, the microRNA miR-15b is involved in invasiveness and proliferation in GBM and its inhibition is associated with the induction of apoptosis. On the basis of these observations, the objective of the present study was to determine whether a combined treatment using SFN and a peptide nucleic acid interfering with miR-15b-5p (PNA-a15b) might be proposed for increasing the pro-apoptotic effects of the single agents. To verify this hypothesis, we have treated GMB U251 cells with SFN alone, PNA-a15b alone or their combination. The cell viability, apoptosis and combination index were, respectively, analyzed by calcein staining, annexin-V and caspase-3/7 assays, and RT-qPCR for genes involved in apoptosis. The efficacy of the PNA-a15b determined the miR-15b-5p content analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results obtained indicate that SFN and PNA-a15b synergistically act in inducing the apoptosis of U251 cells. Therefore, the PNA-a15b might be proposed in a “combo-therapy” associated with SFN. Overall, this study suggests the feasibility of using combined treatments based on PNAs targeting miRNA involved in GBM and nutraceuticals able to stimulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chiara Papi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Rozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Alex Manicardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Corradini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0532-974443 (R.G.); +39-0532-974510 (A.F.); Fax: +39-0532-974500 (R.G. & A.F.)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0532-974443 (R.G.); +39-0532-974510 (A.F.); Fax: +39-0532-974500 (R.G. & A.F.)
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Ghasempour G, Mohammadi A, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Soleimani AA, Najafi M. Upregulation of TGF-β type II receptor in high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2869-2875. [PMID: 35066767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus is estimated above 65% due to cardiovascular diseases. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of high-glucose conditions on TGF-β type II receptor (TGFBR2) expression levels, cell viability, and migration rate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS VSMCs were incubated in 30 mM and 50 mM of glucose for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h periods. The gene and protein expression levels were investigated by Real-time qRT-PCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. VSMC migration rate was also studied by wound healing assay. RESULTS The TGFBR2 gene and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in all the groups treated with glucose in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h periods. The cell viability was not significantly affected in values of 30 mM and 50 mM of glucose. The increase of migration rate of VSMCs was not significant. CONCLUSION The results suggested the increased expression levels of TGFBR2 in the response to high glucose conditions may modulate the cellular events through the signaling pathway network in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghasempour
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Soleimani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Molecular and Cellular Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bioactive Compounds in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Diseases: Targeting the NRF2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Regulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121859. [PMID: 34942962 PMCID: PMC8698417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathological condition occurring due to an imbalance between the oxidants and antioxidant defense systems in the body. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), encoded by the gene NFE2L2, is the master regulator of phase II antioxidant enzymes that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. NRF2/ARE signaling has been considered as a promising target against oxidative stress-mediated diseases like diabetes, fibrosis, neurotoxicity, and cancer. The consumption of dietary phytochemicals acts as an effective modulator of NRF2/ARE in various acute and chronic diseases. In the present review, we discussed the role of NRF2 in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cancer, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discussed the phytochemicals like curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin, sulforaphane, and ursolic acid that have effectively modified NRF2 signaling and prevented various diseases in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the literature, it is clear that dietary phytochemicals can prevent diseases by (1) blocking oxidative stress-inhibiting inflammatory mediators through inhibiting Keap1 or activating Nrf2 expression and its downstream targets in the nucleus, including HO-1, SOD, and CAT; (2) regulating NRF2 signaling by various kinases like GSK3beta, PI3/AKT, and MAPK; and (3) modifying epigenetic modulation, such as methylation, at the NRF2 promoter region; however, further investigation into other upstream signaling molecules like NRF2 and the effect of phytochemicals on them still need to be investigated in the near future.
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Epigenetic Pathways in Cancer: A Review on Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Quinones, and Isothiocyanates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113714. [PMID: 34835969 PMCID: PMC8621755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex and systemic diseases affecting the health of mankind, causing major deaths with a significant increase. This pathology is caused by several risk factors, of which genetic disturbances constitute the major elements, which not only initiate tumor transformation but also epigenetic disturbances which are linked to it and which can induce transcriptional instability. Indeed, the involvement of epigenetic disturbances in cancer has been the subject of correlations today, in addition to the use of drugs that operate specifically on different epigenetic pathways. Natural molecules, especially those isolated from medicinal plants, have shown anticancer effects linked to mechanisms of action. The objective of this review is to explore the anticancer effects of alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and isothiocyanates.
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Mierziak J, Kostyn K, Boba A, Czemplik M, Kulma A, Wojtasik W. Influence of the Bioactive Diet Components on the Gene Expression Regulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:3673. [PMID: 34835928 PMCID: PMC8619229 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet bioactive components, in the concept of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, consist of food constituents, which can transfer information from the external environment and influence gene expression in the cell and thus the function of the whole organism. It is crucial to regard food not only as the source of energy and basic nutriments, crucial for living and organism development, but also as the factor influencing health/disease, biochemical mechanisms, and activation of biochemical pathways. Bioactive components of the diet regulate gene expression through changes in the chromatin structure (including DNA methylation and histone modification), non-coding RNA, activation of transcription factors by signalling cascades, or direct ligand binding to the nuclear receptors. Analysis of interactions between diet components and human genome structure and gene activity is a modern approach that will help to better understand these relations and will allow designing dietary guidances, which can help maintain good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Czemplik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
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Vitamin K in COVID-19—Potential Anti-COVID-19 Properties of Fermented Milk Fortified with Bee Honey as a Natural Source of Vitamin K and Probiotics. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K deficiency is evident in severe and fatal COVID-19 patients. It is associated with the cytokine storm, thrombotic complications, multiple organ damage, and high mortality, suggesting a key role of vitamin K in the pathology of COVID-19. To support this view, we summarized findings reported from machine learning studies, molecular simulation, and human studies on the association between vitamin K and SARS-CoV-2. We also investigated the literature for the association between vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and the prognosis of COVID-19. In addition, we speculated that fermented milk fortified with bee honey as a natural source of vitamin K and probiotics may protect against COVID-19 and its severity. The results reported by several studies emphasize vitamin K deficiency in COVID-19 and related complications. However, the literature on the role of VKA and other oral anticoagulants in COVID-19 is controversial: some studies report reductions in (intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality), others report no effect on mortality, while some studies report higher mortality among patients on chronic oral anticoagulants, including VKA. Supplementing fermented milk with honey increases milk peptides, bacterial vitamin K production, and compounds that act as potent antioxidants: phenols, sulforaphane, and metabolites of lactobacilli. Lactobacilli are probiotic bacteria that are suggested to interfere with various aspects of COVID-19 infection ranging from receptor binding to metabolic pathways involved in disease prognosis. Thus, fermented milk that contains natural honey may be a dietary manipulation capable of correcting nutritional and immune deficiencies that predispose to and aggravate COVID-19. Empirical studies are warranted to investigate the benefits of these compounds.
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Improvement of glucosinolates by metabolic engineering in Brassica crops. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:314-329. [PMID: 36303883 PMCID: PMC9590530 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a class of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing, and amino acid-derived important secondary metabolites, which mainly present in plants of Brassicaceae family, including Brassica crops, such as broccoli, cabbage, and oilseed rape. The bioactive GSL metabolites confer benefits to plant defense, human health, and the unique flavor of some Brassica crops. However, certain GSL profiles have adverse effects and are known as anti-nutritional factors. This has attracted mounting attempts to increase beneficial GSLs and reduce detrimental ones in the most commonly consumed Brassica crops. We provide a comprehensive overview of metabolic engineering applied in Brassica crops to achieve this purpose, including modulation of GSL biosynthesis, ablation of GSL hydrolysis, inhibition of GSL transport processes, and redirection of metabolic flux to GSL. Moreover, advances in omics approaches, i.e., genomics, transcriptome, and metabolome, applied in the elucidation of GSL metabolism in Brassica crops, as well as promising and potential genome-editing technologies are also discussed.
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Patra S, Nayak R, Patro S, Pradhan B, Sahu B, Behera C, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Chemical diversity of dietary phytochemicals and their mode of chemoprevention. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00633. [PMID: 34094892 PMCID: PMC8167155 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of disease-associated death across the globe. With the remarkable application of synthetic drugs in cancer therapy and the onset of therapy-associated adverse effects, dietary phytochemicals have been materialized as potent anti-cancer drugs owing to their antioxidant, apoptosis and autophagy modulating activities. With dynamic regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in association with cell cycle regulation, inhibition in cellular proliferation, invasion and migration, dietary phytochemicals have emerged as potent anti-cancer pharmacophores. Dietary phytochemicals or their synthetic analogous as individual drug candidates or in combination with FDA approved chemotherapeutic drugs have exhibited potent anti-cancer efficacy. With the advancement in cancer therapeutics, dietary phytochemicals hold high prevalence for their use as precision and personalized medicine to replace conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence, keeping these perspectives in mind, this review focuses on the diversity of dietary phytochemicals and their molecular mechanism of action in several cancer subtypes and tumor entities. Understanding the possible molecular key players involved, the use of dietary phytochemicals will thrive a new horizon in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Suryamani Patro
- Department of Home Science, S.B.R. Govt. Women’s College, Berhampur, 760001, India
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | | | - Chhandashree Behera
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
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Qu X, Neuhoff C, Cinar MU, Pröll M, Tholen E, Tesfaye D, Hölker M, Schellander K, Uddin MJ. Epigenetic Modulation of TLR4 Expression by Sulforaphane Increases Anti-Inflammatory Capacity in Porcine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060490. [PMID: 34072812 PMCID: PMC8227201 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic modifications of the genes regulate the inflammation process that includes the DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Sulforaphane is well known for its immunomodulatory properties. Notably, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory functions involving epigenetic modifications is unclear. This study highlighted the regulatory mechanism of sulforaphane in the innate immunity responses in an acute inflammatory state employ in vivo cell culture model. Porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells were exposed to LPS with or without sulforaphane pre-treatment for these purposes. Epigenetics modulations of the important genes and regulatory factors were studies as well as the immune responses of the cells were vigorously studied over the period of time. This study deciphers the mechanism of SFN in restricting the excessive inflammatory reactions, thereby, exerting its protective and anti-inflammatory function though epigenetic mechanism. Abstract Inflammation is regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Sulforaphane (SFN), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is also a potent immunomodulatory agent, but its anti-inflammatory functions through epigenetic modifications remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epigenetic effects of SFN in maintaining the immunomodulatory homeostasis of innate immunity during acute inflammation. For this purpose, SFN-induced epigenetic changes and expression levels of immune-related genes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were analyzed. These results demonstrated that SFN inhibited HDAC activity and caused histone H3 and H4 acetylation. SFN treatment also induced DNA demethylation in the promoter region of the MHC-SLA1 gene, resulting in the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MHC-SLA1, and inflammatory cytokines’ expression at 6 h of LPS stimulation. Moreover, the protein levels of cytokines in the cell culture supernatants were significantly inhibited by SFN pre-treatment followed by LPS stimulation in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that inhibition of HDAC activity and DNA methylation by SFN may restrict the excessive inflammatory cytokine availability in the extracellular environment. We postulate that SFN may exert a protective and anti-inflammatory function by epigenetically influencing signaling pathways in experimental conditions employing porcine moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Qu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (C.N.)
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (C.N.)
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Maren Pröll
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Michael Hölker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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Wang J, Xiao M, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. NRF2-Related Epigenetic Modifications in Cardiac and Vascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:598005. [PMID: 34248833 PMCID: PMC8269153 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.598005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent chronic disease that is accompanied with serious complications, especially cardiac and vascular complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new strategies to treat diabetic cardiac and vascular complications. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been verified as a crucial target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. The function of NRF2 in the treatment of diabetic complications has been widely reported, but the role of NRF2-related epigenetic modifications remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in targeting NRF2-related epigenetic modifications in the treatment of cardiac and vascular complications associated with DM. We also discuss agonists that could potentially regulate NRF2-associated epigenetic mechanisms. This review provides a better understanding of strategies to target NRF2 to protect against DM-related cardiac and vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, and Department of Cardiology at the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu,
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Gene Expression Profiling of Multiple Histone Deacetylases ( HDAC) and Its Correlation with NRF2-Mediated Redox Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101466. [PMID: 33096729 PMCID: PMC7589955 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a protein of the leucine zipper family, which mitigates inflammation and employs cytoprotective effects. Attempting to unravel the epigenetic regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), we profiled the expression of eleven isoform-specific histone deacetylases (HDACs) and correlated them with NRF2 and cytokines. This study recruited a total of 60 subjects and categorized into DFU patients (n = 20), T2DM patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20). The DFU patients were subcategorized into uninfected and infected DFU (n = 10 each). We observed a progressive decline in the expression of NRF2 and its downstream targets among T2DM and DFU subjects. The inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated, whereas anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 was significantly downregulated in DFU. Of note, a significant upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2,8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT7 among DFU patients were observed. The significant positive correlation between NRF2 and SIRT1 in DFU patients suggested the vital role of NRF2/SIRT1 in redox homeostasis and angiogenesis. In contrast, the significant negative correlation between NRF2 and HDAC1, 3 and 4, implied an imbalance in NRF2-HDAC1, 3, 4 circuit. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between HDAC4 and IL-6, and the negative correlation between SIRT1 and IL-6 suggested the pro-inflammatory role of HDAC4 and the anti-inflammatory role of SIRT1 in NRF2 signaling. In conclusion, the epigenetic changes such as upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2, 8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT6, SIRT7 and their association with NRF2 as well as inflammatory markers are suggestive of their roles in pathophysiology of T2DM and DFU.
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Hudlikar R, Wang L, Wu R, Li S, Peter R, Shannar A, Chou PJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Kuo HCD, Kong AN. Epigenetics/Epigenomics and Prevention of Early Stages of Cancer by Isothiocyanates. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:151-164. [PMID: 33055265 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and cancer development takes 10-50 years involving epigenetics. Evidence suggests that approximately 80% of human cancers are linked to environmental factors impinging upon genetics/epigenetics. Because advanced metastasized cancers are resistant to radiotherapy/chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer prevention by relatively nontoxic chemopreventive "epigenetic modifiers" involving epigenetics/epigenomics is logical. Isothiocyanates are relatively nontoxic at low nutritional and even higher pharmacologic doses, with good oral bioavailability, potent antioxidative stress/antiinflammatory activities, possess epigenetic-modifying properties, great anticancer efficacy in many in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models. This review summarizes the latest advances on the role of epigenetics/epigenomics by isothiocyanates in prevention of skin, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The exact molecular mechanism how isothiocyanates modify the epigenetic/epigenomic machinery is unclear. We postulate "redox" processes would play important roles. In addition, isothiocyanates sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate, possess multifaceted molecular mechanisms would be considered as "general" cancer preventive agents not unlike chemotherapeutic agents like platinum-based or taxane-based drugs. Analogous to chemotherapeutic agents, the isothiocyanates would need to be used in combination with other nontoxic chemopreventive phytochemicals or drugs such as NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase/aromatase inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways would be logical for the prevention of progression of tumors to late advanced metastatic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Pochung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Ghazi T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Chuturgoon AA. The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2004. [PMID: 32878338 PMCID: PMC7565866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (T.A.); (A.F.)
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21
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Hyun TK. A recent overview on sulforaphane as a dietary epigenetic modulator. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:131-134. [PMID: 32194360 PMCID: PMC7068201 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tae Kyung Hyun, Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82-43-261-2520, Fax: +82-43-271- 0413, E-mail:
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