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Xu M, Lin J, Yang S, Yao J, Chen M, Feng J, Zhang L, Zhou L, Zhang J, Qin Q. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded miR-BART11-3p modulates the DUSP6-MAPK axis to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0088123. [PMID: 37681959 PMCID: PMC10537804 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00881-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded miRNAs within the BamHI-A rightward transcript (BART) region are abundantly expressed in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), suggesting that they play roles in tumorigenesis. However, how these viral miRNAs contribute to the development of EBVaGC remains largely obscure. In this study, we found that EBV-encoded miR-BART11-3p targets 3' -UTR of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) mRNA to upregulate ERK phosphorylation and downregulate JNK and p38 phosphorylation. By doing so, miR-BART11-3p promotes gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and facilitates tumor growth in vivo. Restoration of DUSP6 expression reverses the tumor-promoting activity of miR-BART11-3p in AGS GC cells. Consistently, knockdown of DUSP6 ablates the antitumor effects of miR-BART11-3p inhibitors in EBV-positive GC cells. Furthermore, blocking ERK phosphorylation with trametinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of miR-BART11-3p-expressing AGS cells. Administration of a miR-BART11-3p antagomir reduced the growth of EBV-positive xenograft tumors. Together, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which EBV dysregulates MAPK pathways through an EBV-encoded microRNA to promote the development and progression of EBVaGC, which may be harnessed to develop new therapeutics to treat EBVaGC. IMPORTANCE The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first human tumor virus found to encode miRNAs, which within the BART region have been detected abundantly in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and play various roles in promoting tumorigenesis. In our study, we observed that EBV-miR-BART11-3p promotes cell proliferation and induces migration and invasion in GC. Interestingly, we showed that miR-BART11-3p upregulates p-ERK and downregulates p-JNK and p-p38 by directly targeting 3'-UTR of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6). Restoration of DUSP6 rescues the effects generated by miR-BART11-3p in GC cells, and blocking ERK phosphorylation with Trametinib augments JNK and p38 phosphorylation and inhibits the effects of miR-BART11-3p-expressing AGS cells, suggesting that miR-BART11-3p promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by modulating DUSP6-MAPK axis in EBVaGC. The findings presented in this study provide new mechanisms into the tumorigenesis in EBVaGC and new avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat EBVaGC targeting miR-BART11-3p or phospho-ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Xu
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiarui Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaibing Yang
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiahu Yao
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinfu Feng
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- International Science and Technology Collaboration Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Wan Z, Chen Y, Hui J, Guo Y, Peng X, Wang M, Hu C, Xie Y, Su J, Huang Y, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhu B. Epstein-Barr virus variation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in southeastern China. Virol J 2023; 20:107. [PMID: 37259131 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients infected with HIV are at high risk of developing Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-related diseases. The genotype and viral biological behavior of EBV infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) in China remain unclear. This study analyzed the characteristics of EBV in patients infected with HIV in southeastern China. METHODS A total of 162 HIV-infected patients and 52 patients without HIV were enrolled in this study. EBV viral load in blood was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. EBV typing was performed using saliva according to polymorphisms in the EBNA3C region. EBV LMP-1 carboxy terminus (C-ter) was sequenced, and compared with the epidemic strains in the world. RESULTS Among HIV infected patients, the EBV strain variant was mainly EBV-1, while EBV-2 had a higher viral load than EBV-1 (P = 0.001) and EBV-1/2 (P = 0.002). HIV infected patients had higher active virus replication. The EBV LMP-1 variants were mainly the China1 variant. HIV-infected patients had different nucleic acid positions of 30-bp deletion (del30) and had a higher incidence of high 33-bp tandem repeats (rep33) copies than non-HIV-infected patients. There was a difference in the mutations of EBV LMP-1 C-ter del30 and ins15 between HIV infected patients and the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In southeastern China, EBV in HIV-infected patients had higher active virus replication; EBV infection was mainly EBV-1, and EBV-2 infection has higher EBV virus load; hotspot mutations of LMP-1 C-ter were different between HIV-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval No. 2018764), and registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 3 June 2019 (ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900023600, http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Wan
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiangjin Hui
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yirui Xie
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Junwei Su
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Fierti AO, Yakass MB, Okertchiri EA, Adadey SM, Quaye O. The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Modulating Key Tumor Suppressor Genes in Associated Malignancies: Epigenetics, Transcriptional, and Post-Translational Modifications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010127. [PMID: 35053275 PMCID: PMC8773690 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous and carried by approximately 90% of the world’s adult population. Several mechanisms and pathways have been proposed as to how EBV facilitates the pathogenesis and progression of malignancies, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancers, the majority of which have been linked to viral proteins that are expressed upon infection including latent membrane proteins (LMPs) and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBNAs). EBV expresses microRNAs that facilitate the progression of some cancers. Mostly, EBV induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, degradation of tumor suppressor mRNA transcripts, post-translational modification, and inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which EBV modulates different tumor suppressors at the molecular and cellular levels in associated cancers. Briefly, EBV gene products upregulate DNA methylases to induce epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes via hypermethylation. MicroRNAs expressed by EBV are also involved in the direct targeting of tumor suppressor genes for degradation, and other EBV gene products directly bind to tumor suppressor proteins to inactivate them. All these processes result in downregulation and impaired function of tumor suppressors, ultimately promoting malignances.
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Overview of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer Correlated with Prognostic Classification and Development of Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249400. [PMID: 33321820 PMCID: PMC7764600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a deadly disease with poor prognosis that is characterized by heterogeneity. New classifications based on histologic features, genotypes, and molecular phenotypes, for example, the Cancer Genome Atlas subtypes and those by the Asian Cancer Research Group, help understand the carcinogenic differences in GC and have led to the identification of an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related GC subtype (EBVaGC), providing new indications for tailored treatment and prognostic factors. This article provides a review of the features of EBVaGC and an update on the latest insights from EBV-related research with a particular focus on the strict interaction between EBV infection and the gastric tumor environment, including the host immune response. This information may help increase our knowledge of EBVaGC pathogenesis and the mechanisms that sustain the immune response of patients since this mechanism has been demonstrated to offer a survival advantage in a proportion of patients with GC.
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De Re V, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Fanotto V, Miolo G, Puglisi F, Cannizzaro R, Canzonieri V, Steffan A, Farruggia P, Lopci E, d'Amore ESG, Burnelli R, Mussolin L, Mascarin M. Epstein-Barr virus BART microRNAs in EBV- associated Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:42. [PMID: 32582365 PMCID: PMC7310352 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EBV produces miRNAs with important functions in cancer growth, tumor invasion and host immune surveillance. The discovery of EBV miR-BARTs is recent, and most of their functions are still unknown. Nonetheless, some new studies underline their key roles in EBV-associated malignancies. Main body In EBV-associated tumors, the expression profile of miR-BARTs varies according to the cell type, autophagic process and signals received from the tumor microenvironment. By the same way of interest is the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor environment by the release of selected EBV miR-BARTs in addition to the tumor proteins trough tumor exosomes. Conclusion In this review, we discuss new findings regarding EBV miR-BARTs in Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. The recent discovery that miRNAs are released by exosomes, including miR-BARTs, highlights the importance of tumor and microenvironment interplay with more specific effects on the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Laura Caggiari
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Valentina Fanotto
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, PN Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy.,Pathology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste Medical School, Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Piero Farruggia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Oncology, Department, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo, PN Italy
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
| | | | - Roberta Burnelli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, FE Italy
| | - Lara Mussolin
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Institute of Paediatric Research Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, PD Italy
| | - Maurizio Mascarin
- Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
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Gallo A, Miceli V, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Contino F, Conaldi PG. Viral miRNAs as Active Players and Participants in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020358. [PMID: 32033193 PMCID: PMC7072176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The theory that viruses play a role in human cancers is now supported by scientific evidence. In fact, around 12% of human cancers, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in some regions, are attributed to viral infections. However, the molecular mechanism remains complex to decipher. In recent decades, the uncovering of cellular miRNAs, with their invaluable potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, has increased the number of studies being conducted regarding human cancer diagnosis. Viruses develop clever mechanisms to succeed in the maintenance of the viral life cycle, and some viruses, especially herpesviruses, encode for miRNA, v-miRNAs. Through this viral miRNA, the viruses are able to manipulate cellular and viral gene expression, driving carcinogenesis and escaping the host innate or adaptive immune system. In this review, we have discussed the main viral miRNAs and virally influenced cellular pathways, and their capability to drive carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0912192649
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Flavia Contino
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
- Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche E Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Universita, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (M.B.); (G.I.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
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