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Liu J, Sui C, Bian H, Li Y, Wang Z, Fu J, Qi L, Chen K, Xu W, Li X. Radiomics based on 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1425837. [PMID: 39132503 PMCID: PMC11310012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1425837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to establish and evaluate the value of integrated models involving 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics and clinicopathological information in the prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 106 eligible NSCLC patients were included in the study. After volume of interest (VOI) segmentation, 2,016 PET-based and 2,016 CT-based radiomic features were extracted. To select an optimal machine learning model, a total of 25 models were constructed based on five sets of machine learning classifiers combined with five sets of predictive feature resources, including PET-based alone radiomics, CT-based alone radiomics, PET/CT-based radiomics, clinicopathological features, and PET/CT-based radiomics integrated with clinicopathological features. Area under the curves (AUCs) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used as the main outcome to assess the model performance. Results The hybrid PET/CT-derived radiomic model outperformed PET-alone and CT-alone radiomic models in the prediction of pCR to NAT. Moreover, addition of clinicopathological information further enhanced the predictive performance of PET/CT-derived radiomic model. Ultimately, the support vector machine (SVM)-based PET/CT radiomics combined clinicopathological information presented an optimal predictive efficacy with an AUC of 0.925 (95% CI 0.869-0.981) in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.863 (95% CI 0.740-0.985) in the test cohort. The developed nomogram involving radiomics and pathological type was suggested as a convenient tool to enable clinical application. Conclusions The 18F-FDG PET/CT-based SVM radiomics integrated with clinicopathological information was an optimal model to non-invasively predict pCR to NAC for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Sui
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiman Bian
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Roozbahani A, Salahinejad M, Gholipour V. An exploratory in N-doped carbon dots as green fluorescence probes for Hg(II) ions detection. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3612-3620. [PMID: 37261901 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2220891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a fascinating carbon nanomaterial, have important applications in various fields due to their unique properties. The physical and chemical properties of CDs can be fine-tuned using heteroatom doping and surface functionalisation. Here, we synthesised N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) by reacting Citric acid, which serve as the carbon core, with twenty amino acids under microwave irradiation. The fluorescence quenching of each amino acid doped CDs by Hg(II) ions was experimentally measured. Then the effect of the molecular features and chemical properties of amino acids on the fluorescence quenching of N-CDs by Hg(II) ions was investigated by using the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method. Applying different machine learning techniques including correlation-based and ReliefF algorithm feature selection approaches to choose relevant descriptors, multi-linear regression, and support vector machine to construct QSPR model, some reliable and predictive models were developed. Based on the variables used throughout the final QSPR models, hydrophobic interactions, in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions, can be considered a major factor governing the photoluminescence behaviour of different N-CDs quenched by Hg(II) ions. N-CDs derived from amino acids bearing larger hydrophobic surfaces show greater fluorescence quenching, indicating that a greater capacity to interact with Hg(II) metal ions resulting in further fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roozbahani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salahinejad
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Grut H, Line PD, Syversveen T, Dueland S. Metabolic Tumor Volume from 18F-FDG PET/CT in Combination with Radiologic Measurements to Predict Long-Term Survival Following Transplantation for Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 38201449 PMCID: PMC10777966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to report on the ability of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of liver metastases from pre-transplant 18F-FDG PET/CT in combination with conventional radiological measurements from CT scans to predict long-term disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and survival after relapse (SAR) after liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases. The total liver MTV was obtained from the 18F-FDG PET/CT, and the size of the largest metastasis and the total number of metastases were obtained from the CT. DFS, OS, and SAR for patients with a low and high MTV, in combination with a low and high size, number, and tumor burden score, were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Patients with a low number of metastases and low MTV had a significantly longer OS than those with a high MTV, with a median survival of 151 vs. 26 months (p = 0.010). Patients with a high number of metastases and low MTV had significantly longer DFS, OS, and SAR than patients with a high MTV (p = 0.034, 0.006, and 0.026). The tumor burden score of group/zone 3, in combination with a low MTV, had a significantly improved DFS, OS, and SAR compared to those with a high MTV (p = 0.034, <0.001, and 0.006). Patients with a low MTV of liver metastases had a long DFS, OS, and SAR despite a high number of liver metastases and a high tumor burden score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Grut
- Department of Radiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Syversveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Grut H, Line PD, Syversveen T, Dueland S. Metabolic tumor volume predicts long-term survival after transplantation for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: 15 years of experience from the SECA study. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:1073-1081. [PMID: 36241941 PMCID: PMC9668778 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report 15 years of experience with metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of liver metastases from the preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT to predict long-term survival after liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods The preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT from all SECA 1 and 2 patients was evaluated. MTV was obtained from all liver metastases. The patients were divided into one group with low MTV (< 70 cm3) and one group with high MTV (> 70 cm3) based on a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and post recurrence survival (PRS) for patients with low versus high MTV were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log rank test. Clinopathological features between the two groups were compared by a nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for continuous and Fishers exact test for categorical data. Results At total of 40 patients were included. Patients with low MTV had significantly longer OS (p < 0.001), DFS (p < 0.001) and PRS (p = 0.006) compared to patients with high values. The patients with high MTV had higher CEA levels, number of liver metastases, size of the largest liver metastasis, N-stage, number of chemotherapy lines and more frequently progression of disease at LT compared to the patients with low MTV. Conclusion MTV of liver metastases is highly predictive of long-term OS, DFS and PRS after LT for unresectable CRLM and should be implemented in risk stratification prior to LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Grut
- Department of Radiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004, Drammen, Norway.
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Syversveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hwang SH, Hong HS, Kim D, Kim GM, Lee HW, Lee M, Kim DY, Park MA, Yun M. Total Lesion Glycolysis on 18F-FDG PET/CT Is a Better Prognostic Factor Than Tumor Dose on 90Y PET/CT in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With 90Y Transarterial Radioembolization. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e437-e443. [PMID: 35384891 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT and tumor dose (TD) on posttreatment 90Y PET/CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent 90Y transarterial radioembolization (TARE). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven HCC patients treated with 90Y TARE were retrospectively enrolled between January 2013 and October 2018. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before treatment. Maximum tumor SUV-to-mean normal liver SUV ratio (TLR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured for each patient. Voxel dosimetry was performed on 90Y PET/CT images to measure TD. The prognostic significance of metabolic parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT, TD on 90Y PET/CT, and clinical factors for overall survival (OS) was evaluated. In addition, TD on 90Y PET/CT was analyzed in relation to the administered dose of 90Y-labeled microspheres and metabolic parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT. RESULTS The median patient age was 57 years, and 37 patients (78.7%) were men. During the follow-up period, 25 patients (53.2%) died. In univariable analysis, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, Child-Pugh score, TD on 90Y PET/CT, TLR, MTV, and TLG were significant prognostic factors affecting OS (P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C and high TLG on 18F-FDG PET/CT were independent prognostic factors for OS (P < 0.05). The 1-year OS rates were 72.9% in patients with low TLG and 33.3% in patients with high TLG (P < 0.05). We also found that TD on 90Y PET/CT was not correlated with the administered dose of 90Y-labeled microspheres, but negatively correlated with TLG on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TLG, a parameter incorporating both the degree of 18F-FDG uptake and amount of metabolically active tumor volume on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT, is a better prognostic factor than TD on 90Y PET/CT for predicting OS in HCC patients treated with 90Y TARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Hwang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hye-Suk Hong
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Gyoung Min Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mijin Yun
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Xu T, Ren L, Liao M, Zhao B, Wei R, Zhou Z, He Y, Zhang H, Chen D, Chen H, Liao W. Preoperative Radiomics Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced CT for Microvascular Invasion and Prognosis Stratification in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:189-201. [PMID: 35340666 PMCID: PMC8947802 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s356573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Ren
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjun Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bigeng Zhao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongyu Wei
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Chen
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Hongsong Chen, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 88325724, Email
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Weijia Liao, Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 773 2833021, Fax +86 773 2822703, Email
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Zhang X, Lv L, Wu Z, Li D, Zhang K, Peng Y. Orthotopic liver transplantation improves postoperative quality of life, survival rate and reduces recurrence rate in patients with liver cancer. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:990-1000. [PMID: 35273701 PMCID: PMC8902539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) on postoperative quality of life (QoL), survival rate and recurrence rate of patients with liver cancer (LC). METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven patients with LC treated in our hospital from December 2016 to January 2018 were divided into two groups according to different treatment schemes. Patients in the research group (n=67) were given OLT and those in the control group (n=60 cases) were given hepatectomy. The incidence of postoperative complications, hospitalization expenses, the time to liver function recovery, surgical wound healing, pain resolution and hospitalization were compared between the two groups. The overall survival rate (OSR), disease-free survival rate (DFSR), and average survival time of patients were recorded and compared. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score one day and three days after surgery, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and adverse emotion before and after operation were compared. QoL scores at six months after surgery, one-year recurrence and metastasis rates, and treatment satisfaction one year after surgery were also compared. The expression of Ki-67 and Topo IIαin the tumor-bearing group (n=5) was detected. RESULTS The research group presented markedly lower incidence of postoperative complications, and evidently shorter time to liver function recovery, surgical wound healing, pain resolution and hospitalization, while with noticeably higher hospitalization expenses. The one-year and five-year OSRs and DFSRs were noticeably higher, and the average survival time was remarkably longer in the research group as compared to the control group. Patients in the research group scored remarkably lower in VAS scores on the first and third day after surgery than patients in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the one-year recurrence and metastasis rates were evidently lower in the research group, and the scores of SF-36 were remarkably higher. The AFP level at one month after surgery was obviously lower in the research group, and the treatment satisfaction was greatly higher. Ki-67 in the tumor-bearing group was mainly located in the nucleus, and Topo IIα was mainly nucleus positive; the positive Ki-67 and Topo IIα expression rates in the tumor-bearing group was 66.7% and 69.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS OLT can improve the postoperative QoL, survival rate and reduce the recurrence rate of LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen UniversityFuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 900th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen UniversityFuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen UniversityFuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen UniversityFuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yonghai Peng
- Department of Oncology, The 900th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen UniversityFuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
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Hu X, Chen R, Wei Q, Xu X. The Landscape Of Alpha Fetoprotein In Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We? Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:536-551. [PMID: 35002508 PMCID: PMC8741863 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and has been acknowledged as a leading cause of death among cirrhosis patients. Difficulties in early diagnosis and heterogeneity are obstacles to effective treatment, especially for advanced HCC. Liver transplantation (LT) is considered the best therapy for HCC. Although many biomarkers are being proposed, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was identified over 60 years ago, remains the most utilized. Recently, much hope has been placed in the immunogenicity of AFP to develop novel therapies, such as AFP vaccines and AFP-specific adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT). This review summarizes the performance of AFP as a biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as its correlation with molecular classes. In addition, the role of AFP in LT is also described. Finally, we highlight the mechanism and application prospects of two immune therapies (AFP vaccine and ACT) for HCC. In general, our review points out the prevalence of AFP in HCC, accompanied by some controversies and novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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