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Ma L, Li H, Xu H, Liu D. The potential roles of PKM2 in cerebrovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112675. [PMID: 39024754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme involved in glycolysis,plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism and growth under different physiological conditions. PKM2 has been intensively investigated in multiple cancer diseases. Recent years, many studies have found its pivotal role in cerebrovascular diseases (CeVDs), the disturbances in intracranial blood circulation. CeVDs has been confirmed to be closely associated with oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dynamics, systemic inflammation, and local neuroinflammation in the brain. It has further been revealed that PKM2 exerts various biological functions in the regulation of energy supply, OS, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The roles of PKM2 are closely related to its different isoforms, expression levels in subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications. Therefore, summarizing the roles of PKM2 in CeVDs will help further understanding the molecular mechanisms of CeVDs. In this review, we illustrate the characteristics of PKM2, the regulated PKM2 expression, and the biological roles of PKM2 in CeVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Huatao Li
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Stroke Center, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Dianwei Liu
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital Capital Medical University Jinan Branch, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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Chen J, Wang H, Tang M. CircAGFG1 absence decreases PKM2 expression to enhance oxaliplatin sensitivity in colorectal cancer in a miR-7-5p-dependent manner. J Chemother 2024; 36:208-221. [PMID: 37691430 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2253680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) ArfGAP with FG repeats 1 (circAGFG1) contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, whether circAGFG1 regulates the resistance of CRC to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) remains unknown. CircAGFG1, microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) RNA expression were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was detected by western blot assay and immunohistochemistry assay. Glycolysis was analyzed through glucose uptake, lactate production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration assays. 50% inhibitory concentration of L-OHP was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation and apoptotic rate were analyzed by cell colony formation and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the relationship among circAGFG1, miR-7- 5p and PKM2. The effect of circAGFG1 on L-OHP sensitivity in vivo was further evaluated by a xenograft model assay. CircAGFG1 and PKM2 expression were significantly increased, while miR-7-5p was decreased in L-OHP-resistant CRC tissues and cells. High circAGFG1 expression predicted a poor prognosis of CRC. CircAGFG1 knockdown or PKM2 depletion decreased glycolysis and cell proliferation and increased L-OHP sensitivity and cell apoptosis. PKM2 introduction rescued circAGFG1 silencing-induced effects in CRC cells. In terms of mechanism, circAGFG1 bound to miR-7-5p, which was identified to target PKM2. Also, circAGFG1 regulated PKM2 expression by interacting with miR-7-5p. Further, circAGFG1 knockdown improved the sensitivity of tumors to L-OHP in vivo. CircAGFG1 depletion inhibited L-OHP resistance by regulating the miR-7-5p/PKM2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Gong M, Guo Y, Dong H, Wu F, He Q, Gong J, Lu F. Modified Hu-lu-ba-wan protects diabetic glomerular podocytes via promoting PKM2-mediated mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155247. [PMID: 38128393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Damaged mitochondria produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics control the quality and function of mitochondria. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics may reduce ROS-induced apoptosis and improve renal injury in DKD. Modified Hu-lu-ba-wan (MHLBW) shows distinct clinical effects on DKD patients, which are related to its role in antioxidant stress modulation. However, the relevant mechanisms of MHLBW have not been clearly explored. PURPOSE This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MHLBW on spontaneous DKD mice and clarify the potential mechanisms. METHODS The main components of MHLBW were identified by HPLC. Using db/db mice as DKD models, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of MHLBW on mice after an 8-week administration. We investigated the molecular mechanism of MHLBW in regulating mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis, podocyte apoptosis, and glomerular damage. After that, computational docking analysis and in vitro experiments were conducted for further mechanism verification. RESULTS Intragastric administration of MHLBW for 8 weeks in db/db mice significantly improved glucose metabolism, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, glomerular fibrosis, and podocyte injury. MHLBW can reverse podocyte apoptosis via promoting mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis, which was related to regulating the PKM2/ PGC-1α/Opa1 pathway. Berberine (BBR), one of the components of MHLBW, exhibited preeminent affinity with PKM2 as reflected by computational docking analysis. In cultured podocytes, BBR can also prevent apoptosis by promoting PKM2-mediated mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that MHLBW can treat DKD by inhibiting glomerular damage and podocyte apoptosis through positive regulation of PKM2-mediated mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis. These results may provide a potential strategy against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Yavuz BB, Kilinc F, Kanyilmaz G, Aktan M. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) expression and prognostic significance in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:527-533. [PMID: 38010491 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible and final step of glycolysis. It is closely associated with cancer development and progression. The relationship between PKM2 and prognosis in glioblastoma (GB) patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to measure PKM2 expression and evaluate its effect on prognosis in GB patients. METHODS Patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) for glioblastoma between 2010 and 2021 were evaluated immunohistochemically. A single pathologist evaluated pathology specimens of all patients. The intensity and extent of staining of tumor cells were scored. Patients were categorized as low and high PKM2. RESULTS A total of 119 patients were evaluated. While 80.7% of the cases had a low score, 19.3% had a high PKM2 score. It was observed that the group with high PKM2 expression had lower performance, received more hypofractionated RT and received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) less frequently. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.77 months in the low PKM2 expression group and 6.50 months in the high PKM2 group. In univariate analyses, PKM2 expression, age, performance status, type of surgery, RT scheme, and concurrent and adjuvant CT were prognostic factors in predicting OS. In multivariate analyses, PKM2 expression, type of surgery, RT scheme and receiving adjuvant CT were prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION PKM2 is an independent prognostic factor for survival and is associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients treated with radiotherapy. It may be a potential therapeutic target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Benli Yavuz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Kilinc
- Department of Pathology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gul Kanyilmaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Aktan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Holt AK, Najumudeen AK, Collard TJ, Li H, Millett LM, Hoskin AJ, Legge DN, Mortensson EMH, Flanagan DJ, Jones N, Kollareddy M, Timms P, Hitchings MD, Cronin J, Sansom OJ, Williams AC, Vincent EE. Aspirin reprogrammes colorectal cancer cell metabolism and sensitises to glutaminase inhibition. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 37858256 PMCID: PMC10588174 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support proliferation and survival within a challenging microenvironment, cancer cells must reprogramme their metabolism. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue. However, identifying tractable nodes of metabolic vulnerability in cancer cells is challenging due to their metabolic plasticity. Identification of effective treatment combinations to counter this is an active area of research. Aspirin has a well-established role in cancer prevention, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS We generated a model to investigate the impact of long-term (52 weeks) aspirin exposure on CRC cells, which has allowed us comprehensively characterise the metabolic impact of long-term aspirin exposure (2-4mM for 52 weeks) using proteomics, Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analysis and Stable Isotope Labelling (SIL). Using this information, we were able to identify nodes of metabolic vulnerability for further targeting, investigating the impact of combining aspirin with metabolic inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We show that aspirin regulates several enzymes and transporters of central carbon metabolism and results in a reduction in glutaminolysis and a concomitant increase in glucose metabolism, demonstrating reprogramming of nutrient utilisation. We show that aspirin causes likely compensatory changes that render the cells sensitive to the glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibitor-CB-839. Of note given the clinical interest, treatment with CB-839 alone had little effect on CRC cell growth or survival. However, in combination with aspirin, CB-839 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and, importantly, reduced crypt proliferation in Apcfl/fl mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results show that aspirin leads to significant metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer cells and raises the possibility that aspirin could significantly increase the efficacy of metabolic cancer therapies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Holt
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Arafath K Najumudeen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tracey J Collard
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ashley J Hoskin
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Danny N Legge
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Eleanor M H Mortensson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Madhu Kollareddy
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Penny Timms
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Matthew D Hitchings
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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Cutshaw G, Hassan N, Uthaman S, Wen X, Singh B, Sarkar A, Bardhan R. Monitoring Metabolic Changes in Response to Chemotherapies in Cancer with Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13172-13184. [PMID: 37605298 PMCID: PMC10845238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to clinical therapies remains a major barrier in cancer management. There is a critical need for rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tools that enable early prediction of treatment response to allow accurate clinical decisions. Here, Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor changes in key metabolites as early predictors of response in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, HCT116, treated with chemotherapies. We show at the single cell level that HCT116 is resistant to cetuximab (CTX), the first-line treatment in CRC, but this resistance can be overcome with pre-sensitization of cells with oxaliplatin (OX). In combination treatment of CTX + OX, sequential delivery of OX followed by CTX rather than simultaneous administration of drugs was observed to be critical for effective therapy. Our results demonstrated that metabolic changes are well aligned to cellular mechanical changes where Young's modulus decreased after effective treatment, indicating that both changes in mechanical properties and metabolism in cells are likely responsible for cancer proliferation. Raman findings were verified with mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomics, and both platforms showed changes in lipids, nucleic acids, and amino acids as predictors of resistance/response. Finally, key metabolic pathways enriched were identified when cells are resistant to CTX but downregulated with effective treatment. This study highlights that drug-induced metabolic changes both at the single cell level (Raman) and ensemble level (MS) have the potential to identify mechanisms of response to clinical cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cutshaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Nora Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
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Luo X, Peng Y, Fan X, Xie X, Jin Z, Zhang X. The Crosstalk and Clinical Implications of CircRNAs and Glucose Metabolism in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082229. [PMID: 37190158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of glucose in tumor cells is converted to lactate despite the presence of sufficient oxygen and functional mitochondria, a phenomenon known as the "Warburg effect" or "aerobic glycolysis". Aerobic glycolysis supplies large amounts of ATP, raw material for macromolecule synthesis, and also lactate, thereby contributing to cancer progression and immunosuppression. Increased aerobic glycolysis has been identified as a key hallmark of cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous single-stranded RNAs characterized by covalently circular structures. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs influence the glycolytic phenotype of various cancers. In gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, circRNAs are related to glucose metabolism by regulating specific glycolysis-associated enzymes and transporters as well as some pivotal signaling pathways. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of glucose-metabolism-associated circRNAs in GI cancers. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential clinical prospects of glycolysis-associated circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yin Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinmin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Park SY, Chung YS, Park SY, Kim SH. Role of AMPK in Regulation of Oxaliplatin-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2690. [PMID: 36359211 PMCID: PMC9687437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum analog that can interfere with DNA replication and transcription. Continuous exposure to oxaliplatin results in chemoresistance; however, this mechanism is not well known. In this study, oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells of HCT116, HT29, SW480 and SW620 were established by gradually increasing the drug concentration to 2.5 μM. The inhibitory concentrations of cell growth by 50% (IC50) of oxaliplatin were 4.40-12.7-fold significantly higher in OR CRC cells as compared to their respective parental (PT) CRC cells. Phospho-Akt and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) decreased in PT CRC cells but was overexpressed in OR CRC cells in response to oxaliplatin. In addition, an oxaliplatin-mediated decrease in phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in PT CRC cells induced autophagy. Contrastingly, an increased phospho-AMPK in OR CRC cells was accompanied by a decrease in LC3B, further inducing the activity of glycolytic enzymes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), to mediate cell survival. Inhibition of AMPK in OR CRC cells induced autophagy through inactivation of Akt/mTOR pathway and a decrease in GLUT1, PFKFB3, and PFK1. Collectively, targeting AMPK may provide solutions to overcome chemoresistance in OR CRC cells and restore chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ye Seo Chung
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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The Role of PKM2 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function: Focus on Mitochondrial Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Dynamic, and Apoptosis. PKM2 in Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7702681. [PMID: 35571239 PMCID: PMC9106463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7702681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is one isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK). PKM2 is expressed at high levels during embryonic development and tumor progression and is subject to complex allosteric regulation. PKM2 is a special glycolytic enzyme that regulates the final step of glycolysis; the role of PKM2 in the metabolism, survival, and apoptosis of cancer cells has received increasing attention. Mitochondria are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and cell death; however, the role of PKM2 in mitochondrial functions remains unclear. Herein, we review the related mechanisms of the role of PKM2 in the regulation of mitochondrial functions from the aspects of metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS), dynamic, and apoptosis, which can be highlighted as a target for the clinical management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Janardhanam LSL, Bandi SP, Venuganti VVK. Functionalized LbL Film for Localized Delivery of STAT3 siRNA and Oxaliplatin Combination to Treat Colon Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10030-10046. [PMID: 35170934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a functionalized layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled film entrapped with oxaliplatin (OX) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA in the localized treatment of colon cancer. The LbL film was prepared by the sequential layering of chitosan (CS) and alginate to attain desired physical and mechanical properties. The film was functionalized by coating folic acid-conjugated CS on one side. On the other side, polycaprolactone was coated as a backing layer to provide directional drug release. OX was entrapped within the layers of the film, while STAT3 siRNA was complexed with CS to form nanoparticles before entrapment in the LbL film. The CS-siRNA nanoparticles were taken up by the colon carcinoma, Caco-2 cells within 3 h and provided concentration-dependent reduction in STAT3 protein expression. The functionalized LbL film (F-LbL film) selectively adhered to the colon cancer tissue in the mice model, whereas the nonfunctionalized film adhered to the normal colon tissue. The combination of OX and STAT3 siRNA provided significantly greater tumor regression, survival rate, and STAT3 protein suppression after localized delivery through oral administration compared with intravenous administration. Taken together, the F-LbL film can selectively bind to colon tumors for localized delivery of drugs to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Sai Lokesh Janardhanam
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
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Managing GSH elevation and hypoxia to overcome resistance of cancer therapies using functionalized nanocarriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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