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Uinarni H, Oghenemaro EF, Menon SV, Hjazi A, Ibrahim FM, Kaur M, Zafarjonovna AZ, Deorari M, Jabir MS, Zwamel AH. Breaking Barriers: Nucleic Acid Aptamers in Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers Therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01367-w. [PMID: 38916791 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies can have significant adverse effects as they are not targeted to cancer cells and may damage healthy cells. Single-stranded oligonucleotides assembled in a particular architecture, known as aptamers, enable them to attach selectively to target areas. Usually, they are created by Systematic Evolution of Ligand by Exponential enrichment (SELEX), and they go through a rigorous pharmacological revision process to change their therapeutic half-life, affinity, and specificity. They could thus offer a viable substitute for antibodies in the targeted cancer treatment market. Although aptamers can be a better choice in some situations, antibodies are still appropriate for many other uses. The technique of delivering aptamers is simple and reasonable, and the time needed to manufacture them is relatively brief. Aptamers do not require animals or an immune response to be produced, in contrast to antibodies. When used as a medication, aptamers can directly suppress tumor cells. As an alternative, they can be included in systems for targeted drug delivery that administer medications specifically to tumor cells while reducing toxicity to healthy cells. The most recent and cutting-edge methods for treating gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer with aptamers will be covered in this review, with a focus on targeted therapy as a means of conquering resistance to traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlina Uinarni
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Radiology department of Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Enwa Felix Oghenemaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Magdi Ibrahim
- Assisstant professor, Community Health Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
- Lecturer, geriatric nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | | | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of applied sciences, University of technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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2
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Luo H, Jing H, Chen W. An extensive overview of the role of lncRNAs generated from immune cells in the etiology of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112063. [PMID: 38677091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the control of critical tumor-suppressor and oncogenic pathways in cancer. These types of non-coding RNAs could affect both immune and cancer cells. The thorough analysis of lncRNAs derived from immune cells and the incorporation of new findings significantly advance our understanding of the complex role of lncRNAs in the context of cancer. This work highlights the promise of lncRNAs for translational therapeutic approaches while also establishing a solid foundation for comprehending the complex link between lncRNAs and cancer through a coherent narrative. The main findings of this article are that types of lncRNAs derived from immune cells, such as MM2P and MALAT1, can affect the behaviors of cancer cells, like invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation. As research in this area grows, the therapeutic potential of targeting these lncRNAs offers promising opportunities for expanding our understanding of cancer biology and developing cutting-edge, precision-based therapies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng Branch of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hailiang Jing
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Yancheng Branch of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Domínguez Romero Y, Montoya Ortiz G, Novoa Herrán S, Osorio Mendez J, Gomez Grosso LA. miRNA Expression Profiles in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Insights into Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5272. [PMID: 38791311 PMCID: PMC11121573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers, is limited in its clinical utility by its cardiotoxic effects. Despite its widespread use, the precise mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiotoxicity at the cellular and molecular levels remain unclear, hindering the development of preventive and early detection strategies. To characterize the cytotoxic effects of DOX on isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes, focusing on the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and their molecular targets associated with endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms such as the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), FOXO1, and GSK3β. We isolated Guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes by retrograde perfusion and enzymatic dissociation. We assessed cell morphology, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, intracellular calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential using light microscopy and specific probes. We determined the miRNA expression profile using small RNAseq and validated it using stem-loop qRT-PCR. We quantified mRNA levels of some predicted and validated molecular targets using qRT-PCR and analyzed protein expression using Western blot. Exposure to 10 µM DOX resulted in cardiomyocyte shortening, increased ROS and intracellular calcium levels, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and changes in specific miRNA expression. Additionally, we observed the differential expression of KATP subunits (ABCC9, KCNJ8, and KCNJ11), FOXO1, SIRT1, and GSK3β molecules associated with endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. Supported by miRNA gene regulatory networks and functional enrichment analysis, these findings suggest that DOX-induced cardiotoxicity disrupts biological processes associated with cardioprotective mechanisms. Further research must clarify their specific molecular changes in DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and investigate their diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Domínguez Romero
- Doctorate in Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public, Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (G.M.O.); (S.N.H.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Gladis Montoya Ortiz
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public, Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (G.M.O.); (S.N.H.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Susana Novoa Herrán
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public, Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (G.M.O.); (S.N.H.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Jhon Osorio Mendez
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public, Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (G.M.O.); (S.N.H.); (J.O.M.)
- Master in Biochemistry Program, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Gomez Grosso
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public, Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (G.M.O.); (S.N.H.); (J.O.M.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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4
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Kaur G, Tintelott M, Suranglikar M, Masurier A, Vu XT, Gines G, Rondelez Y, Ingebrandt S, Coffinier Y, Pachauri V, Vlandas A. Time-encoded electrical detection of trace RNA biomarker by integrating programmable molecular amplifier on chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116311. [PMID: 38677018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the serious challenges facing modern point-of-care (PoC) molecular diagnostic platforms relate to reliable detection of low concentration biomarkers such as nucleic acids or proteins in biological samples. Non-specific analyte-receptor interactions due to competitive binding in the presence of abundant molecules, inefficient mass transport and very low number of analyte molecules in sample volume, in general pose critical hurdles for successful implementation of such PoC platforms for clinical use. Focusing on these specific challenges, this work reports a unique PoC biosensor that combines the advantages of nanoscale biologically-sensitive field-effect transistor arrays (BioFET-arrays) realized in a wafer-scale top-down nanofabrication as high sensitivity electrical transducers with that of sophisticated molecular programs (MPs) customized for selective recognition of analyte miRNAs and amplification resulting in an overall augmentation of signal transduction strategy. The MPs realize a programmable universal molecular amplifier (PUMA) in fluidic matrix on chip and provide a biomarker-triggered exponential release of small nucleic acid sequences easily detected by receptor-modified BioFETs. A common miRNA biomarker LET7a was selected for successful demonstration of this novel biosensor, achieving limit of detection (LoD) down to 10 fM and wide dynamic ranges (10 pM-10 nM) in complex physiological solutions. As the determination of biomarker concentration is implemented by following the electrical signal related to analyte-triggered PUMA in time-domain instead of measuring the threshold shifts of BioFETs, and circumvents direct hybridization of biomarkers at transducer surface, this new strategy also allows for multiple usage (>3 times) of the biosensor platform suggesting exceptional cost-effectiveness for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Institut D'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR CNRS 8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Marcel Tintelott
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohit Suranglikar
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antoine Masurier
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Xuan-Thang Vu
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Gines
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Rondelez
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexis Vlandas
- Institut D'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR CNRS 8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq, Cedex, 59652, France
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5
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Haybar H, Hadi H, Purrahman D, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saki N. Emerging roles of HOTAIR lncRNA in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Biomark Med 2024; 18:203-219. [PMID: 38411079 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Highlights HOTAIR, a long noncoding RNA, plays a role in the regulation of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has been identified as a biomarker of this type of disease. Several factors and cells contribute to atherosclerosis, a progressive disease. However, the prognosis of HOTAIR in this disease varies depending on the path in which it plays a role. For this condition, there is no single prognosis to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Hadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Agrawal A, Lasli S, Javanmardi Y, Coursier D, Micalet A, Watson S, Shahreza S, Serwinski B, Djordjevic B, Szita N, Cheema U, Bertazzo S, Calvo F, Moeendarbary E. Stromal cells regulate mechanics of tumour spheroid. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100821. [PMID: 37868949 PMCID: PMC10585335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable contractility and force generation ability exhibited by cancer cells empower them to overcome the resistance and steric hindrance presented by a three-dimensional, interconnected matrix. Cancer cells disseminate by actively remodelling and deforming their extracellular matrix (ECM). The process of tumour growth and its ECM remodelling have been extensively studied, but the effect of the cellular tumour microenvironment (TME) has been ignored in most studies that investigated tumour-cell-mediated ECM deformations and realignment. This study reports the integration of stromal cells in spheroid contractility assays that impacts the ECM remodelling and invasion abilities of cancer spheroids. To investigate this, we developed a novel multilayer in vitro assay that incorporates stromal cells and quantifies the contractile deformations that tumour spheroids exert on the ECM. We observed a negative correlation between the spheroid invasion potential and the levels of collagen deformation. The presence of stromal cells significantly increased cancer cell invasiveness and altered the cancer cells' ability to deform and realign collagen gel, due to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, this was observed consistently in both metastatic and non-metastatic cancer cells. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the vital role played by the cellular TME in regulating the invasive outgrowth of cancer cells and underscore the potential of utilising matrix deformation measurements as a biophysical marker for evaluating invasiveness and informing targeted therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Soufian Lasli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Diane Coursier
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
| | - Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sara Watson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Somayeh Shahreza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Bianca Serwinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Northeastern University London, London, E1W 1LP, UK
| | - Boris Djordjevic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Pattnaik B, Negi V, Chaudhuri R, Desiraju K, Faizan MI, Akhtar A, Ansari MS, Shakir M, Gheware A, Prakash YS, Guleria R, Ghosh B, Agrawal A, Ahmad T. MiR-326-mediated overexpression of NFIB offsets TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reverses lung fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:357. [PMID: 37950757 PMCID: PMC11072886 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively fatal and incurable disease characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and aberrant tissue repair. In this study, we investigated the role of Nuclear Factor I-B (NFIB), a transcription factor critical for lung development and maturation, in IPF. Using both human lung tissue samples from patients with IPF, and a mouse model of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin, we showed that there was a significant reduction of NFIB both in the lungs of patients and mice with IPF. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments using cultured human lung cells demonstrated that the loss of NFIB was associated with the induction of EMT by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Knockdown of NFIB promoted EMT, while overexpression of NFIB suppressed EMT and attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, we identified post-translational regulation of NFIB by miR-326, a miRNA with anti-fibrotic effects that is diminished in IPF. Specifically, we showed that miR-326 stabilized and increased the expression of NFIB through its 3'UTR target sites for Human antigen R (HuR). Moreover, treatment of mice with either NFIB plasmid or miR-326 reversed airway collagen deposition and fibrosis. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the critical role of NFIB in lung development and maturation, and its reduction in IPF leading to EMT and loss of alveolar structures. Our study highlights the potential of miR-326 as a therapeutic intervention for IPF. The schema shows the role of NFIB in maintaining the normal epithelial cell characteristics in the lungs and how its reduction leads to a shift towards mesenchymal cell-like features and pulmonary fibrosis. A In normal lungs, NFIB is expressed abundantly in the epithelial cells, which helps in maintaining their shape, cell polarity and adhesion molecules. However, when the lungs are exposed to factors that induce pulmonary fibrosis, such as bleomycin, or TGF-β, the epithelial cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which leads to a decrease in NFIB. B The mesenchymal cells that arise from EMT appear as spindle-shaped with loss of cell junctions, increased cell migration, loss of polarity and expression of markers associated with mesenchymal cells/fibroblasts. C We designed a therapeutic approach that involves exogenous administration of NFIB in the form of overexpression plasmid or microRNA-326. This therapeutic approach decreases the mesenchymal cell phenotype and restores the epithelial cell phenotype, thus preventing the development or progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Pattnaik
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vinny Negi
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Koundinya Desiraju
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Areej Akhtar
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Sufyan Ansari
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Shakir
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Atish Gheware
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, NH 44, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Wu SC, Lai SW, Lu XJ, Lai HF, Chen YG, Chen PH, Ho CL, Wu YY, Chiu YL. Profiling of miRNAs and their interfering targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1173970. [PMID: 37476380 PMCID: PMC10356106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1173970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs may be implicated in the acquisition of drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia as they regulate the expression of not only BCR-ABL1 but also genes associated with the activation of drug transfer proteins or essential signaling pathways. Methods To understand the impact of specifically expressed miRNAs in chronic myeloid leukemia and their target genes, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and healthy donors to determine whole miRNA expression by small RNA sequencing and screened out 31 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) with high expression. With the utilization of miRNA set enrichment analysis tools, we present here a comprehensive analysis of the relevance of DE-miRNAs to disease and biological function. Furthermore, the literature-based miRNA-target gene database was used to analyze the overall target genes of the DE-miRNAs and to define their associated biological responses. We further integrated DE-miRNA target genes to identify CML miRNA targeted gene signature singscore (CMTGSS) and used gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to analyze the correlation between CMTGSS and Hallmark gene-sets in PBMC samples from clinical CML patients. Finally, the association of CMTGSS stratification with multiple CML cell lineage gene sets was validated in PBMC samples from CML patients using GSEA. Results Although individual miRNAs have been reported to have varying degrees of impact on CML, overall, our results show that abnormally upregulated miRNAs are associated with apoptosis and aberrantly downregulated miRNAs are associated with cell cycle. The clinical database shows that our defined DE-miRNAs are associated with the prognosis of CML patients. CMTGSS-based stratification analysis presented a tendency for miRNAs to affect cell differentiation in the blood microenvironment. Conclusion Collectively, this study defined differentially expressed miRNAs by miRNA sequencing from clinical samples and comprehensively analyzed the biological functions of the differential miRNAs in association with the target genes. The analysis of the enrichment of specific myeloid differentiated cells and immune cells also suggests the magnitude and potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs in the clinical setting. It helps us to make links between the different results obtained from the multi-faceted studies to provide more potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Cheng Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, Magong City, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Wei Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Jie Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fan Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Guang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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9
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Meng P, Wang G, Guo H, Jiang T. Identifying cancer driver genes using a two-stage random walk with restart on a gene interaction network. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106810. [PMID: 37011433 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression are significantly influenced by cancer driver genes. Understanding cancer driver genes and their mechanisms of action is essential for developing effective cancer treatments. As a result, identifying driver genes is important for drug development, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. Here, we present an algorithm to discover driver genes based on the two-stage random walk with restart (RWR), and the modified method for calculating the transition probability matrix in random walk algorithm. First, we performed the first stage of RWR on the whole gene interaction network, in which we employ a new method for calculating the transition probability matrix and extracted the subnetwork based on nodes that had a high correlation with the seed nodes. The subnetwork was then applied to the second stage of RWR and the nodes were re-ranked in the subnetwork. Our approach outperformed existing methods in identifying driver genes. The outcome of the effect of three gene interaction networks, two rounds of random walk, and the seed nodes' sensitivity were all compared at the same time. In addition, we identified several potential driver genes, some of which are involved in driving cancer development. Overall, our method is efficient in various cancer types, significantly outperforms existing methods, and can identify possible driver genes.
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Rastad H, Mozafary Bazargany MH, Samimisedeh P, Farahani M, Hashemnejad M, Moghadam S, Khodaparast Z, Shams R, Seifi-Alan M. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of lncRNA TPT1-AS1 in cancer: a systematic review study and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154403. [PMID: 37004278 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant expression of lncRNAs in cancer cells can impact their key phenotypes. We aimed to summarize available evidence on clinicopathological and prognostic value of lncRNA TPT1-AS1 in cancer. METHODS A systematic search was performed on Medline and Embase databases using relevant key terms covering lncRNA TPT1-AS1, cancer, and clinical outcomes. The effect size estimates and their 95 % confidence interval (CI) were pooled using random-effects models. Meta- analyses were conducted using STATA 16.0 software. RESULTS Seventeen articles met our eligibility criteria. Tumor tissue compared to normal tissue showed increased level of lncRNA TPT1-AS1 expression (pooled standardized mean difference (95 % CI): 0.65 (0.52-0.79)). Overexpression of this lncRNA was a significant predictor for poor prognosis (Pooled log-rank test P-value < 0.001); in patients with high-level of lncRNA TPT1-AS1, the risk of death at five years was 1.40 times greater than their counterparts. The pooled Odds ratios for association lncRNA TPT1-AS1 with tumor stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis were 1.94 (95 % CI: 0.90-4.19, 8 studies, I2 = 79.6 %), 2.33 (95 % CI: 1.31-4.14, 5 studies, I2 = 40.0 %), and 1.89 (95 % CI: 1.08-3.36, 5 studies, I2 = 61.7 %), respectively. Regarding the identified potential mechanisms, lncRNA TPT1-AS1 plays a role in cancer growth mainly by sponging miRNAs and regulating their downstream targets or controlling the expression of key cell cycle regulators. CONCLUSION In cancer patients, elevated expression of lncRNA TPT1-AS1 might be associated with a shorter Overall Survival, advanced stages, larger tumor size, and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Rastad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Parham Samimisedeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Farahani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemnejad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Somaye Moghadam
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khodaparast
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Shams
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Seifi-Alan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Controversies and Opportunities in the Clinical Daily Use of the 21-Gene Assay for Prognostication and Prediction of Chemotherapy Benefit in HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010148. [PMID: 36612144 PMCID: PMC9817989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several multigene assays have been developed to help clinicians in defining adjuvant treatment for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer. Despite the 21-gene assay having been available for decades, it has only recently been included in the healthcare systems of several countries. Clinical optimisation of the test remains of critical interest to achieve a greater impact of genomic information in HR+/HER2- early breast cancer. Although current guidelines recommend the use of the 21-gene assay in early breast cancer at intermediate risk of relapse, the implication of the Recurrence Score (RS) in some grey areas still remains uncertain. Our aim is to critically discuss the role of RS in peculiar circumstances. In particular, we focus on the complex integration of genomic data with clinicopathological factors; the potential clinical impact of RS in node-positive premenopausal women and in the neoadjuvant setting; the significance of RS in special histologies and in male patients; and the management and time-optimisation of test ordering. In the absence of robust evidence in these areas, we provide perspectives for improving the use of the 21-gene assay in the decision-making process and guide adjuvant treatment decisions even in challenging cases.
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High level of LncRNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 predicts poor prognosis and contributes to the malignant proliferation and EMT of non-small cell lung cancer via sponging miR-490-3p from HMGB2. Genes Genomics 2022; 45:611-625. [PMID: 36445573 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) show a low survival rate, owing to the lack of early diagnostic method and high invasiveness. Long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 that regulates tumor genesis and progression through multiple signals, is upregulated and involved in the growth and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether MAPKAPK5-AS1 affected the malignant progression of NSCLC. METHODS The levels of MAPKAPK5-AS1, miR-490-3p and HMGB2 in lung cancer were first analyzed through StarBase website, and confirmed by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. The biological functions of NSCLC cells were examined by CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and flow cytometry assays. The potential binding sequences lncRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA were predicted by StarBase software and verified via dual luciferase reporter experiment. The effects of MAPKAPK5-AS1 on tumor growth were evaluated in a xenografted mice model. RESULTS The expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 was upregulated in tumor tissues from NSCLC patients. Patients with high expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 had higher tumor size, advanced TNM stage, higher incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of MAPKAPK5-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of NSCLC cells. Mechanically, MAPKAPK5-AS1 could upregulate the HMGB2 level in NSCLC cells through competitively binding to miR-490-3p. MiR-490-3p inhibitor reversed the roles of MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT. Also, HMGB2 knockdown suppressed tumor cell malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, interference of MAPKAPK5-AS1 slowed NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Knockdown of MAPKAPK5-AS1 inhibited the aggressive tumor phenotypes through miR-490-3p/HMGB2 axis in NSCLC. MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-490-3p/HMGB2 might be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Cirri D, Massai L, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML, Guerri A, Gabbiani C, Messori L, Pratesi A. Synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel auranofin derivative as an anticancer agent. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13527-13539. [PMID: 36000524 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold(I) complex inspired by the known medicinal inorganic compounds auranofin and thimerosal, namely ethylthiosalicylate(triethylphosphine)gold(I) (AFETT hereafter), was synthesized and characterised and its structure was resolved through X-ray diffraction. The solution behavior of AFETT and its interactions with two biologically relevant proteins (i.e. human serum albumin and haemoglobin) and with a synthetic dodecapeptide reproducing the C-terminal portion of thioredoxin reductase were comparatively analyzed through 31P NMR and ESI-MS. Remarkable binding properties toward these biomolecules were disclosed. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects produced by AFETT on two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780 R) and one colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) were analyzed and found to be strong and nearly superimposable to those of auranofin. Interestingly, for both compounds, the ability to induce downregulation of vimentin expression in A2780 R cells was evidenced. Despite its close similarity to auranofin, AFETT is reported to exhibit some peculiar and distinctive features such as a lower lipophilicity, an increased water solubility and a faster reactivity towards the selected target biomolecules. These differences might confer to AFETT significant pharmaceutical and therapeutic advantages over auranofin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Guerri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Filatov VE, Iuzabchuk DA, Tafeenko VA, Grishin YK, Roznyatovsky VA, Lukianov DA, Fedotova YA, Sukonnikov MA, Skvortsov DA, Zyk NV, Beloglazkina EK. Dispirooxindole-β-Lactams: Synthesis via Staudinger Ketene-Imine Cycloaddition and Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126666. [PMID: 35743110 PMCID: PMC9223813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the first synthesis of dispirooxindole-β-lactams employing optimized methodology of one-pot Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition with N-aryl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as the ketene source. Spiroconjugation of indoline-2-one with β-lactams ring is considered to be able to provide stabilization and wide scope of functionalization to resulting scaffolds. The dispipooxindoles obtained demonstrated medium cytotoxicity in the MTT test on A549, MCF7, HEK293, and VA13 cell lines, and one of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli strain LPTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim E. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Iuzabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Vitaly A. Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Lukianov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143028 Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Fedotova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Maxim A. Sukonnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry A. Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Nikolai V. Zyk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.F.); (D.A.I.); (V.A.T.); (Y.K.G.); (V.A.R.); (D.A.L.); (Y.A.F.); (M.A.S.); (D.A.S.); (N.V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Implication of microRNAs in Carcinogenesis with Emphasis on Hematological Malignancies and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105838. [PMID: 35628648 PMCID: PMC9143361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, that are involved in the multistep process of carcinogenesis, contributing to all established hallmarks of cancer. In this review, implications of miRNAs in hematological malignancies and their clinical utilization fields are discussed. As components of the complex regulatory network of gene expression, influenced by the tissue microenvironment and epigenetic modifiers, miRNAs are “micromanagers” of all physiological processes including the regulation of hematopoiesis and metabolic pathways. Dysregulated miRNA expression levels contribute to both the initiation and progression of acute leukemias, the metabolic reprogramming of malignantly transformed hematopoietic precursors, and to the development of chemoresistance. Since they are highly stable and can be easily quantified in body fluids and tissue specimens, miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the early detection of hematological malignancies. Besides novel opportunities for differential diagnosis, miRNAs can contribute to advanced chemoresistance prediction and prognostic stratification of acute leukemias. Synthetic oligonucleotides and delivery vehicles aim the therapeutic modulation of miRNA expression levels. However, major challenges such as efficient delivery to specific locations, differences of miRNA expression patterns between pediatric and adult hematological malignancies, and potential side effects of miRNA-based therapies should be considered.
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Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. The Regulatory Functions and the Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cervical Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071149. [PMID: 35406713 PMCID: PMC8998012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in gynecology cancer worldwide. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major etiological agents for cervical cancer. Still, other factors also contribute to cervical cancer development because these cancers commonly arise decades after initial exposure to HPV. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are still quite limited, and a knowledge gap needs to be filled to help develop novel strategies that will ultimately facilitate the development of therapies and improve cervical cancer patient outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly shown to be involved in gene regulation, and the relevant role of lncRNAs in cervical cancer has recently been investigated. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in ascertaining the biological functions of lncRNAs in cervical cancer from the perspective of cervical cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, we provide the current state of knowledge by discussing the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation and emerging role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Comprehensive and deeper insights into lncRNA-mediated alterations and interactions in cellular events will help develop novel strategies to treat patients with cervical cancer.
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MicroRNAs in Leukemias: A Clinically Annotated Compendium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073469. [PMID: 35408829 PMCID: PMC8998245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are a group of malignancies of the blood and bone marrow. Multiple types of leukemia are known, however reliable treatments have not been developed for most leukemia types. Furthermore, even relatively reliable treatments can result in relapses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, noncoding RNAs responsible for epigenetic regulation of gene expression and have been proposed as a source of potential novel therapeutic targets for leukemias. In order to identify central miRNAs for leukemia, we conducted data synthesis using two databases: miRTarBase and DISNOR. A total of 137 unique miRNAs associated with 16 types of leukemia were retrieved from miRTarBase and 86 protein-coding genes associated with leukemia were retrieved from the DISNOR database. Based on these data, we formed a visual network of 248 miRNA-target interactions (MTI) between leukemia-associated genes and miRNAs associated with ≥4 leukemia types. We then manually reviewed the literature describing these 248 MTIs for interactions identified in leukemia studies. This manually curated data was then used to visualize a network of 64 MTIs identified in leukemia patients, cell lines and animal models. We also formed a visual network of miRNA-leukemia associations. Finally, we compiled leukemia clinical trials from the ClinicalTrials database. miRNAs with the highest number of MTIs were miR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-19a-3p, while target genes with the highest number of MTIs were TP53, BCL2, KIT, ATM, RUNX1 and ABL1. The analysis of 248 MTIs revealed a large, highly interconnected network. Additionally, a large MTI subnetwork was present in the network visualized from manually reviewed data. The interconnectedness of the MTI subnetwork suggests that certain miRNAs represent central disease molecules for multiple leukemia types. Additional studies on miRNAs, their target genes and associated biological pathways are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in leukemia.
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