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WANG GY, ZHANG L, GENG YD, WANG B, FENG XJ, CHEN ZL, WEI W, JIANG L. β-Elemene induces apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cai H, Ren L, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Beta-Elemene Reduces the Malignancy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Enhancing C3orf21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:571476. [PMID: 34026596 PMCID: PMC8137837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.571476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-elemene has potent anti-tumor effect, but its anti-tumor mechanism remains unclear. Chromosome 3 open reading frame 21 (C3orf21) acts as a tumor suppressor. This study tested whether the anti-tumor effect of beta-elemene was associated with modulating C3orf21 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods The impact of beta-elemene on C3orf21 expression in NSCLC cells was quantified. The stable C3orf21 silencing A549 and over-expressing PC-9 cells were established and their effects on the beta-elemene-attenuated proliferation, wound healing and invasion of NSCLC cells as well as the expression of key regulators and signal events were determined. Results Beta-elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression in NSCLC cells. Beta-elemene treatment significantly attenuated the proliferation, wound healing and invasion of NSCLC cells, which were significantly mitigated by C3orf21 silencing, but enhanced by C3orf21 over-expression. Similar patterns of beta-elemene-modulated cyclinD1, c-Myc, COX2, MMP2, MMP9, VEGF, PTEN and Notch1 expression were detected in NSCLC cells. Conclusions Such data indicated that beta-elemene treatment attenuated the malignancy of NSCLC cells by up-regulating C3orf21 expression. Our findings may provide new mechanisms underlying the pharmacological action of beta-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cai
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Cai SZ, Xiong QW, Zhao LN, Ji YT, Luo ZX, Ma ZR. β-Elemene Triggers ROS-dependent Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells Through Suppressing STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:594299. [PMID: 34257541 PMCID: PMC8262204 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.594299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors with few treatment strategies. β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene known to have broad spectrum antitumor activity against various cancers. However, the signaling pathways involved in β-elemene induced apoptosis of glioblastoma cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we reported that β-elemene exhibited antiproliferative activity on U87 and SHG-44 cells, and induced cell death through induction of apoptosis. Incubation of these cells with β-elemene led to the activation of caspase-3 and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot assay showed that β-elemene suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3, and subsequently down-regulated the activation of p-JAK2 and p-Src. Moreover, pre-incubation of cells with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed β-elemene-mediated apoptosis effect and down-regulation of JAK2/Src-STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, our findings implied that generation of ROS and suppression of STAT3 signaling pathway is critical for the apoptotic activity of β-elemene in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wei Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Ji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou-Rui Ma
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Anti-Tumor Drug Discovery Based on Natural Product β-Elemene: Anti-Tumor Mechanisms and Structural Modification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061499. [PMID: 33801899 PMCID: PMC7998186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for drug discovery, especially anti-tumor drugs. β-Elemene, the prominent active ingredient extract from the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin, is a representative natural product with broad anti-tumor activities. The main molecular mechanism of β-elemene is to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy, regulate the immune system, and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Elemene oral emulsion and elemene injection were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of various cancers and bone metastasis in 1994. However, the lipophilicity and low bioavailability limit its application. To discover better β-elemene-derived anti-tumor drugs with satisfying drug-like properties, researchers have modified its structure under the premise of not damaging the basic scaffold structure. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanisms and the progress of structural modifications of β-elemene.
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Xiu M, Zeng X, Shan R, Wen W, Li J, Wan R. The oncogenic role of HBXIP. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111045. [PMID: 33378953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is a conserved protein of 19 kDa that was originally identified as a binding partner of hepatitis B virus X protein. Emerging evidence indicates that HBXIP is highly expressed in a variety of cancers and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. HBXIP plays a critical role in cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we primarily focus on publications investigating HBXIP in cancer research, including its expression and clinical significance in cancer patients, its role as a coactivator of transcription factors in cancer cells, its inhibitory effects on the mitochondrial cytochrome c-caspase apoptotic pathway, as well as its roles in promoting mitosis and drug resistance in cancer cells, its regulatory effects on cancer metabolism, and its relationships with other signaling pathways or microRNAs in cancer. This review aims to compile and summarize existing knowledge of the functions of HBXIP in cancer, which provides a comprehensive reference for future studies on the oncogenic mechanisms of HBXIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Li M, Li X, Yang L. Cardioprotective effects of garcinol following myocardial infarction in rats with isoproterenol-induced heart failure. AMB Express 2020; 10:137. [PMID: 32749545 PMCID: PMC7403263 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a clinical form of necrosis in the myocardium caused by an imbalance between the coronary blood supply and myocardial demand. Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone found in the fruit of Garcinia indica, which is abundant in tropical regions. This fruit contains high levels of garcinol, isoxanthochymol, isogarcinol, hydroxycitric acid and xanthochymol. Garcinol and hydroxycitric acid have been shown to have antioxidant effects. In this study, rats were assigned to sham, control, low-dose, high-dose and positive control groups. Hemodynamic and apoptotic markers were evaluated, and histopathological analysis was conducted. The mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were quantified. Garcinol treatment increased the heart rate and improved the maximum rate of increase in left-ventricle (LV) pressure (+dp/dtmax), maximum rate of decrease in LV pressure (–dp/dtmax), LV ejection fraction and LV systolic pressure in rats with induced heart failure. Garcinol treatment reversed body, liver and heart weight changes, resulting in returns to near-normal levels. In the garcinol treatment group, the number of broken fibers, extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and rate of apoptosis remained within normal ranges. Garcinol reduced the cross-sectional areas of cardiomyocytes, and reduced interstitial fibrosis to a normal level. The mRNA and protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3 and Bax were reduced, whereas those of Bcl-2 were increased, following high-dose (100 mg/kg) garcinol treatment. These findings suggest that garcinol effectively prevents apoptosis in rats with isoproterenol-induced heart failure and in cardiac H9C2 cells.
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Cao H, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q. Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:599-629. [PMID: 31400262 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190809221332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hardiany NS, Yo EC, Ngadiono E, Wanandi SI. Gene Expression of Molecules Regulating Apoptotic Pathways in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treated with Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Conditioned Medium. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 26:35-45. [PMID: 31908585 PMCID: PMC6939736 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumour and there is no definite cure. It has been suggested that there are significant interactions among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), their released factors and tumour cells that ultimately determine GBM’s growth pattern. This study aims to analyse the expression of molecules involved in GBM cell apoptotic pathways following treatment with the MSC secretome. Methods A conditioned medium of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSC-CM) was generated by culturing the cells on serum-free αMEM for 24 h. Following this, human GBM T98G cells were treated with UCMSC-CM for 24 h. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then performed to measure the mRNA expression of survivin, caspase-9, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), DR4 and DcR1. Results mRNA expression of caspase-9 in CM-treated T98G cells increased 1.6-fold (P = 0.017), whereas mRNA expression of survivin increased 3.5-fold (P = 0.002). On the other hand, TRAIL protein expression was upregulated (1.2-fold), whereas mRNA expression was downregulated (0.4-fold), in CM-treated cells. Moreover, there was an increase in the mRNA expression of both DR4 (3.5-fold) and DcR1 (1,368.5-fold) in CM-treated cells. Conclusion The UCMSC-CM was able to regulate the expression of molecules involved in GBM cell apoptotic pathways. However, the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules was more upregulated than that of pro-apoptotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Eko Ngadiono
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Ngadiono E, Hardiany NS. Advancing towards Effective Glioma Therapy: MicroRNA Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:5-16. [PMID: 31496889 PMCID: PMC6719885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioma, especially a grade IV glioblastoma, is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis despite growing medical advancements. Researchers have been looking for better and more effective treatments targeting the molecular pathways of gliomas due to glioblastomas’ ability to develop resistance to chemotherapies. Moreover, glioma stem cells (GSC) contribute to maintaining the glioma population, which benefits from its ability to self-renew and differentiate. Recent research has reported that through the introduction of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) into glioma cells, the growth and development of the glioma cells can be downregulated. It has more currently been found out that UCMSC release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNA that are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, this review analyses literature to discuss all possible miRNAs contained within the UCMSC’s EVs and to elaborate on their molecular mechanisms in halting gliomas and GSC growth. This review will also include the challenges and limitations, to account for which more in vivo research is suggested. In conclusion, this review highlights how miRNAs contained within UCMSC’s EVs are able to downregulate multiple prominent pathways in the survival of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Ngadiono
- International Class Program, Faculty of Medicines Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yu X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xu M, Che Y, Tian X, Wang R, Zou K, Zou L. β-elemene inhibits radiation and hypoxia-induced macrophages infiltration via Prx-1/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4203-4211. [PMID: 31213838 PMCID: PMC6549424 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the progression, evasion of immunity and sensitivity to therapy. Unfortunately, radiation and hypoxia could induce the M2 macrophages infiltration and polarization. Materials and methods: In this study, we investigated the relevance of macrophage recruitment with radiation and hypoxia by transwell. We also evaluated the effect of β-elemene on the infiltration of M2 macrophages and explored its underlying molecular mechanism by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: Irradiated or hypoxia lung cancer cells recruit macrophages, and the recruitment is MCP-1 dependent. We also found that radiation and hypoxia-induced MCP-1 secretion follows upregulation of Prx-1, which leads to nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and HIF-1α expression. In addition, β-elemene could effectively suppress this recruitment phenomenon through Prx-1/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling. Conclusion: Our study showed that radiation and hypoxia significantly promoted the macrophages recruitment. β-elemene could effectively suppress this recruitment phenomenon and MCP-1 expression via inhibiting Prx-1/NF-κB/HIF-1α pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Molecular targets of β-elemene, a herbal extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its potential role in cancer therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108812. [PMID: 30965237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat several types of cancer, with no reported severe adverse effects. Recent studies, using in vitro and in vivo studies combined with molecular methods, have shown that β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the molecular targets of β-elemene that may have a role in cancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the anticancer potential of β-elemene through its actions on several molecular targets including kinase enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, and proteins. β-Elemene also regulates the expression of several key molecules that are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Also, β-elemene has been shown to have regulatory effects on the immune response and increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that β-elemene can induce autophagy, which prevents cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms for the treatment effects on cancer of the herbal extract, β-elemene, which has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, are now being studied and identified.
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Zhou J, Li Y, Li D, Liu Z, Zhang J. Oncoprotein LAMTOR5 Activates GLUT1 Via Upregulating NF-κB in Liver Cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14:264-270. [PMID: 30847404 PMCID: PMC6401392 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating reports reveal that serving as an oncogenic factor LAMTOR5 is involved in the progression of many specific cancers. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is frequently identified in many cancers. However, it remains unexplored whether GLUT1 plays a role in LAMTOR5-enhanced liver cancer. Here, we aim to decipher the function of LAMTOR5 in the regulation of GLUT1 in liver cancer. Methods The effect of LAMTOR5 on GLUT1 was analyzed using Western blotting and RT-PCR assay. Dose-increased over-expression or silencing of LAMTOR5 was performed through transient transfection. LAMTOR5-activated GLUT1 promoter was revealed by luciferase reporter assay. The regulation of GLUT1 by LAMTOR5/NF-κB was examined via Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. Results The data showed that in liver cancer cells under the administration with dose-increased LAMTOR5, the level of mRNA and protein of GLUT1 was obviously raised. Our data revealed that the activities of GLUT1 promoter were induced by LAMTOR5. Then, we found that the elevation of GLUT 1 mediated by LAMTOR5 slowed when the inhibitor or siRNAs of NF-κB was introduced into the liver cancer cells. Conclusion. LAMTOR5 is responsible for the activation of GLUT1 via transcription factor NF-κB in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Li
- Graduate Admission Office Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Tangshan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, Tianjin, China
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Cen M, Yao Y, Cui L, Yang G, Lu G, Fang L, Bao Z, Zhou J. Honokiol induces apoptosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma by targeting FGF2-FGFR1 autocrine loop. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6205-6218. [PMID: 30515999 PMCID: PMC6308115 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases, but there is still a lack of effective therapies. FGFR1 amplification is generally considered a promising therapeutic target. Honokiol is a chemical compound that has been proven to be effective against various malignancies and whose analog has been reported to target the mitogen‐activated protein kinase family, members of a downstream signaling pathway of FGFR1. This was an explorative study to determine the mechanism of honokiol in lung SCC. We found that honokiol induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung SCC cell lines in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Honokiol also restricted cell migration in lung SCC cell lines. Moreover, the expression of FGF2 and the activation of FGFR1 were both downregulated by honokiol. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of FGFR1 induced apoptosis in lung SCC cells. Our in vivo study indicated that honokiol could suppress the growth of xenograft tumors, and this effect was associated with the inhibition of the FGF2‐FGFR1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, honokiol induced cell apoptosis in lung SCC by targeting the FGF2‐FGFR1 autocrine loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Fang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Bao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cheng H, Ge X, Zhuo S, Gao Y, Zhu B, Zhang J, Shang W, Xu D, Ge W, Shi L. β-Elemene Synergizes With Gefitinib to Inhibit Stem-Like Phenotypes and Progression of Lung Cancer via Down-Regulating EZH2. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1413. [PMID: 30555330 PMCID: PMC6284059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors for EGF receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TKIs) such as gefitinib have been used as a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the increasingly occurrence of drug resistance, the associated adverse effects and the enrichment of cancer stem cells significantly impedes its clinical application. β-elemene is a natural sesquiterpene with potent anti-cancer ability, and also it is renowned for its plant-origin, safety and the additive effect with traditional therapies, which prompt us to explore its potential to co-operate with TKIs to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy. Impressively, our study demonstrates that, elemene, in combination of gefitinib, displayed a significantly higher activity in inhibiting lung cancer cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. More importantly, combinative treatment profoundly impaired the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the stem-like properties and the self-renewal capacity of lung cancer cells, and hence impeded the in vivo tumor development. We also reveal that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of elemene and gefitinib was largely mediated their regulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an oncogenic histone methyltransferase and gene transcriptional regulator. Thus, our data indicate that combinative treatment of elemene and gefitinib has greater anti-neoplastic activity and greater efficacies in targeting cancer stem-like properties, mainly through regulating the malignant gene modifier and hence the subsequent effector molecules required for cancer progression. The findings may have potential implications for treating aggressive and resistant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ge
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqin Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihong Ge
- School of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Jiang Y, Wang D, Ren H, Shi Y, Gao Y. Oncogenic HBXIP enhances ZEB1 through Sp1 to accelerate breast cancer growth. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1664-1670. [PMID: 30273966 PMCID: PMC6275833 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is abundant evidence to indicate that HBXIP functions as an oncoprotein and transcription co‐activator during the development and promotion of cancers. In multiple cancers, ZEB1 serves as a transcription activator to regulate gene expression. We explored the roles of ZEB1 in HBXIP‐induced breast cancer growth. Methods HBXIP regulation of ZEB1 was evaluated by reverse transcription PCR and immunoblotting. The stimulation of ZEB1 promoter by HBXIP and/or Sp1 was tested using luciferase reporter gene analysis. The alteration of cell proliferation mediated by HBXIP‐induced ZEB1 was tested using methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation analysis. ZEB1 and HBXIP expression in human breast cancer tissues was analyzed using quantitative real‐time PCR. The relationship between HBXIP and ZEB1 was confirmed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results We observed dose‐dependent upregulation of ZEB1 by HBXIP in breast cancer cells. HBXIP can activate the ZEB1 promoter by interacting with transcription factor Sp1. Cell viability and EdU incorporation analysis showed that HBXIP could drive cell proliferation by enhancing ZEB1 in breast cancer. Using quantitative real‐time PCR, ZEB1 overexpression and a positive relationship between ZEB1 and HBXIP were observed in clinical breast cancer samples. Conclusion Oncogenic HBXIP controls the transcription regulation of ZEB1 by co‐activating Sp1, thereby accelerating breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family comprises a group of endogenous proteins that function as main regulators of caspase activity and cell death. They are considered the main culprits in evasion of apoptosis, which is a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis. Overexpression of IAP proteins has been documented in various solid and hematological malignancies, rendering them resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy and conferring poor prognosis. This observation has urged their exploitation as therapeutic targets in cancer with promising pre-clinical outcomes. This review describes the structural and functional features of IAP proteins to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-apoptotic activity. We also provide an update on patterns of IAP expression in different tumors, their impact on treatment response and prognosis, as well as the emerging investigational drugs targeting them. This aims at shedding the light on the advances in IAP targeting achieved to date, and encourage further development of clinically applicable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- , Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Ciarlini J, Marangoni A, Bolzan A. Selectivity of supercritical CO2 extraction and atmospheric pressure techniques for the major volatile compounds of Eugenia involucrata leaves from Southern Brazil. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Fang Y, Kang Y, Zou H, Cheng X, Xie T, Shi L, Zhang H. β-elemene attenuates macrophage activation and proinflammatory factor production via crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:92-102. [PMID: 29066299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-elemene, extracted from Rhizoma zedoariae, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for its antitumor activity against a broad range of cancers. However, the effect of β-elemene in inflammation disorders has yet to be determined. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of β-elemene in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage cells RAW264.7. We found that the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induced by LPS was significantly suppressed by β-elemene in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Also, β-elemene inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression by RAW264.7, which was related to the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Importantly, this study demonstrates that β-catenin was significantly inhibited by β-elemene, which appeared to be largely responsible for the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Accordingly, the deletion of β-catenin in primary macrophages reversed β-catenin-elicited inhibition of immune response. Furthermore, β-catenin expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 was also significantly inhibited by α-humulene, one isomeric sesquiterpene of β-elemene. α-humulene was also found to significantly inhibit LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, α-humulene showed more cytotoxic ability than β-elemene. Collectively, our data illustrated that β-elemene exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of β-catenin, and also demonstrated the protective functions of β-elemene in endotoxin-induced inflammation. β-elemene may serve as potential nontoxic modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zou
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaxuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Holistic Integrative Oncology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Holistic Integrative Oncology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Liu Y, Jiang ZY, Zhou YL, Qiu HH, Wang G, Luo Y, Liu JB, Liu XW, Bu WQ, Song J, Cui L, Jia XB, Feng L. β-elemene regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce the apoptosis of NSCLC cells through PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:490-497. [PMID: 28672279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) has been regarded as an important cause for the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). β-elemene is an active component in the essential oil extracted from a medicinal herb, Curcuma wenyujin, and has been reported to be effective against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the potential effect and underlying mechanisms of β-elemene on regulating ERs to inhibit NSCLC are still unclear. In the present study, A549 cells and Lewis tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice were established to evaluate this effect. Visualsonics Vevo 2100 Small Animal Dedicated High-frequency Color Ultrasound was performed to observe tumor volume in vivo. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to evaluate cell vitality of A549 cells. Furthermore, western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were applied to detect the ERs-related proteins. Flow cytometry was also applied to detect cell apoptosis and assay kit for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Our results showed that β-elemene inhibited lung cancer tumor growth and cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Not only that, β-elemene could up-regulate ERs-related proteins like PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP and down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression. More importantly, ERs inhibitor 4-PBA, IRE1α inhibitor STF-083010, ATF6 inhibitor Anti-ATF6 and PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 can all reduce the amplitude of protein expression changes and apoptosis rates, then weaken the anti-tumor effect of β-elemene. Therefore, the present in vivo and in vitro study revealed that the anti-NSCLC effect of β-elemene is closely related to the activation of ERs through PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 pathway, and this might be beneficial for clinical therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230038, PR China
| | - Zi-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Yuan-Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230038, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jing-Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xiong-Wei Liu
- The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical Collage, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei-Quan Bu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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20
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Yu X, Xu M, Li N, Li Z, Li H, Shao S, Zou K, Zou L. β-elemene inhibits tumor-promoting effect of M2 macrophages in lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28624450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in tumor are mostly M2-polarized and have been reported to promote tumorigenesis, which are also defined as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). β-elemene has therapeutic effects against several cancers, however, it remains unknown whether β-elemene could inhibit cancer by targeting TAMs. Herein, we examined the effect of β-elemene on macrophages to elucidate a novel mechanism of β-elemene in tumor therapy. We showed that the conditioned medium of M2 macrophages promoted lung cancer cells to migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition, which could be inhibited by β-elemene. Moreover, β-elemene regulated the polarization of macrophages from M2 to M1. β-elemene also inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion of lung cancer cells and enhanced its radiosensitivity. These results indicate β-elemene suppresses lung cancer by regulating both macrophages and lung cancer cells, it is a promising drug for combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Maoyi Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Cai X, Zhang S, Cui M, Liu F, Sun B, Zhang W, Zhang X, Ye L. HBXIP up-regulates ACSL1 through activating transcriptional factor Sp1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:565-571. [PMID: 28132807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) results in the dysregulation of lipid metabolism to enhance the development of breast cancer. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) is required for thioesterification of long-chain fatty acids into their acyl-CoA derivatives. In this study, we present a hypothesis that HBXIP might be involved in the regulation of ACSL1 in breast cancer. Interestingly, we found that the overexpression of HBXIP was able to up-regulate ACSL1 at the levels of mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. Conversely, silencing of HBXIP led to the opposite results. Mechanistically, HBXIP as a coactivator interacted with transcriptional factor Sp1 through binding to the promoter of ACSL1 by ChIP assays analysis, leading to the transcription of ACSL1 in breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the positive rate of ACSL1 was 71.4% (35/49) in clinical breast cancer tissues, HBXIP 79.6% (39/49), in which the positive rate of ACSL1 was 76.9% (30/39) in the HBXIP-positive specimens. But, few positive rate of ACSL1 10% (1/10) was observed in normal breast tissues. The mRNA levels of ACSL1 were significantly higher in clinical breast cancer tissues than those in their corresponding peritumor tissues. The mRNA levels of ACSL1 were positively associated with those of HBXIP in clinical breast cancer tissues. Thus, we conclude that the oncoprotein HBXIP is able to up-regulate ACSL1 through activating the transcriptional factor Sp1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Fabao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Baodi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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22
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Jiang Z, Jacob JA, Loganathachetti DS, Nainangu P, Chen B. β-Elemene: Mechanistic Studies on Cancer Cell Interaction and Its Chemosensitization Effect. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28337141 PMCID: PMC5343065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, screening and identifying novel compounds for their biomedical applications has become an upcoming area of research. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of these compounds has become an integral part of anticancer research. β-elemene, a sesquiterpene, is renowned for its anticancer activity against a variety of cell lines. Recent studies on β-elemene have elucidated that it possesses anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells by creating an apoptotic trigger. Interestingly, it also induces protective autophagy in some cancerous cell lines and is less cytotoxic compared to other widely accepted chemotherapeutic agents. This provides an edge with the perception of limited toxicity to normal cells. This mini-review precisely focuses on the studies performed to identify the mechanism of anticancer activity of β-elemene against cancer cells of multiple origin. In accordance to the evaluation made by the studies mentioned, apoptosis has been identified to be most possible reason behind anticancer activity exerted by β-elemene against a variety of cancer cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and necrosis have been credited to be possible alternate mechanisms for the anticancer effect of β-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Joe A Jacob
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
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23
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Feng H, Wang J, Jiang H, Mei X, Zhao Y, Chen F, Qu Y, Sai K, Guo C, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z. β-Elemene Selectively Inhibits the Proliferation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells Through the Downregulation of Notch1. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:830-839. [PMID: 28297578 PMCID: PMC5442766 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent primary central nervous system tumor. Although the current first-line medicine, temozolomide (TMZ), promotes patient survival, drug resistance develops easily. Thus, it is important to investigate novel therapeutic reagents to solidify the treatment effect. β-Elemene (bELE) is a compound from a Chinese herb whose anticancer effect has been shown in various types of cancer. However, its role in the inhibition of glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) has not yet been reported. We studied both the in vitro and the in vivo inhibitory effect of bELE and TMZ in GSLCs and parental cells and their combined effects. The molecular mechanisms were also investigated. We also optimized the delivery methods of bELE. We found that bELE selectively inhibits the proliferation and sphere formation of GSLCs, other than parental glioma cells, and TMZ exerts its effects on parental cells instead of GSLCs. The in vivo data confirmed that the combination of bELE and TMZ worked better in the xenografts of GSLCs, mimicking the situation of tumorigenesis of human cancer. Notch1 was downregulated with bELE treatment. Our data also demonstrated that the continuous administration of bELE produces an ideal effect to control tumor progression. Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, that bELE could compensate for TMZ to kill both GSLCs and nonstem-like cancer cells, probably improving the prognosis of glioma patients tremendously. Notch1 might be a downstream target of bELE. Therefore, our data shed light on improving the outcomes of glioma patients by combining bELE and TMZ. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:830-839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐bin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao‐ran Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi‐ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu‐rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun‐ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong‐ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong‐ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Chen D, Dai F, Chen Z, Wang S, Cheng X, Sheng Q, Lin J, Chen W. Dimethoxy Curcumin Induces Apoptosis by Suppressing Survivin and Inhibits Invasion by Enhancing E-Cadherin in Colon Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3215-22. [PMID: 27614381 PMCID: PMC5021015 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dimethoxy curcumin (DMC) is a kind of lipophilic analog of curcumin with great improvement in chemical and metabolic stability. DMC has been studied in breast and renal cancer, but no research in colon cancer has been found yet. Material/Methods Two colon cancer cells (HT-29 and SW480) and one normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM460) were used in this study. We studied the effect of DMC on the proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transwell migration assay was used to estimate the inhibition of DMC on invasion. Moreover, the expressions of PARP, caspase-3, survivin and E-cadherin were detected to uncover the related signaling pathways by western blotting assay both in vitro and in vivo. Results DMC significantly inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in dose-dependent manner; IC50 for DMC was calculated to be 43.4, 28.2 and 454.8μM on HT-29, SW480 and NCM460. DMC significantly increased the apoptosis in both HT-29 (p=0.0051) and SW480 (p=0.0013) cells in vitro, and significantly suppressed the growth of both cell lines in vivo. Moreover, DMC reduced the number of migrated cells in both HT-29 (p=0.007) and SW480 (p=0.004) cells. By western blotting analysis, the cleavage of pro-caspases-3 and PARP were clearly induced by DMC to their active form, while the expression of survivin was reduced and E-cadherin was enhanced in both cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions DMC may exert an effective anti-tumor effect in colon cancer cells by down-regulating survivin and upregulating E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhehang Chen
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Saisai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobin Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjiang Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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25
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Liu S, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Yuan Y. β-elemene enhances both radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of glioblastoma cells through the inhibition of the ATM signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:943-51. [PMID: 26062577 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a tumor associated with poor prognosis, is known to be resistant to radiotherapy and alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ). β-elemene, a monomer found in Chinese traditional herbs extracted from Curcuma wenyujin, is currently being used as an antitumor drug for different types of tumors including GBM. In the present study, we investigated the roles of β-elemene in the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM cells. Human GBM cell lines U87-MG, T98G, U251, LN229 and rat C6 cells were treated with β-elemene combined with radiation or TMZ. We used MTT and colony forming assays to evaluate the proliferation and survival of the cells, and the comet assay to observe DNA damage. Expression of proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. In the present study, we found that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation and survival of different GBM cell lines when combined with radiotherapy or TMZ via inhibition of DNA damage repair. Treatment of GBM cells with β-elemene decreased the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), AKT and ERK following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. These results revealed that β-elemene could significantly increase the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM. β-elemene may be used as a potential drug in combination with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang H, Huang C, Wang Y, Lu Z, Zhuang N, Zhao D, He J, Shi L. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Sensitizes TRAIL-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase A20. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127329. [PMID: 25993287 PMCID: PMC4439114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes hepatocyte death and liver damage, which may eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a key antigen that is critically involved in HBV-associated liver diseases. However, the molecular basis for its pathogenesis, particularly in liver damage, has not been well defined. Herein, we report that HBx was able to enhance the susceptibility of hepatocytes to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Increased sensitivity to TRAIL was associated with HBx-induced upregulation of miR-125a, which, in turn, suppressed the expression of its putative target gene, A20 E3 ligase. Importantly, we demonstrate that the defective expression of A20 impaired the K63-linked polyubiquitination of caspase-8, which reciprocally enhanced the activation of caspase-8, the recruitment of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thereby promoting HBx-mediated apoptotic signaling. Accordingly, antagonizing miR-125a or ectopically expressing A20 in hepatocytes abolished the pro-apoptotic effect of HBx. Conversely, the overexpression of miR-125a or knockdown of A20 mimicked HBx to enhance TRAIL susceptibility in hepatocytes. Thus, we establish, for the first time, a miR-125a/A20-initiated and caspase-8-targeted mechanism by which HBx modulates apoptotic signaling and increases hepatic susceptibility to the damaging agent, which might provide novel insight into HBV-related liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Changxin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Ningtong Zhuang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dongjiu Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Jianqin He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zhu Y, Hu J, Shen F, Shen H, Liu W, Zhang J. The cytotoxic effect of β-elemene against malignant glioma is enhanced by base-excision repair inhibitor methoxyamine. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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