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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation of Potential Markers Associated with Prediction and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5880. [PMID: 38892067 PMCID: PMC11172243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at the progressive stage of the disease, and current anticancer drug advancements are still lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to find relevant biomarkers with the accurate prediction of prognoses and good predictive accuracy to select appropriate patients with GC. Recent advances in molecular profiling technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have enabled the approach of GC biology at multiple levels of omics interaction networks. Systemic biological analyses, such as computational inference of "big data" and advanced bioinformatic approaches, are emerging to identify the key molecular biomarkers of GC, which would benefit targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current status of how bioinformatics analysis contributes to biomarker discovery for prognosis and prediction of therapeutic efficacy in GC based on a search of the medical literature. We highlight emerging individual multi-omics datasets, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for validating putative markers. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives to integrate multi-omics analysis for improving biomarker implementation. The practical integration of bioinformatics analysis and multi-omics datasets under complementary computational analysis is having a great impact on the search for predictive and prognostic biomarkers and may lead to an important revolution in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
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2
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Li Y, Jiang M, Wei Y, He X, Li G, Lu C, Ge D. Integrative Analyses of Pyrimidine Salvage Pathway-Related Genes Revealing the Associations Between UPP1 and Tumor Microenvironment. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:101-119. [PMID: 38204987 PMCID: PMC10777732 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pyrimidine salvage pathway plays a critical role in tumor progression and patient outcomes. The roles of pyrimidine salvage pathway-related genes (PSPGs) in cancer, however, are not fully understood. This study aims to depict the characteristics of PSPGs across various cancers. Methods An integrative pan-cancer analysis of six PSPGs (CDA, UCK1, UCK2, UCKL1, UPP1, and UPP2) was conducted using TCGA data, single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, and patient samples. Single-cell transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR were used to validate the relation between UPP1 and cytokines. Flow cytometry was performed to validate the role of UPP1 in immune checkpoint regulation. The correlation between UPP1 and tumor associated neutrophils (TAN) were investigated and validated by single-cell transcriptome analysis and tissue microarrays (TMAs). Results PSPGs showed low mutation rates but significant copy number variations, particularly amplifications in UCKL1, UPP1, and UCK2 across various cancers. DNA methylation patterns varied, with notable negative correlations between methylation and gene expression in UPP1. PSPGs were broadly up-regulated in multiple cancers, with correlations to clinical staging and prognosis. Proteomic data further confirmed these findings. Functional analysis revealed PSPGs' associations with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and various signaling pathways. UPP1 showed strong correlations with the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly with cytokines, immune checkpoints, and various immune cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis confirmed these associations, highlighting UPP1's influence on cytokine expression and immune checkpoint regulation. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), UPP1-high tumor cells were significantly associated with immunosuppressive cells in the TME. Spatial analysis using TMAs revealed that UPP1+ tumor cells were predominantly located at the invasive margin and closely associated with neutrophils, correlating with poorer patient prognosis. Conclusion Our study depicted the multi-dimensional view of PSPGs in cancer, with a particular focus on UPP1's role in the TME. Targeting UPP1 holds promise as a potential strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manling Jiang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yongqi Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xiang F, Luo F. Stem cell factor modulates HIF-1α levels and diminishes 5-FU sensitivity in 5-FU resistant pancreatic cells by altering the anabolic glucose metabolism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23487. [PMID: 37718545 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy in cancer leads to poor therapeutic outcomes and also leads to challenges in treatment. The present work evaluated the mechanism involved in the resistance of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) in pancreatic cancer. At least 14 different pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines were used for the study. For in vivo study female nude mice were selected. Patient-derived tumor xenograft samples were obtained from patients. The study involved, study for glucose uptake, fluorescence-activated cell sorting for glucose transporter, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide for cell survival, Picto-micrography for clonogenic assay, glutamine uptake assay, extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rate, carbon dioxide release assay and lactate assay were also done. In addition to this, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis for expression of genes, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, western blot for protein expression, and immunohistochemical analysis in tumor sections, the tumors were studied by imaging for hypoxia and localization of TKT and CTPS-2. Also, patient-derived xenograft tumors were engrafted in nude mice, followed by a glucose uptake assay. We reported that elevated glycolytic flux causes dependence on glucose in cancer cells and, at the same time, increases pyrimidine biosynthesis. It was also found that stem cell factor-mediated stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α) modulates the resistance in PC. Targeting HIF-1α in combination with 5-FU, strongly reduced the tumor burden. The study concludes that stem cell factor modulates HIF-1α and decreases the sensitivity in 5-FU resistant pancreatic cancer cells by targeting glucose metabolism. Deceased expression levels of CTPS-2 and TKT, which are regulators of pyrimidine biosynthesis could better the chance of survival in patients of pancreatic cancer receiving treatment of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fuwen Luo
- Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Ma X, Peng L, Wang J, Gao L, Zhang W, Lu X, Liu J, Yang L. Autologous CIK cells combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer is safe and feasible. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267369. [PMID: 38022664 PMCID: PMC10646377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the safety and initial efficacy of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells combined with S-1+oxaliplatin (SOX) as the first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods In this two-arm, single-center exploratory trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic GC were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive autologous CIK cells in combination with SOX (CIK-SOX) or SOX alone. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) served as the secondary endpoints. Results Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the study between November 20, 2014 and September 6, 2017. A total of 31 patients received CIK-SOX and 28 patients received SOX. The most common AEs in both groups were gastrointestinal reaction, leucopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated aspartate transaminase concentration, with a higher incidence of these conditions in the SOX group. The median PFS for the CIK-SOX and SOX groups was 6.9 and 4.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio (HR) 0.80, p=0.45). The respective median OS values were 17.8 and 9.75 months (HR 0.76, p=0.34). Patients who received more than three injections of specific lymphocyte subsets benefited the most from this combination therapy. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor metastasis to more than two organs was the main risk factor for PFS and OS. A total of 29 patients in the CIK-SOX group and 25 in the SOX group had measurable lesions. The ORR for the CIK-SOX and SOX groups was 55.2% and 32.0%, while the DCR was 93.1% and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusion The safety of CIK-SOX as the first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic GC was good. Although the PFS and OS in the CIK-SOX group were not statistically significantly different compared to the values in the SOX alone group, this treatment increased the PFS and OS duration, with the absolute improvement in OS of about 8.05 months. Continuous benefit from the CIK-SOX treatment was observed during long-term follow-up. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02504229?term=NCT02504229&rank=1, identifier ChiCTR-IPR-15005923; NCT02504229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Huanxing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Huanxing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Biohealthcare Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Biohealthcare Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Jayalakshmi P, Govind SK. Blastocystis sp. reduces the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil as a colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. Exp Parasitol 2023:108564. [PMID: 37308003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an enteric protozoan parasite with extensive genetic variation and unclear pathogenicity. It is commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we explored the in vitro and in vivo effects of Blastocystis on the activity of a commonly used CRC chemotherapeutic agent, 5-FU. The cellular and molecular effects of solubilized antigen of Blastocystis in the presence of 5-FU were investigated using HCT116, human CRC cell line and CCD 18-Co, normal human colon fibroblast cells. For the in vivo study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, as follows; Control Group: oral administration of 0.3ml Jones' medium, Group A: rats injected with azoxymethane (AOM), Group A-30FU: Rats injected with AOM and administered 30mg/kg 5-FU, Group B-A-30FU: rats inoculated with Blastocystis cysts, injected with AOM and administered 30mg/kg 5-FU, Group A-60FU: rats injected with AOM and administered 60mg/kg 5-FU and Group B-A-60FU: rats inoculated with Blastocystis cysts, injected with AOM and administered 60mg/kg 5-FU. The in vitro study revealed that the inhibitory potency of 5-FU at 8μM and 10μM was reduced from 57.7% to 31.6% (p < 0.001) and 69.0%-36.7% (p < 0.001) respectively when co-incubated with Blastocystis antigen for 24 h. However, the inhibitory potency of 5-FU in CCD-18Co cells was not significantly affected in the presence of Blastocystis antigen. The reduced inhibitory potency of 5-FU against cancer cell proliferation due to the presence of Blastocystis is consistent with the upregulation of expression of type 2 cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Increased inflammation and abnormal histopathological findings along with a significant cancer multiplicity and adenoma incidence were evident in the intestine of the B-A-30FU and B-A-60FU groups when compared with the A-30FU and A-60FU groups respectively. Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that Blastocystis infection could potentially interfere with chemotherapy regimens such as 5-FU in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pailoor Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar Govind
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mafi A, Rezaee M, Hedayati N, Hogan SD, Reiter RJ, Aarabi MH, Asemi Z. Melatonin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy: opportunities and efficacy in cancer therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:33. [PMID: 36759799 PMCID: PMC9912526 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined chemotherapy is a treatment method based on the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic agents; it is frequently necessary to produce a more effective treatment for cancer patients. Such combined treatments often improve the outcomes over that of the monotherapy approach, as the drugs synergistically target critical cell signaling pathways or work independently at different oncostatic sites. A better prognosis has been reported in patients treated with combination therapy than in patients treated with single drug chemotherapy. In recent decades, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has become one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment. This medication, which is soluble in water, is used as the first line of anti-neoplastic agent in the treatment of several cancer types including breast, head and neck, stomach and colon cancer. Within the last three decades, many studies have investigated melatonin as an anti-cancer agent; this molecule exhibits various functions in controlling the behavior of cancer cells, such as inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting invasion. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the role of melatonin as a complementary agent with 5-FU-based chemotherapy for cancers. Additionally, we identify the potential common signaling pathways by which melatonin and 5-FU interact to enhance the efficacy of the combined therapy. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sara Diana Hogan
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XDepartment of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Hao H, Jia X, Ren T, Du Y, Wang J. Novel insight into the mechanism underlying synergistic cytotoxicity from two components in 5-Fluorouracil-phenylalanine co-crystal based on cell metabolomics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chen X, Kuang S, He Y, Li H, Yi C, Li Y, Wang C, Chen G, Chen S, Yu D. The Differential Metabolic Response of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells and Normal Oral Epithelial Cells to Cisplatin Exposure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050389. [PMID: 35629893 PMCID: PMC9147301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of a tumor. It not only promotes the development and progression of tumor but also contributes to the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics. The difference in the metabolism between drug-resistant and sensitive tumor cells indicates that drug-resistant tumor cells have experienced metabolic adaptation. The metabolic response induced by chemotherapy is dynamic, but the early metabolic response of tumor cells to anticancer drugs and the effect of an initial response on the development of drug resistance have not been well studied. Early metabolic intervention may prevent or slow down the development of drug resistance. The differential metabolic responses of normal cells and tumor cells to drugs are unclear. The specific metabolites or metabolic pathways of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be used as the target of metabolic intervention in tumor therapy. In this study, we used comparative metabolomics to analyze the differential metabolic responses of oral cancer cells and normal oral epithelial cells to short-term cisplatin exposure, and to identify the marker metabolites of early response in oral cancer cells. Oral cancer cells showed a dynamic metabolic response to cisplatin. Seven and five metabolites were identified as specific response markers to cisplatin exposure in oral cancer cell SCC-9 and normal oral epithelial cell HOEC, respectively. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and fructose, malate, serine, alanine, sorbose and glutamate were considered as specific enriched metabolic pathways and biomarkers of SCC-9 cells in response to cisplatin, respectively. The existence of differential metabolic responses lays a foundation for tumor chemotherapy combined with metabolic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Sufang Kuang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Hongyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-3933-2990 (S.C.); +86-20-8386-2543 (D.Y.)
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-3933-2990 (S.C.); +86-20-8386-2543 (D.Y.)
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Liang YY, Bacanu S, Sreekumar L, Ramos AD, Dai L, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Seki T, Cao Y, Coffill CR, Lane DP, Prabhu N, Nordlund P. CETSA interaction proteomics define specific RNA-modification pathways as key components of fluorouracil-based cancer drug cytotoxicity. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:572-585.e8. [PMID: 34265272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The optimal use of many cancer drugs is hampered by a lack of detailed understanding of their mechanism of action (MoA). Here, we apply a high-resolution implementation of the proteome-wide cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) to follow protein interaction changes induced by the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and related nucleosides. We confirm anticipated effects on the known main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and enzymes in pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage pathways. However, most interaction changes we see are for proteins previously not associated with the MoA of 5-FU, including wide-ranging effects on RNA-modification and -processing pathways. Attenuated responses of specific proteins in a resistant cell model identify key components of the 5-FU MoA, where intriguingly the abrogation of TYMS inhibition is not required for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu Liang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Smaranda Bacanu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lekshmy Sreekumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Anderson Daniel Ramos
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8 Chome-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia R Coffill
- p53Lab, A∗STAR, 8A Biomedical Groove, Immunos, #06-06, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53Lab, A∗STAR, 8A Biomedical Groove, Immunos, #06-06, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Nayana Prabhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Walter M, Herr P. Re-Discovery of Pyrimidine Salvage as Target in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040739. [PMID: 35203388 PMCID: PMC8870348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are synthesized through two distinct pathways: de novo synthesis and nucleoside salvage. Whereas the de novo pathway synthesizes nucleotides from amino acids and glucose, the salvage pathway recovers nucleosides or bases formed during DNA or RNA degradation. In contrast to high proliferating non-malignant cells, which are highly dependent on the de novo synthesis, cancer cells can switch to the nucleoside salvage pathways to maintain efficient DNA replication. Pyrimidine de novo synthesis remains the target of interest in cancer therapy and several inhibitors showed promising results in cancer cells and in vivo models. In the 1980s and 1990s, poor responses were however observed in clinical trials with several of the currently existing pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors. To overcome the observed limitations in clinical trials, targeting pyrimidine salvage alone or in combination with pyrimidine de novo inhibitors was suggested. Even though this approach showed initially promising results, it received fresh attention only recently. Here we discuss the re-discovery of targeting pyrimidine salvage pathways for DNA replication alone or in combination with inhibitors of pyrimidine de novo synthesis to overcome limitations of commonly used antimetabolites in various preclinical cancer models and clinical trials. We also highlight newly emerged targets in pyrimidine synthesis as well as pyrimidine salvage as a promising target in immunotherapy.
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11
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Kadam W, Wei B, Li F. Metabolomics of Gastric Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1280:291-301. [PMID: 33791990 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Recent metabolomics research has advanced our understanding of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and gastric cancer progression and led to the discovery of metabolic targets for potential clinical applications and therapeutic interventions. As a powerful tool for metabolite and flux measurement, metabolomics not only allows a comprehensive analysis of metabolites and related metabolic pathways but also can investigate the interactions between gastric cancer cells and tumour microenvironment as well as between the cancer cells and gastric microbiome. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the recent advances in gastric cancer metabolism and discuss the applications of metabolomics for target discovery in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bowen Wei
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Fang H, Ma W, Guo X, Wang J. PTPN6 promotes chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells via inhibiting the SP1/MAPK signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:392-400. [PMID: 33615510 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) has been proved to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. However, its role in chemosensitivity and related molecular mechanism have not been clarified. It has been reported that PTPN6 was down-regulated in colorectal cancer cells compared with the normal colorectal cells. To evaluate the effects of PTPN6 on the proliferation and survival of colorectal cancer cells, PTPN6 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells in the present study. We found that cell proliferation and viability were both decreased after overexpression of PTPN6. The IC50 of 5-Fu against colorectal cells was also declined in PTPN6 transfected cells. And further, we verified that PTPN6 could down-regulate the expression of P-gp and MRP-1. Moreover, SP1 was the target protein of PTPN6 predicated by ChIPBase software and confirmed through Co-immunoprecipitation assay and it was negatively regulated by PTPN6. To further verify the effect of SP1 on chemoresistance, SP1 was overexpressed. SP1 overexpression enhanced the drug-resistance to 5-Fu and abrogated the effects of PTPN6 upregulation on 5-Fu resistance. All the above changes were associated with the down-regulation of proteins related to MAPK signalling pathway, such as phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and p38. In summary, PTPN6 promoted chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by targeting SP1 and inhibiting the activation of MAPK signalling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: It has been demonstrated that the abnormal expression of PTPN6 was related to the progression of colorectal cancer. However, the chemosensitivity of PTPN6 and its molecular mechanisms were still unclear. Here, we identified that PTPN6 was down-regulated in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, PTPN6 overexpression not only reduced cell proliferation and viability, but decreased the resistance of colorectal cells to 5-Fu. In our research, we found that the SP1 was the target protein of PTPN6 and it was negatively regulated by PTPN6. In addition, SP1 could increase the resistance of colorectal cells to 5-Fu. Molecular mechanism studies have shown that PTPN6 promoted the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Fang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Translational Medicine Collaorative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuli Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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13
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Su M, Cao G, Wang X, Daniel R, Hong Y, Han Y. Metabolomics study of dried ginger extract on serum and urine in blood stasis rats based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6401-6414. [PMID: 33312526 PMCID: PMC7723213 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. Ginger is often used as herbal medicine, condiment, and health food in China and Southeast Asia to improve some symptoms of cardiovascular disease, but its mechanism of efficacy and metabolic processes is not clear enough. In this study, a rat model of BSS was successfully established and treated with different doses of dried ginger extract. After the end of the administration period, the blood and urine of 5 groups of rats were collected for metabonomic analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to explore metabolites and metabolic pathways, and the correlation between metabolites and pharmacodynamic indicators was further explored. The experimental results show that the pharmacodynamic indicators of dried ginger group (DG) extracts of different doses have different degrees of changes than model group (MG), and the high dose of dried ginger group (GJH) changes is the most significant (p < .05 or p < .01). Besides, 22 different metabolites were identified in the experiment. These metabolites mainly involve seven metabolism pathways in different impact value. DG has therapeutic effects on BSS rats by regulating multiple metabolic pathways. This study provides an effective method for understanding the metabolic mechanism of DG extracts on BSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Grade Three‐level Laboratory of TCM PreparationState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine)/Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized PharmaceuticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Gang Cao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center/Mitochondria and Metabolism CenterDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Raftery Daniel
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center/Mitochondria and Metabolism CenterDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Yan Hong
- Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yanquan Han
- Grade Three‐level Laboratory of TCM PreparationState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine)/Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized PharmaceuticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
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14
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Chen B, Xu X, Zheng K, Liu L, Yu Y, Xin Y. Konjac glucomannan reverses multi-drug resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells by suppressing AKT signaling and increasing p53 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2105-2112. [PMID: 32782527 PMCID: PMC7401006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance, has been a serious problem for patients with cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the reversal effects of konjac glucomannan on multi-drug resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells. In the present study, MTT assay was used to investigate the effects of 5-FU and konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the viability of HepG2/5-FU cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the effects of 5-FU and KGM on the expression of MDR-associated genes including MDR1 and P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp 1), and to analyze the effects of 5-FU and KGM on the levels of cell proliferation-related genes, including cyclin A, cyclin B1 and CDK2, and apoptosis-related genes, including caspase-3, Bax and BCL-2. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was performed to determine the apoptotic rate of HepG2/5-FU. Furthermore, the xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to investigate the in vivo tumor growth by detecting tumor size, volume and tumor weight. KGM significantly decreased the viability of HepG2/5-FU cells in the presence of 5-FU. KGM downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MDR and P-gp, and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1 and CDK2. In addition, KGM significantly suppressed BCL-2 expression and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, resulting in a higher apoptotic rate of HepG2/5-FU cells. Furthermore, KGM suppressed AKT phosphorylation and upregulated p53 expression. Notably, KGM significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2/5-FU in nude mice. KGM may be a promising agent against the resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells to 5-FU by suppressing AKT signaling and increasing p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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15
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and the Potential Significance of Metabolic Regulation in the Reversal of Cancer Chemoresistance. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070289. [PMID: 32708822 PMCID: PMC7408410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumors. Alterations of cellular metabolism not only contribute to tumor development, but also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor drugs. The metabolic response of tumor cells to various chemotherapy drugs can be analyzed by metabolomics. Although cancer cells have experienced metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells has been further modified. Metabolic adaptations of drug resistant cells to chemotherapeutics involve redox, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, glycolysis, polyamine synthesis and so on. The proposed metabolic mechanisms of drug resistance include the increase of glucose and glutamine demand, active pathways of glutaminolysis and glycolysis, promotion of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway, adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming, activation of fatty acid oxidation, and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine production. Several genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Intervening regulatory points described above or targeting key genes in several important metabolic pathways may restore cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This paper reviews the metabolic changes of tumor cells during the development of chemoresistance and discusses the potential of reversing chemoresistance by metabolic regulation.
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16
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Huang H, Wu J, Lu R, Liu X, Chin B, Zhu H, Yin C, Cheng B, Wu Z, Chen X, Liang Y, Song H, Zheng H, Guo H, Su Z. Dynamic urinary metabolomics analysis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS to investigate the potential biomarkers of blood stasis syndrome and the effects of Danggui Sini decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Li J, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Zhou P, Xu X, Liu X, Zhao L, Liu H. Development of a mass spectrometry-based pseudotargeted metabolomics strategy to analyze hormone-stimulated gastric cancer cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113041. [PMID: 31855724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and the incidence of GC is higher in males than females. To investigate the gastric cellular response to hormone therapy, we developed a cell pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP MS). Chromatographic separation, sample analysis and metabolite extraction were optimized in an integrated manner. The established pseudotargeted method, which combined nontargeted and targeted analyses, exhibited high selectivity, good repeatability and wide metabolome coverage. The method was then applied to discover differential metabolites from hormone-stimulated gastric cancer cells compared with the controls for the first time. The results demonstrated that hormone had subtle but phenotypically important alterations in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and so on, which indicate that the developed method is a powerful tool for effective screening of endogenous polar metabolites in cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, PR China
| | - Qingli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, PR China
| | - Piao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, PR China
| | - Xueqi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Longfei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, PR China.
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18
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He L, Zhu H, Zhou S, Wu T, Wu H, Yang H, Mao H, SekharKathera C, Janardhan A, Edick AM, Zhang A, Hu Z, Pan F, Guo Z. Wnt pathway is involved in 5-FU drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30111797 PMCID: PMC6093888 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of cancers, but its antineoplastic activity is limited in drug-resistant cancer cells. To investigate the detailed mechanism of 5-FU resistance, we developed a model of 5-FU-resistant cells from HCT-8 cells, a well-established colorectal cancer cell line. We found that the drug-resistant cells demonstrated high expression of TCF4 and β-catenin, indicating an upregulated Wnt pathway. A microarray analysis revealed that the suppression of the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) pathway explained the resistance to 5-FU, especially in p53 wild-type cancer cells such as HCT-8. Our data also demonstrated that the CHK1 pathway is suppressed by the Wnt pathway in 5-FU-resistant cells. In summary, we have discovered a novel mechanism for 5-FU resistance mediated by histone deacetylation, which also revealed the crosstalk between the Wnt pathway and CHK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiwen Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chandra SekharKathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Avilala Janardhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ashlin M Edick
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Rattner J, Bathe OF. Monitoring for Response to Antineoplastic Drugs: The Potential of a Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040060. [PMID: 29144383 PMCID: PMC5746740 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For most cancers, chemotherapeutic options are rapidly expanding, providing the oncologist with substantial choices. Therefore, there is a growing need to select the best systemic therapy, for any individual, that effectively halts tumor progression with minimal toxicity. Having the capability to predict benefit and to anticipate toxicity would be ideal, but remains elusive at this time. An alternative approach is an adaptive approach that involves close observation for treatment response and emergence of resistance. Currently, response to systemic therapy is estimated using radiographic tests. Unfortunately, radiographic estimates of response are imperfect and radiographic signs of response can be delayed. This is particularly problematic for targeted agents, as tumor shrinkage is often not apparent with these drugs. As a result, patients are exposed to prolonged courses of toxic drugs that may ultimately be found to be ineffective. A biomarker-based adaptive strategy that involves the serial analysis of the metabolome is attractive. The metabolome changes rapidly with changes in physiology. Changes in the circulating metabolome associated with various antineoplastic agents have been described, but further work will be required to understand what changes signify clinical benefit. We present an investigative approach for the discovery and validation of metabolomic response biomarkers, which consists of serial analysis of the metabolome and linkage of changes in the metabolome to measurable therapeutic benefit. Potential pitfalls in the development of metabolomic biomarkers of response and loss of response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Rattner
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
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20
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Xiao S, Zhou L. Gastric cancer: Metabolic and metabolomics perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:5-17. [PMID: 28535006 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide and remains a major health threat in Asia-Pacific regions, while its pathological mechanism is generally unknown. Recent research has advanced the understanding of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and carcinogenesis. In particular, metabolic regulation and cancer research are being further brought into sharp focus with the emergence of metabolomics. Not only can metabolomics provide global information on metabolic profiles of specific tumors, but it can also act as a promising tool to discover biomarkers regarding diagnosis, metastatic surveillance and chemotherapeutic sensitivity prediction. Meanwhile, metabolism-based anticancer therapies will be further discovered. Up to now, accumulative studies have highlighted the application of metabolomics in gastric cancer research regarding different aspects; therefore we summarized the current available results of how metabolic changes are linked to gastric carcinogenesis, and how metabolomics holds promise for the diagnosis, metastatic surveillance, treatment and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang C, Ma Q, Shi Y, Li X, Wang M, Wang J, Ge J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Jiang H. A novel 5-fluorouracil-resistant human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca-109/5-FU with significant drug resistance-related characteristics. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2942-2954. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Lee S, Jang WJ, Choi B, Joo SH, Jeong CH. Comparative metabolomic analysis of HPAC cells following the acquisition of erlotinib resistance. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3437-3444. [PMID: 28529573 PMCID: PMC5431587 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer, due to difficulty in early detection and the limited efficacy of available treatments. Erlotinib is used to inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, erlotinib resistance is a major issue and the mechanisms underlying the development of erlotinib resistance remain unclear. To better understand the alterations in tumor metabolism by acquired resistance to erlotinib, an erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line (HPAC-ER) was established, followed by a comparison of the metabolic characteristics between these cells and their erlotinib-sensitive parental cells (HPAC). This comparison was accomplished through mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolic profiling. Five metabolite groups (acylcarnitines, amino acids and biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and monosaccharides) were semi-quantified and compared statistically. These results revealed significant differences between the two groups of cells. A significant increase in the level of short-chain acylcarnitines and selected lysophosphatidylcholines, and a significant decrease in the level of acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines and one sphingolipid, were observed in the HPAC-ER cells compared with the HPAC cells. The metabolic changes observed in the present study support the theory that there are increased metabolic demands in erlotinib-resistant cancer, reflecting the changes in acetyl-CoA-associated and choline phospholipid metabolism. These findings will aid in elucidating the changes that occur in pancreatic cancer metabolism through the acquired resistance to erlotinib, and in the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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23
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Alonezi S, Tusiimire J, Wallace J, Dufton MJ, Parkinson JA, Young LC, Clements CJ, Park JK, Jeon JW, Ferro VA, Watson DG. Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry and Biolog Microarray Technology. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040035. [PMID: 27754384 PMCID: PMC5192441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to characterise the metabolic profiles of two human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780CR (cisplatin-resistant) in response to their exposure to melittin, a cytotoxic peptide from bee venom. In addition, the metabolomics data were supported by application of Biolog microarray technology to examine the utilisation of carbon sources by the two cell lines. Data extraction with MZmine 2.14 and database searching were applied to provide metabolite lists. Principal component analysis (PCA) gave clear separation between the cisplatin-sensitive and resistant strains and their respective controls. The cisplatin-resistant cells were slightly more sensitive to melittin than the sensitive cells with IC50 values of 4.5 and 6.8 μg/mL respectively, although the latter cell line exhibited the greatest metabolic perturbation upon treatment. The changes induced by melittin in the cisplatin-sensitive cells led mostly to reduced levels of amino acids in the proline/glutamine/arginine pathway, as well as to decreased levels of carnitines, polyamines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The effects on energy metabolism were supported by the data from the Biolog assays. The lipid compositions of the two cell lines were quite different with the A2780 cells having higher levels of several ether lipids than the A2780CR cells. Melittin also had some effect on the lipid composition of the cells. Overall, this study suggests that melittin might have some potential as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanad Alonezi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Jonans Tusiimire
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Jennifer Wallace
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Mark J Dufton
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - John A Parkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Louise C Young
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Carol J Clements
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Beesen Co. Ltd., Bio Venture Town, Yuseong Daero 1662, Dae Jeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jong Woon Jeon
- Beesen Co. Ltd., Bio Venture Town, Yuseong Daero 1662, Dae Jeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Yuan LW, Yamashita H, Seto Y. Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer: The cutting-edge. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2046-2059. [PMID: 26877609 PMCID: PMC4726677 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer cells differs from that of normal epithelial cells. Upregulated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) in gastric cancer meeting the demands of cell proliferation is associated with genetic mutations, epigenetic modification and proteomic alteration. Understanding the mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis may contribute to our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis. Metabolomic studies offer novel, convenient and practical tools in the search for new biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and chemosensitivity prediction of gastric cancer. Interfering with the process of glycolysis in cancer cells may provide a new and promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer. In this article, we present a brief review of recent studies of glucose metabolism in gastric cancer, with primary focus on the clinical applications of new biomarkers and their potential therapeutic role in gastric cancer.
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Wang SY, Kuo CH, Tseng YJ. Ion Trace Detection Algorithm to Extract Pure Ion Chromatograms to Improve Untargeted Peak Detection Quality for Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Data. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3048-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504711d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Wang
- Department of Computer Science
and Information Engineering, ‡The Metabolomics
Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, §School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, ∥Department of Pharmacy,
National Taiwan University Hospital, ⊥Graduate Institute of Biomedical
Electronics and Bioinformatics, #Drug Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- Department of Computer Science
and Information Engineering, ‡The Metabolomics
Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, §School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, ∥Department of Pharmacy,
National Taiwan University Hospital, ⊥Graduate Institute of Biomedical
Electronics and Bioinformatics, #Drug Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yufeng J. Tseng
- Department of Computer Science
and Information Engineering, ‡The Metabolomics
Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, §School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, ∥Department of Pharmacy,
National Taiwan University Hospital, ⊥Graduate Institute of Biomedical
Electronics and Bioinformatics, #Drug Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1257. [PMID: 24874729 PMCID: PMC4047912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The platinum derivative cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), best known as cisplatin, is currently employed for the clinical management of patients affected by testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. For a long time, the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin have been fully ascribed to its ability to generate unrepairable DNA lesions, hence inducing either a permanent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence or the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of cisplatin involves both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic component. Despite the unresolved issues regarding its mechanism of action, the administration of cisplatin is generally associated with high rates of clinical responses. However, in the vast majority of cases, malignant cells exposed to cisplatin activate a multipronged adaptive response that renders them less susceptible to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the drug, and eventually resume proliferation. Thus, a large fraction of cisplatin-treated patients is destined to experience therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Throughout the last four decades great efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms whereby neoplastic cells progressively lose their sensitivity to cisplatin. The advent of high-content and high-throughput screening technologies has accelerated the discovery of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways that may be targeted to prevent or reverse cisplatin resistance in cancer patients. Still, the multifactorial and redundant nature of this phenomenon poses a significant barrier against the identification of effective chemosensitization strategies. Here, we discuss recent systems biology studies aimed at deconvoluting the complex circuitries that underpin cisplatin resistance, and how their findings might drive the development of rational approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- 1] Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy [2] National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - J Michels
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS 769; LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Harel-Bellan
- 1] Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [2] CNRS, FRE3377, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [3] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Castedo
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France [4] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France [5] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Lin LL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Deciphering molecular determinants of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancy using systems biology approaches. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1402-9. [PMID: 24793142 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are asymptomatic in early tumor development, leading to high mortality rates. Peri- or postoperative chemotherapy is a common strategy used to prolong the life expectancy of patients with these diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs exert their effect is crucial to the development of anticancer therapies, especially when drug resistance occurs and an alternative drug is needed. By integrating high-throughput techniques and computational modeling to explore biological systems at different levels, from gene expressions to networks, systems biology approaches have been successfully applied in various fields of cancer research. In this review, we highlight chemotherapy studies that reveal potential signatures using microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomic and metabolomic approaches for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Armitage EG, Barbas C. Metabolomics in cancer biomarker discovery: current trends and future perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:1-11. [PMID: 24091079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating human diseases that causes a vast number of mortalities worldwide each year. Cancer research is one of the largest fields in the life sciences and despite many astounding breakthroughs and contributions over the past few decades, there is still a considerable amount to unveil on the function of cancer. It is well known that cancer metabolism differs from that of normal tissue and an important hypothesis published in the 1950s by Otto Warburg proposed that cancer cells rely on anaerobic metabolism as the source for energy, even under physiological oxygen levels. Following this, cancer central carbon metabolism has been researched extensively and beyond respiration, cancer has been found to involve a wide range of metabolic processes, and many more are still to be unveiled. Studying cancer through metabolomics could reveal new biomarkers for cancer that could be useful for its future prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly popular tool in the life sciences since it is a relatively fast and accurate technique that can be applied with either a particular focus or in a global manner to reveal new knowledge about biological systems. There have been many examples of its application to reveal potential biomarkers in different cancers that have employed a range of different analytical platforms. In this review, approaches in metabolomics that have been employed in cancer biomarker discovery are discussed and some of the most noteworthy research in the field is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Armitage
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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