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Chen M, Wang G, Xu Z, Sun J, Liu B, Chang L, Gu J, Ruan Y, Gao X, Song S. Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:113-128. [PMID: 37578594 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC), which remains as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As a tumor suppressor for GC, whether receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) play a modulatory role in metabolic reprogramming remains largely unclear. METHODS GC cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mouse model were used to identify the biological function of RACK1. Flow cytometry and Seahorse assays were applied to examine cell cycle and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and autophagy double fluorescent assays were utilized to explore the signaling. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 and other indicators in tissue sections. RESULTS Loss of RACK1 facilitated the viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression and OCR of GC cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that RACK1 knockdown inhibited the lysosomal degradation of Alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2). Mechanistically, depletion of RACK1 remarkably decreased PTEN expression through up-regulating miR-146b-5p, leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which dampened autophagy flux subsequently. Moreover, knockdown of ASCT2 could reverse the promotive effect of RACK1 depletion on GC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray confirmed that RACK1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ASCT2 and p62, as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that the suppressive function of RACK1 in GC is associated with ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism, and imply that targeting RACK1/ASCT2 axis provides potential strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Rzepakowska A, Żurek M, Grzybowski J, Kotula I, Pihowicz P, Górnicka B, Demkow U, Niemczyk K. Serum and tissue expression of neuropilin 1 in precancerous and malignant vocal fold lesions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239550. [PMID: 33002021 PMCID: PMC7529309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the tissue expression of NRP-1 and serum level of sNRP-1 in the same patients with intraepithelial laryngeal lesions or early staged laryngeal cancer to identify the clinical significance of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of laryngeal lesions. Material and methods A prospective analysis of tissue was performed on specimens and blood samples from 49 patients, who were admitted for surgical resection due to suspicious vocal fold lesions and were diagnosed as non-dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancers. Results ELISA was conducted on 48 blood samples. The minimum level of sNRP-1 was 0.15 ng/ml and maximum– 37.71 ng/ml. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance revealed no differences in sNRP-1 levels between different histopathological stages of vocal fold lesions (p = 0.234). IHC was conducted in 49 tissue samples. The evaluated mean scores of NRP-1 tissue expression were compared to histopathological stage of the lesion. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance revealed no differences in NRP-1 tissue expression between different histopathological stages of vocal fold lesions (p = 0.536). The correlation of tissue NRP-1 expression and serum levels of NRP-1 within analyzed group was insignificant. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.076 (p = 0.606). Conclusions The NRP-1 tissue expression and serum levels are unlikely to be a prognostic factor for identification of laryngeal dysplasia or early stage laryngeal cancer. Further studies investigating biomolecules involved in laryngeal carcinogenesis are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepakowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michał Żurek
- Students Scientific Research Group at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzybowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kotula
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pihowicz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dou X, Yan J, Zhang Y, Liu P, Jiang Y, Lv S, Zeng F, Chen X, Wang S, Zhang H, Wu H, Zhang H, Ouyang L, Su X. SPECT imaging of neuropilin receptor type-1 expression with 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:961-70. [PMID: 27315007 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuropilin receptor type-1 (NRP-1) is overexpressed in several cancers and metastases, and serves as an attractive target for cancer molecular imaging and therapy. Previous single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) studies demonstrated that the small NRP-1-targeting peptides 99mTc-MA-ATWLPPR and 99mTc-CK3 showed poor tumor imaging quality, because of their rapid blood clearance and very low tumor uptake. Compared with small peptides, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can improve imaging of NRP-1-expression, due to their high affinity, specificity and slow extraction. A6-11-26 is a novel monoclonal antibody against NRP-1 b1b2 domain that exhibits inhibition of tumor growth in NPR-1-expressing preclinical models. The aim of the present study was to develop the 131I-labeled anti-NRP-1 monoclonal antibody A6-11-26 as a SPECT probe for imaging of NRP-1-positive tumor. An anti-NRP-1 monoclonal antibody (A6-11-26) was produced by hybridomas and was labeled with iodine-131 by the iodogen method. In vitro, the radiolabeling efficiency, radiochemical purity, immunoreactive fraction and stability were assessed. Binding affinity and specificity of 131I‑A6-11-26 to NRP-1 were evaluated using human glioblastoma U87MG cells. In vivo, biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies were conducted on mice bearing U87MG xenografts after the injection of 131I-A6-11-26 with or without co-injection of unlabeled A6-11-26 antibody. A6-11-26 was generated successfully by hybridoma with high purity (>95%) and was labeled with iodine-131 within 60 min with high labelling efficiency (95.46±3.34%), radiochemical purity (98.23±1.41%). 131I-A6-11-26 retained its immunoreactivity and also displayed excellent stability in mouse serum and PBS solution during 1 to 96 h. Cell uptake assays showed high NRP-1-specific uptake (15.80±1.30% applied activity at 6 h) in U87MG cells. 131I-A6-11-26 bound to NRP-1 with low nanomolar affinity (KD=1.67±0.14 nM) in U87MG cells. In vivo, biodistribution study demonstrated targeting of U87MG glioma xenografts was NRP-1 specific. The tumor uptake was 6.00±1.24%ID/g at 24 h, and the tumor to muscle ratio was 3.20±0.30 at 24 h, and reached the highest level of 6.13±0.24 at 120 h after injection. SPECT imaging studies revealed that 131I-A6-11-26 could clearly identify U87MG tumors with good contrast, especially at 72-120 h after injection. The present study demonstrates that 131I-A6-11-26 is capable of detecting lesions in an NRP-1-expressing tumor with high target selectivity, and may offer a promising SPECT agent for NRP-1 expression positive tumor and encourage further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Sha Lv
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Cancer Research Center of Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ouyang
- Department of Imaging Medicine, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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Ding M, Liu L, Hu C, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Jiang X. Expression of VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significance. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 26:669-77. [PMID: 25561764 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular-targeted therapy is gradually becoming more appealing for patients with lung cancer. It is unclear whether vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) can be biomarkers for clinical treatment. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical significance by observing patient prognosis. METHODS VEGFR2 and NRP-1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 40 patients with NSCLC and in 10 patients with benign lesions of lung; kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and NRP-1 copy number gain (CNG) was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The distributions of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups by log-rank test. RESULTS Rates of positive immunostaining for VEGFR2 and NRP-1 were 58% and 55%, respectively. KDR and NRP-1 CNG (+) were detected in 32.5% and 30% of tumors, respectively. Levels of both VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in lung tumors were significantly different than in the control tissue (χ(2)=11.22, P=0.001; χ(2)=9.82, P=0.001, respectively); similar results were obtained using CNGs (χ(2)=4.39, P=0.036; χ(2)=3.95, P=0.046, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were observed with histological grade, clinical TNM stage and the lymph node status (P<0.05), but not age, gender or pathology type (P>0.05). VEGFR2 showed a strong correlation with NRP-1 (Rs=0.68, P=0.00); similar results were observed with KDR and NRP-1 CNG (Rs=0.32, P=0.04). Significant differences in OS and PFS were observed between the groups with higher VEGFR2 and NRP-1 and those with lower expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to these data, VEGFR2 and NRP-1 are highly expressed in NSCLC. We can conclude that they play a key role in NSCLC occurrence, development and metastasis and are associated with patient prognosis (P<0.05 for OS and PFS). This information will be beneficial for clinical anti-angiogenic treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhua Ding
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Liang Liu
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Chengxi Hu
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Yi Liu
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Yun Qiao
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- 1 Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China ; 2 Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China ; 3 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
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