1
|
Li P, Ma G, Cui Z, Zhang S, Su Q, Cai Z. FOXM1 and CENPF are associated with a poor prognosis through promoting proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:518. [PMID: 37920441 PMCID: PMC10618931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a clinically challenging disease due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic methods. The aim of the present study was to identify prognosis-related genes and therapeutic targets for LUAD. Raw data from the GSE32863, GSE41271 and GSE42127 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Following normalization, the data were merged into a matrix, which was first used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and survival analysis were performed to screen potential prognosis-related genes. Gene overlaps among DEGs, survival-related genes and WGCNA genes were finally constructed to obtain candidate genes. An analysis with the STRING database was performed to construct a protein-protein interaction network and hub genes were selected using Cytoscape. The candidate genes were finally identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments, including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony-formation and migration assays, were performed to validate the potential mechanism of these genes in LUAD. Two genes, namely forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and centromere protein F (CENPF), were identified as unfavorable indicators of prognosis in patients with LUAD. High expression of FOXM1 and CENPF were associated with poor survival. Furthermore, LUAD cells with FOXM1 and CENPF knockdown showed a significant reduction in proliferation and migration (P<0.05). FOXM1 and CENPF may have an essential role in the prognosis of patients with LUAD by influencing cell proliferation and migration, and they provide potential molecular targets for LUAD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Geng Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobo Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Zhang
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu R, Lee YJ, Kim CH, Min GH, Kim YB, Park JW, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yim H. Invasive FoxM1 phosphorylated by PLK1 induces the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to promote immune escape and metastasis, amplified by IFITM1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:302. [PMID: 37968723 PMCID: PMC10652615 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism behind immune cell plasticity in cancer metastasis is crucial for identifying key regulators. Previously we found that mitotic factors regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but how these factors convert to metastatic players in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. METHODS The clinical importance of mitotic factors was analyzed by heatmap analysis, a KM plot, and immunohistochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS, kinase assay, and site-directed mutagenesis were performed for the interaction and phosphorylation. A tail-vein injection mouse model, Transwell-based 3D culture, microarray analysis, coculture with monocytes, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to elucidate the function of phosphorylated FoxM1 in metastasis of TME. RESULTS The phosphorylated FoxM1 at Ser25 by PLK1 acquires the reprogramming ability to stimulate the invasive traits in cancer and influence immune cell plasticity. This invasive form of p-FoxM1 upregulates the expression of IL1A/1B, VEGFA, and IL6 by direct activation, recruiting monocytes and promoting the polarization of M2d-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Upregulation of PD-L1 in LUAD having phosphomimetic FoxM1 facilitates immune evasion. In invasive LUAD with phosphomimetic FoxM1, IFITM1 is the most highly expressed through the activation of the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling, which enhances FoxM1-mediated signaling. Clinically, higher expression of FOXM1, PLK1, and IFITM1 is inversely correlated with the survival rate of advanced LUAD patients, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of LUAD. CONCLUSION FoxM1-based therapy would be a potential therapeutic strategy for LUAD to reduce TAM polarization, immune escape, and metastasis, since FoxM1 functions as a genetic reprogramming factor reinforcing LUAD malignancy in the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hong Min
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases Research, Department of Chronic Diseases Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rather TB, Parveiz I, Bhat GA, Rashid G, Wani RA, Khan IY, Mudassar S. Evaluation of Forkhead BOX M1 (FOXM1) gene expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2385-2405. [PMID: 36318377 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1)-a key cell cycle regulator is a member of the Forkhead transcription factor family. It plays a key role in embryogenesis and cell proliferation and has been strongly linked to various solid tumors. We sought to understand the regulation of FOXM1 in colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as if and to what extent other clinicopathological characteristics are associated with FOXM1. The investigation comprised 98 CRC samples and normal tissues (controls). All colon cancer patients had a colonoscopy and targeted biopsy. All rectal cancer patients had a CT and MRI. Real-time PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to evaluate FOXM1 expression, and the findings were analyzed using SPSS (v.26). FOXM1 mRNA and protein expression were substantially upregulated in tumor tissues, with the majority of these proteins localized in nucleo-cytoplasm. Elevated protein levels of FOXM1 were strongly correlated with lower education level, larger tumor size, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor invasion depth (subserosal and serosal invasion), late stage (III and IV), localization (nucleo-cytoplasmic), intensity (strong) and recurrence. Based on survival analysis, FOXM1 overexpression and nucleo-cytoplasmic localization were associated with shorter disease-free survival while stage and PNI were linked to poorer overall and disease-free survival. According to the results of the Cox regression analysis, stage and PNI were significant predictors of prognosis in CRC patients. FOXM1 expression was elevated in CRC and was linked to reduced disease-free survival. These findings support prior reports and hence FOXM1 can be an important prognostic marker for CRC and a promising therapeutic target. Additionally, we found a link between poor disease-free survival and FOXM1's nucleo-cytoplasmic localization. However, since the sample size of this study was small, further research is needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Bilal Rather
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Ishrat Parveiz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity university, Haryana, India
| | - Rauf A Wani
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Ishrat Younas Khan
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Syed Mudassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Voigt E, Quelle DE. FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6: New Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13596. [PMID: 37686402 PMCID: PMC10487994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are deadly sarcomas, which desperately need effective therapies. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a common inherited disease. NF1 patients can develop benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), often in adolescence, and over time, some PNFs, but not all, will transform into MPNSTs. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations driving PNF-MPNST transformation will guide development of more targeted and effective treatments for these patients. This review focuses on an oncogenic transcription factor, FOXM1, which is a powerful oncogene in other cancers but little studied in MPNSTs. Elevated expression of FOXM1 was seen in patient MPNSTs and correlated with poor survival, but otherwise, its role in the disease is unknown. We discuss what is known about FOXM1 in MPNSTs relative to other cancers and how FOXM1 may be regulated by and/or regulate the most commonly altered players in MPNSTs, particularly in the MEK and CDK4/6 kinase pathways. We conclude by considering FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6 as new, clinically relevant targets for MPNST therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Shi S, Lin C, Che L, Li Y, Zeng Q, Lin W. Lncrna CASC11 aggravates diabetic nephropathy via targeting FoxO1. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:476-483. [PMID: 37790209 PMCID: PMC10542706 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-42345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the biological effects of CASC11 on aggravating diabetic nephropathy (DN) by regulating FoxO1 (forkhead transcription factor O1). Methods Serum levels of CASC11 and FoxO1 in DN patients were detected. The possibility of CASC11 in predicting the onset of DN was analyzed by depicting ROC curves. Correlation between CASC11 and FoxO1 was evaluated by Pearson correlation test. After intervening CASC11 and FoxO1 levels, we found that changes in proliferative and migratory abilities in high glucose (HG)induced kidney mesangial cells were determined respectively. Protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smads regulated by both CASC11 and FoxO1 were examined by Western blot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuhan Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Changda Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lishuang Che
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuangen Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Quanzuan Zeng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weiyuan Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Renal Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ullah MA, Alam S, Moin AT, Ahamed T, Shohael AM. Risk factors and actionable molecular signatures in COVID-19-associated lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106855. [PMID: 37040675 PMCID: PMC10072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of COVID-19's pathogenic effect on lung cancer patients is yet unknown. In this study, we used differential gene expression pattern analysis to try to figure out the possible disease mechanism of COVID-19 and its associated risk factors in patients with the two most common types of non-small-cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. We also used network-based approaches to identify potential diagnostic and molecular targets for COVID-19-infected lung cancer patients. Our study showed that lung cancer and COVID-19 patients share 36 genes that are expressed differently and in common. Most of these genes are expressed in lung tissues and are mostly involved in the pathogenesis of different respiratory tract diseases. Additionally, we also found that COVID-19 may affect the expression of several cancer-associated genes in lung cancer patients, such as the oncogenes JUN, TNC, and POU2AF1. Moreover, we also reported that COVID-19 may predispose lung cancer patients to other diseases like acute liver failure and respiratory distress syndrome. Also, our findings in concert with published literature suggest that molecular signatures like hsa-mir-93-5p, CCNB2, IRF1, CD163, and different immune cell-based approaches could help both diagnose and treat this group of patients. Overall, the scientific results of this research will aid in the formulation of suitable management strategies as well as the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for COVID-19-infected lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayka Alam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Tayab Moin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Mohammad Shohael
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Demirtas Korkmaz F, Dogan Turacli I, Esendagli G, Ekmekci A. Effects of thiostrepton alone or in combination with selumetinib on triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10387-10397. [PMID: 36097108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FoxM1 transcription factor contributes to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we examined the effects of FoxM1 inhibitor Thiostrepton (THIO) alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor Selumetinib (SEL) on metastatic parameters in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry was used to assess metastasis-related protein expressions in 4T1 cells and its allograft tumor model in BALB/c mice. In vivo uPA activity was determined by enzymatic methods. RESULTS Both inhibitors were effective on the expressions of FoxM1, ERK, p-ERK, Twist, E-cadherin, and Vimentin alone or in combination in vitro. THIO significantly decreased 4T1 cell migration and changed the cell morphology from mesenchymal-like to epithelial-like structure. THIO was more effective than in combination with SEL in terms of metastatic protein expressions in vivo. THIO alone significantly inhibited mean tumor growth, decreased lung metastasis rate and tumor foci, however, no significant changes in these parameters were observed in the combined group. Immunohistochemically, FoxM1 expression intensity was decreased with THIO and its combination with SEL in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that inhibiting FoxM1 as a single target is more effective than combined treatment with MEK in theTNBC allograft model. The therapeutic efficacy of THIO should be investigated with further studies on appropriate drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Demirtas Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey.
| | - Irem Dogan Turacli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guldal Esendagli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ekmekci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castaneda M, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Forkhead Box Transcription Factors: Double-Edged Swords in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2057-2065. [PMID: 35315926 PMCID: PMC9258984 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of treatment options exist for cancer therapeutics, but many are limited by side effects and either intrinsic or acquired resistance. The need for more effective targeted cancer treatment has led to the focus on forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors as possible drug targets. Forkhead factors such as FOXA1 and FOXM1 are involved in hormone regulation, immune system modulation, and disease progression through their regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Forkhead factors can influence cancer development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the various roles of forkhead factors in biological processes that support cancer as well as their function as pioneering factors and their potential as targetable transcription factors in the fight against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castaneda
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Corresponding Author: Sendurai A. Mani, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 910, Houston, TX 77030-3304. Phone: 713-792-9638; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
EMT and Inflammation: Crossroads in HCC. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:204-212. [PMID: 35020133 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is associated with several inflammatory mediators, since 90% of HCCs occur based on chronic hepatitis B or C, alcoholism or increasingly metabolic syndrome-associated inflammation. EMT is a physiological process, with coordinated changes in epithelial gene signatures and is regulated by multiple factors, including cytokines and growth factors such as TGFβ, EGF, and FGF. Recent reports propose a strong association between EMT and inflammation, which is also correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes. Cellular heterogeneity results collectively as an outcome of EMT, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment, and it plays a fundamental role in the progression, complexity of cancer, and chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight recent developments concerning the association of EMT and inflammation in the context of HCC progression. Identifying potential EMT-related biomarkers and understanding EMT regulatory molecules will likely contribute to promising developments in clinical practice and will be a valuable tool for predicting metastasis in general and specifically in HCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujii Y, Amatya VJ, Kushitani K, Suzuki R, Kai Y, Kambara T, Takeshima Y. Downregulation of lncRNA PVT1 inhibits proliferation and migration of mesothelioma cells by targeting FOXM1. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:27. [PMID: 34859258 PMCID: PMC8674703 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor, and an effective strategy for its treatment is not yet available. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be associated with various biological processes, including the regulation of gene expression of cancer-related pathways. Among various lncRNAs, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) acts as a tumor promoter in several human cancers, but its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. Increased PVT1 expression was identified in ACC-MESO-1, ACC-MESO-4, CRL-5915, and CRL-5946 mesothelioma cell lines. PVT1 expression was investigated in mesothelioma cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and its functional analysis by cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration, and cell invasion assays, as well as western blot analysis of downstream target genes. Knockdown of PVT1 expression in these cell lines by small interfering RNA transfection resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration and increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PVT1 knockdown in mesothelioma cell lines caused the downregulation of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression, while the results of western blot analysis revealed that this knockdown reduced FOXM1 expression at the protein level. In addition, combined knockdown of PVT1 and FOXM1 decreased the proliferation of mesothelioma cell lines. In conclusion, PVT1 and FOXM1 were involved in the proliferation of cancer cells. Therefore, PVT1-FOXM1 pathways may be considered as candidate targets for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Vishwa Jeet Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Kei Kushitani
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Rui Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kai
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramundo V, Zanirato G, Aldieri E. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the Development and Metastasis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212216. [PMID: 34830097 PMCID: PMC8621591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor mainly associated with asbestos exposure and is characterized by a very difficult pharmacological approach. One of the molecular mechanisms associated with cancer onset and invasiveness is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an event induced by different types of inducers, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), the main inducer of EMT, and oxidative stress. MPM development and metastasis have been correlated to EMT; On one hand, EMT mediates the effects exerted by asbestos fibers in the mesothelium, particularly via increased oxidative stress and TGFβ levels evoked by asbestos exposure, thus promoting a malignant phenotype, and on the other hand, MPM acquires invasiveness via the EMT event, as shown by an upregulation of mesenchymal markers or, although indirectly, some miRNAs or non-coding RNAs, all demonstrated to be involved in cancer onset and metastasis. This review aims to better describe how EMT is involved in driving the development and invasiveness of MPM, in an attempt to open new scenarios that are useful in the identification of predictive markers and to improve the pharmacological approach against this aggressive cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ramundo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giada Zanirato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang YL, Ma Y, Zeng YQ, Liu Y, He EP, Liu YT, Qiao FL, Yu R, Wang YS, Wu XY, Leng P. A narrative review of research progress on FoxM1 in breast cancer carcinogenesis and therapeutics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1704. [PMID: 34988213 PMCID: PMC8667115 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to clarify the potential roles of forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, as well as the predictive value of FoxM1 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. BACKGROUND Breast cancer, well-known as a molecularly heterogeneous cancer, is still one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors among females worldwide. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the central causes of high mortality in breast cancer patients. Many factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, including FoxM1. FoxM1, widely regarded as a classic proliferation-related transcription factor, plays pivotal roles in the occurrence, proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes of multiple human tumors including breast cancer. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for articles published in English from February 2008 to May 2021 using related keywords such as "forkhead box transcription factor M1", "human breast cancer", "FoxM1", and "human tumor". About 90 research papers and reports written in English were identified, most of which were published after 2015. These papers mainly concentrated on the functions of FoxM1 in the occurrence, development, drug resistance, and treatment of human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Considering that the abnormal expression of FoxM1 plays a significant role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy drug resistance of breast cancer, and its overexpression is closely correlated with the unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics of breast tumor patients, it is considerably important to comprehend the regulatory mechanism of FoxM1 in breast cancer. This will provide strong evidence for FoxM1 as a potential biomarker for the targeted treatment and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Disaster Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Qin Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - En-Ping He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College-Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen F, Gao Q, Zhang L, Ding Y, Wang H, Cao W. Inhibiting HDAC3 (Histone Deacetylase 3) Aberration and the Resultant Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Related Factor-2) Repression Mitigates Pulmonary Fibrosis. Hypertension 2021; 78:e15-e25. [PMID: 34148362 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qi Gao
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- From the Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning J, Jiang S, Li X, Wang Y, Deng X, Zhang Z, He L, Wang D, Jiang Y. GPC3 affects the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:199. [PMID: 34112123 PMCID: PMC8194200 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a heparin sulphate proteoglycan whose expression is associated with several malignancies. However, its expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is limited and ambiguous. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the expression of GPC3 in NSCLC and develop a risk-score model for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. Methods The gene expression profiles of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were downloaded from the UCSC Xena database. Using the limma package, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different comparison groups were analysed and the differential expression of GPC3 was calculated. A functional enrichment analysis was conducted for GPC3-associated genes using the DAVID tool. For the GPC3-associated genes shared by the four comparison groups, a protein–protein interaction network was built using the Cytoscape software. After conducting a survival analysis and a Cox regression analysis, the genes found to be significantly correlated with prognosis were selected to construct a risk-score model. Besides, the gene and protein levels of GPC3 were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in LUSC tissues and paracancer tissues. Results The differential expression of GPC3 was significant (adjusted P < 0.05) in the NSCLC vs. normal, LUAD vs. normal, LUSC versus normal, and LUAD versus. LUSC comparison groups. GPC3 directly interacted with SERPINA1, MFI2, and FOXM1. Moreover, GPC3 expression was significantly correlated with pathologic N, pathologic T, gender, and tumour stage in LUAD samples. Finally, the risk-score model (involving MFI2, FOXM1, and GPC3) for LUAD and that (involving SERPINA1 and FOXM1) for LUSC were established separately. The qRT-PCR result showed that GPC3 expression was much higher in the LUSC tissues than that in the normal group. The IHC results further showed that GPC3 is highly expressed in LUSC tissues, but low in paracancer tissues. Conclusion The three-gene risk-score model for LUAD and the two-gene risk-score model for LUSC might be valuable in improving the prognosis of these carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of General Medicine (VIP Ward) and Department of Tumor Supportive and Palliative Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shenyi Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuhong Deng
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lijie He
- The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Long J, Huang S, Bai Y, Mao J, Wang A, Lin Y, Yang X, Wang D, Lin J, Bian J, Yang X, Sang X, Wang X, Zhao H. Transcriptional landscape of cholangiocarcinoma revealed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5923107. [PMID: 33051665 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of cancer with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Although some important genes and pathways associated with CCA have been identified, the relationship between coexpression and phenotype in CCA at the systems level remains unclear. In this study, the relationships underlying the molecular and clinical characteristics of CCA were investigated by employing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The gene expression profiles and clinical features of 36 patients with CCA were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the coexpression of DEGs was determined by using the WGCNA method to investigate the correlations between pairs of genes. Network modules that were significantly correlated with clinical traits were identified. In total, 1478 mRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed in CCA. Seven coexpression modules that significantly correlated with clinical characteristics were identified and assigned representative colors. Among the 7 modules, the green and blue modules were significantly related to tumor differentiation. Seventy-eight hub genes that were correlated with tumor differentiation were found in the green and blue modules. Survival analysis showed that 17 hub genes were prognostic biomarkers for CCA patients. In addition, we found five new targets (ISM1, SULT1B1, KIFC1, AURKB and CCNB1) that have not been studied in the context of CCA and verified their differential expression in CCA through experiments. Our results not only promote our understanding of the relationship between the transcriptome and clinical data in CCA but will also guide the development of targeted molecular therapy for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Shenzhen Withsum Technology Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao H, Jiang Z, Fu X, Kuang Y, Lin S, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Zheng F. High expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a poor prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6331-6343. [PMID: 35117241 PMCID: PMC8799027 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is closely related to the formation and development of cancer. Because of differences in cellular origin, lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) usually exhibit different signatures. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the abnormalities of FOXM1 in the two subtypes separately. METHODS Through the Oncomine and TCGA databases, we investigated the expression of FOXM1 mRNA, its prognostic value and possible mechanisms leading to its dysregulation. Furthermore, networks involving FOXM1 and its significantly altered neighboring genes were identified using the cBioPortal database. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID. RESULTS Expression of FOXM1 mRNA was higher in lung tumor tissues than in normal tissues, and higher in SCC tissues than in ADC tissues. FOXM1 mRNA expression was correlated with N stage, TNM stage, age, sex and smoking history in ADC, but only correlated with N stage, age and sex in SCC. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of FOXM1 mRNA resulted to poor overall survival (OS) for ADC patients, but not for SCC patients. Cox regression analysis confirmed that FOXM1 mRNA expression was an independent prognostic indicator for ADC patients, and regression analysis identified a moderately positive correlation between FOXM1 mRNA levels and copy number alterations (CNAs), but a weakly negative association with DNA methylation. FOXM1 was mainly involved in cell cycle regulation, G2/M transition, G1/S transition and p53, PI3K-Akt and TGF-beta signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS High expression of FOXM1 mRNA might be an independent biomarker of poor OS in ADC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zebin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xian Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongjun Kuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingmu Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glucose-Dependent FOXM1 Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Via Cellular Metabolism and Targeting Snail in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2020; 49:273-280. [PMID: 32011531 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcription factor Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) plays critical roles in the progression of cancer including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study is to characterize the regulatory mechanisms of FOXM1 in EMT via pancreatic cancer metabolism. METHODS We investigated the regulation of EMT via mitochondrial respiration by FOXM1 using pancreatic cancer cell lines HPAC and PANC-1 and normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. RESULTS Forkhead box protein M1 and Snail were strongly expressed in HPAC and PANC-1. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-modulated claudin-1 level was lower in PANC-1 than in HPAC. In both cell lines in low-glucose medium, FOXM1 and Snail were decreased and claudin-1 was increased. Knockdown of FOXM1 increased claudin-1 and decreased Snail in both cell lines. Low-glucose medium and downregulation of FOXM1 inhibited the cell migration in both cell lines. In both cell lines, mitochondrial respiration was at higher levels in low-glucose medium than in high-glucose medium. Downregulation of FOXM1 induced mitochondrial respiration in high-glucose medium. In normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells, FOXM1 and Snail were low and claudin-1 was highly expressed, whereas overexpression of FOXM1 decreased claudin-1. CONCLUSIONS Glucose-dependent FOXM1 promoted EMT via Snail and pancreatic cancer metabolism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma X, Liang AL, Liu YJ. Research progress on the relationship between lung cancer drug-resistance and microRNAs. J Cancer 2019; 10:6865-6875. [PMID: 31839821 PMCID: PMC6909942 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a malignant tumor with the highest death rate of cancer, seriously endangers human health. And its pathogenesis and mechanism of drug resistance has been partially clarified, especially for the signal pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The targeting therapy of EGFR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has achieved a certain effect, but the two mutation of EGFR and other mechanisms of lung cancer resistance still greatly reduce the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy on it. MicroRNA is an endogenous non coding RNA, which has a regulatory function after transcriptional level. Recent studies on the mechanism of lung cancer resistance have found that a variety of microRNAs are related to the mechanism of lung cancer drug-resistance. They can regulate lung cancer resistance by participating in signal pathways, drug resistance genes and cell apoptosis, thus affecting the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs. Therefore, microRNAs can be used as a specific target for the treatment of lung cancer and plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of lung cancer. This article reviews the mechanisms of lung cancer resistance and its relationship with microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong & Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Liang
- Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong & Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong & Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao S, Yu Y, Liu L, Meng J, Li G. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007059 restrains proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells via inhibiting microRNA-378. Life Sci 2019; 233:116692. [PMID: 31351967 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As newly discovered non-coding RNA (ncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) has become a research hotspot in manifold cancers. But, the influences of hsa_circ_0007059 in lung cancer remain obscure. Expression of hsa_circ_0007059 in lung cancer tissues was firstly determined through RT-qPCR. After overexpressing hsa_circ_0007059, cell viability, apoptosis, p53/CyclinD1, Bax and Pro/Cleaved-Caspase-3 and EMT-correlative factors (E-cadherin, Vimetin, Twist1 and Zeb1) were tested in A549 and H1975 cells. MiR-378 expression in lung cancer tissues and cells was evaluated after miR-378 mimic transfection. Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2 pathways were finally evaluated in A549 and H1975 cells. Inhibition of hsa_circ_0007059 was discovered in lung cancer tissues. Overexpressed hsa_circ_0007059 evidently restrained cell proliferation, elevated p53 and repressed CyclinD1 expression, meanwhile triggered apoptosis and enhanced Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 expression. Increased hsa_circ_0007059 abated EMT via enhancement of E-cadherin and inhibition of Vimentin, Twist and Zeb1 in A549 and H1975 cells. MiR-378 was up-regulated in lung cancer tissues, declined by hsa_circ_0007059 overexpression in A549 and H1975 cells. Overexpressed hsa_circ_0007059 hindered Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2 pathways via suppressing miR-378 in A549 and H1975 cells. The investigations manifested that hsa_circ_0007059 abated cell proliferation and EMT process in lung cancer cells via inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2 pathways via suppressing miR-378.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Gao
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Guifang Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang C, Liu T, Wang K, Wang X, Xu S, He D, Zeng J. Transcriptional regulation of FoxM1 by HIF‑1α mediates hypoxia‑induced EMT in prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1307-1318. [PMID: 31364741 PMCID: PMC6718104 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a tumorigenesis-related microenvironment change which usually occurs in the earliest stage of prostate cancer (PCa) development. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that hypoxia/hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF) is involved in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased metastatic potential in PCa. However, the mechanism by which hypoxia/HIF regulates EMT remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-induced EMT in PCa, focusing on HIF-1α/Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) signaling pathway. PCa PC3 and DU145 cell lines were used as the model system in vitro. Our data revealed that hypoxia induced EMT in PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified the possible association between HIF-1α and FoxM1. Additionally, FoxM1 was significantly associated with PCa development and Gleason scores of PCa. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in the increased expression of HIF-1α and FoxM1. Genetic knockdown FoxM1 abolished hypoxia-induced EMT in PCa, while exogenous overexpression of FoxM1 facilitated hypoxia-induced EMT. Furthermore, the increase of FoxM1 during hypoxia was due to the transcriptional regulation on the FoxM1 promoter by HIF-1α. We also confirmed the binding site of HIF-1α on the FoxM1 promoter by different lengths promoter sequences. These findings provide new insights into how EMT is regulated in PCa under hypoxic stress. It is worthwhile to investigate in future that inhibition of FoxM1 as a potential target may be an effective therapeutic strategy against PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tianjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Li H, Hu L, Wang J, Liu Q, Wang D, Sun X. Overexpression of FoxM1 in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:706-715. [PMID: 31333047 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419863193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare tumor of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Its etiology and factors associated with tumor progression remains unclear. Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) has also been suggested to serve as an oncogene due to its pivotal roles in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of FoxM1 in IP and IP with associated squamous cell carcinoma (IPwSCC). Methods The study included 8 subjects with IPwSCC, 17 subjects with sinonasal IP, and 8 normal uncinate tissue (UT) mucosa. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression and distribution of FoxM1, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cyclin B1, and cyclin D1 in IP tissues and normal control. The expression of FoxM1, PLK1, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1 in IPwSCC was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FoxM1, PLK1, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1 was significantly upregulated in IP tissues versus normal UT by real-time PCR (all P values < .05). Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of FoxM1 was observed in the tumor cells of sinonasal IP and IPwSCC, but scarce positive cells in normal UT mucosa. The percentage of positive FoxM1-staining cells was statistically higher in IPwSCC than IP and normal UT mucosa (both P < .05). Both mRNA and protein expression of FoxM1 in IP with or without associated squamous cell carcinoma was correlated with tumor histological grades (both P < .05). Conclusion FoxM1, a proliferation specific transcription factor, was overexpressed in sinonasal IP and IPwSCC. FoxM1 might be a key molecule associated with growth of IP and malignant transformation of IP into IPwSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Experimental Center, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xicai Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang P, Lu X, Shi Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Liu H. miR-205-5p regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting PTEN via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Gene 2019; 710:103-113. [PMID: 31158447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) symbolizes the predominant program of advanced-stage cancer, it is critical in cancer progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, the metastatic properties of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells were evaluated by morphological examination, wound healing assay, migration and invasion assay. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to ascertain the expression of markers which were associated with EMT. The effects of miR-205-5p on invasion, migration, EMT and proliferation of NPC cells were evaluated and the molecular mechanisms of their interaction were explored. In this study, we manifested firstly that the expression of miR-205-5p in cisplatin-resistant NPC cell line HNE1/DDP was obviously up-regulated than that in its parental cell line HNE1. Then we analyzed the specific role of miR-205-5p through functional assays by transfecting specific mimics and inhibitors. The results indicated that low expression of miR-205-5p restrained EMT progression of HNE1/DDP cells. Further studies on the mechanism of miR-205-5p manifested that PTEN was a downstream candidate gene of miR-205-5p, down-regulated PTEN expression could counteract the effect of miR-205-5p inhibitors, and the regulation of EMT by miR-205-5p on HNE1/DDP cells depended on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Overall, our results indicated that miR-205-5p was targeting PTEN to regulate EMT through the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study will supply a new treatment target for advanced NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingyue Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zongfen Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Surong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang P, Lu X, Shi Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Liu H. WITHDRAWN: miR-205-5p regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting PTEN via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Gene X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
25
|
Singh R, Peng S, Viswanath P, Sambandam V, Shen L, Rao X, Fang B, Wang J, Johnson FM. Non-canonical cMet regulation by vimentin mediates Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9960. [PMID: 31040125 PMCID: PMC6505578 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the need for improved systemic therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we previously demonstrated that mesenchymal NSCLC was sensitive to polo-like kinase (Plk1) inhibitors, but the mechanisms of resistance in epithelial NSCLC remain unknown. Here, we show that cMet was differentially regulated in isogenic pairs of epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines. Plk1 inhibition inhibits cMet phosphorylation only in mesenchymal cells. Constitutively active cMet abrogates Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Likewise, cMet silencing or inhibition enhances Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Cells with acquired resistance to Plk1 inhibitors are more epithelial than their parental cells and maintain cMet activation after Plk1 inhibition. In four animal NSCLC models, mesenchymal tumors were more sensitive to Plk1 inhibition alone than were epithelial tumors. The combination of cMet and Plk1 inhibition led to regression of tumors that did not regrow when drug treatment was stopped. Plk1 inhibition did not affect HGF levels but did decrease vimentin phosphorylation, which regulates cMet phosphorylation via β1-integrin. This research defines a heretofore unknown mechanism of ligand-independent activation of cMet downstream of Plk1 and an effective combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavitra Viswanath
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sambandam
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiayu Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matsubara T, Tagawa T, Takada K, Toyokawa G, Shimokawa M, Kozuma Y, Akamine T, Haro A, Osoegawa A, Mori M. Clinical and Prognostic Significance of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:e504-e513. [PMID: 31103348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the process through which cells lose epithelial characteristics and gain a mesenchymal phenotype. The EMT contributes to tumor invasion and cancer progression, and is associated with metastasis and poor survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. However, little is known about the relationships between the EMT and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin of specimens acquired from 183 consecutive patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. The clinicopathologic significance of the association of the EMT status with E-cadherin and vimentin expression was analyzed after propensity score matching. RESULTS E-cadherin and vimentin were detected in 68.3% and 18.6% of stage IA lung adenocarcinomas, respectively. The presence of cells with EMT conversion was associated with older patient age. A propensity score-matched cohort (128 patients) was used for further analyses. Computed tomography revealed that tumors with EMT conversion showed solid-dominant nodules compared to those without conversion. Survival analysis after propensity score matching showed that the EMT correlated with poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.57, P = .0451) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.23, P = .0471). Multivariate analysis revealed that the EMT was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The EMT was a significant predictor of poor prognosis of patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. The EMT status may serve as an indicator for administering adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Matsubara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gouji Toyokawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kozuma
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaki Akamine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Haro
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Osoegawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Wu F, Tan Q, Guo M, Ma P, Wang X, Zhang S, Xu J, Luo P, Jin Y. The multifaceted roles of FOXM1 in pulmonary disease. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:35. [PMID: 30992007 PMCID: PMC6469073 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a transcriptional regulator of G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression in the cell cycle, plays a principal role in many physiological and pathological processes. A growing number of studies have focused on the relationship between abnormal FOXM1 expression and pulmonary diseases, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These studies indicate that the FOXM1 regulatory network is a major predictor of poor outcomes, especially in lung cancer, and provide novel insight into various pulmonary diseases. For the first time, this review summarizes the mechanistic relationship between FOXM1 dysregulation and pulmonary diseases, the benefits of targeting abnormal FOXM1 expression, and the questions that remain to be addressed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Chen D, Gao J, Long H, Zha H, Zhang A, Shu C, Zhou L, Yang F, Zhu B, Wu W. Centromere protein U expression promotes non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation through FOXM1 and predicts poor survival. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6971-6984. [PMID: 30588102 PMCID: PMC6298391 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Centromere protein U (CENPU) abnormally exhibits high expression in various types of human tumor tissues and participates in tumor progression; however, its expression pattern and biological function in lung cancer have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we explored the clinical significance and biological function of CENPU in lung cancer. Materials and methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analyses, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were performed to quantify CENPU and FOXM1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. Survival data were obtained from Kaplan–Meier plotter or PROGgene V2 prognostic database. The function of CENPU in lung cancer cell proliferation was determined using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell cycle assays, and the underlying mechanism was determined through bioinformatic analyses and validated by in vitro siRNA or plasmid transfection experiments. Results CENPU was abnormally overexpressed in NSCLC samples compared with matched paired normal tissues. Higher expression of CENPU predicted worse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in NSCLC patients. Knockdown of CENPU expression by siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation and delayed cell cycle progression of lung cancer cells. To figure out the mechanism, bioinformatic analyses were performed and the results showed that the transcription factor, FOXM1, positively correlated with CENPU. Further in vitro experiments indicated that FOXM1 was the possible downstream transcription factor of CENPU as the knockdown of CENPU led to lower expression of FOXM1 and the overexpression of FOXM1 significantly reversed the inhibition of proliferation caused by CENPU knockdown. Furthermore, FOXM1 was highly expressed in NSCLC. The knockdown of FOXM1 also attenuated proliferation and induced G1 arrest in lung cancer cells. Conclusion CENPU was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues, wherein it promoted lung cancer cell proliferation via the transcription factor, FOXM1, which could be a potential target for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Diangang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jianbao Gao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Haoran Zha
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Anmei Zhang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Chi Shu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Prognostic impact of microscopic vessel invasion and visceral pleural invasion and their correlations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, and treatment failure in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 128:13-19. [PMID: 30642445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microscopic vessel invasion (MVI) and visceral pleural invasion (VPI) have been recently reported as poor prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness (CS) are known malignant phenotypes that induce resistance to cancer therapy. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of MVI and the correlations among VPI/MVI, EMT, CS, and treatment failure for recurrent tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2002 to 2013, 1034 consecutive patients with pathological T1-4N0-2M0 lung adenocarcinoma underwent complete resection. Moreover, we established 206 tissue microarray (TMA) samples from 2002 to 2007. We then evaluated the prognostic impact of MVI, including conventional clinicopathological factors, and analyzed the VPI/MVI, EMT, CS, and treatment failure by TMA immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Among the 1034 cases, the proportion of patients with a 5-year overall survival (OS) period was 63.9% and 88.2% (MVI: +/-; p < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that both MVI and VPI were independent predictors of OS (HR 1.57 and 1.47, respectively). Significant separation of the OS rate curves was observed among the 3 groups [VPI/MVI: both positive (2), either positive (1), and both negative (0)]. Among the 206 TMA cases, these 3 groups of VPI/MVI were significantly correlated with EMT and CS. The median time to progression after recurrence were 3.8, 8.9, and 15.9 months, respectively (VPI/MVI: 2/1/0; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION MVI and VPI are significant prognostic factors of lung cancer, and they are correlated with EMT, CS, and treatment failure for recurrent tumor.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yao Y, Wang X, Jiang L, Shao X, Zhu X, He S. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of FoxM1 expression in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13899. [PMID: 30593202 PMCID: PMC6314739 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to assess the relationship between FoxM1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) by summarizing the studies included. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and other sources were searched for relative studies. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were used to assess association between FoxM1 expression and clinical parameters and prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the final analysis, with 1149 CRC patients. The outcome revealed that expression of FoxM1 was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.19-0.62, P < .001), distant metastasis (OR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.24-0.46, P < .001) and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.29-0.72, P < .001). Meanwhile, reduced FoxM1 expression indicated higher 5-year survival rate (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.18-0.78, P = .01). Expression of FoxM1 was also increased obviously in CRC tissues (OR = 13.04, 95%CI = 4.07-41.71, P < .001). CONCLUSION This pooled analysis indicated that FoxM1 expression related to lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis of the CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Linhua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clemenceau A, Gaudreault N, Henry C, Ugalde PA, Labbé C, Laviolette M, Joubert P, Bossé Y. Tumor-based gene expression biomarkers to predict survival following curative intent resection for stage I lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207513. [PMID: 30458017 PMCID: PMC6245750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic biomarkers are needed in clinical setting to predict outcome after resection for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. The goal of this study is to validate tumor-based single-gene expression biomarkers with demonstrated prognostic value in order to move them along the clinical translation pipeline. Methods Prognostic genes were selected from the literature and the best candidates measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in tumors of 233 patients with stage I adenocarcinoma. Significant prognostic genes were then validated in an independent set of 210 patients matching the first set in terms of histology, stage, and clinical data. Results Eleven genes with demonstrated prognostic value were selected from the literature. Complementary analyses in public databases and our own microarray dataset led to the investigation of six genes associated with good (BTG2, SELENBP1 and NFIB) or poor outcome (RRM1, EZH2 and FOXM1). In the first set of patients, EZH2 and RRM1 were significantly associated with better survival on top of age, sex and pathological stage (EZH2 p = 3.2e-02, RRM1 p = 5.9e-04). The prognostic values of EZH2 and RRM1 were not replicated in the second set of patients. A trend was observed for both genes in the joint analyses (n = 443) with higher expression associated with worse outcome. Conclusion Adenocarcinoma-specific mRNA expression levels of EZH2 and RRM1 are associated with poor post-surgical survival in the first set of patients, but not replicated in a clinically and pathologically matched independent validation set. This study highlights challenges associated with clinical translation of prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Clemenceau
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyndi Henry
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula A. Ugalde
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Labbé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Geng YH, Wang ZF, Jia YM, Zheng LY, Chen L, Liu DG, Li XH, Tian XX, Fang WG. Genetic polymorphisms in CDH1 are associated with endometrial carcinoma susceptibility among Chinese Han women. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6868-6878. [PMID: 30405831 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadherin 1 (CDH1) gene plays critical roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, potentially offering us a glimpse into the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC). The present study aimed to identify whether genetic variants in CDH1 affect EC susceptibility in Chinese Han women, using a strategy combining haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) association analysis with fine-scale mapping. A total of 9 htSNPs in CDH1 were genotyped among 516 cases and 706 age-matched cancer-free controls. Logistic regression analyses revealed 3 htSNPs (rs17715799, rs6499199 and rs13689) to be associated with increased EC risk and 3 htSNPs (rs12185157, rs10431923 and rs4783689) with decreased EC risk. Furthermore, 14 newly imputed SNPs of CDH1 were identified to be associated with EC risk (P<0.05) using genotype imputation analysis. Notably, multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that rs13689, rs10431923 and rs10431924 could affect EC susceptibility independently (P≤0.001). Subsequent Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction analysis revealed several best fitting models for predicting EC risk, including SNP-SNP interactions among rs7100190, rs12185157, rs10431923, rs7186053, rs6499199, rs4783689, rs13689, rs6499197 and rs10431924, and SNP-environment interactions between related SNPs and number of childbirth. Moreover, functional annotations suggest that the majority of these susceptible variants may carry potential biological functions that affect certain gene regulatory elements. In summary, this study suggested that the genetic polymorphisms of CDH1 were indeed associated with EC susceptibility on several levels. If further additional functional studies could verify these findings, these genetic variants may serve as future personalized markers for the early prediction of endometrial cancer in Chinese Han women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hang Geng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Fan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mian Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ge Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xia Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Gang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liao GB, Li XZ, Zeng S, Liu C, Yang SM, Yang L, Hu CJ, Bai JY. Regulation of the master regulator FOXM1 in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:57. [PMID: 30208972 PMCID: PMC6134757 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a critical proliferation-associated transcription factor that is widely spatiotemporally expressed during the cell cycle. It is closely involved with the processes of cell proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis. In most human cancers, FOXM1 is overexpressed, and this indicates a poor prognosis for cancer patients. FOXM1 maintains cancer hallmarks by regulating the expression of target genes at the transcriptional level. Due to its potential role as molecular target in cancer therapy, FOXM1 was named the Molecule of the Year in 2010. However, the mechanism of FOXM1 dysregulation remains indistinct. A comprehensive understanding of FOXM1 regulation will provide novel insight for cancer and other diseases in which FOXM1 plays a major role. Here, we summarize the transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications of FOXM1, which will provide extremely important implications for novel strategies targeting FOXM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Xin-Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Jian-Ying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Emprou C, Le Van Quyen P, Jégu J, Prim N, Weingertner N, Guérin E, Pencreach E, Legrain M, Voegeli A, Leduc C, Mennecier B, Falcoz P, Olland A, Santelmo N, Quoix E, Massard G, Guenot D, Chenard M, Beau‐Faller M. SNAI2 and TWIST1 in lymph node progression in early stages of NSCLC patients. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3278-3291. [PMID: 29845746 PMCID: PMC6051239 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an important prognosis factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lymph node progression in the early stages of NSCLC. We studied a retrospective cohort of 160 consecutive surgically treated NSCLC patients with available frozen tumor samples for expression of EMT markers (CDH1, CTNNB1, CDH2, and VIMENTIN), inducers (TGFB1, c-MET, and CAIX), and transcription factors (EMT-TF: SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, TWIST1, and TWIST2). Partial EMT was more frequent in N1-2 (N+) vs N0 patients (P < .01). TGFB1 (P = .02) as well as SNAI2 (P < .01) and TWIST1 (P = .04) were the most differentially expressed genes in N+ tumors. In this group, ZEB1 was correlated with all EMT inducers and other EMT-TFs were overexpressed depending on the inducers. CAIX was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (IC 95% HR: 1.10-5.14, P = .03). Partial EMT is involved in lymph node progression of NSCLC patients and depends on the TGFβ pathway. EMT-TFs are differentially expressed depending on EMT inducers. CAIX might be a relevant prognostic marker in early stage NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Emprou
- Department of PathologyHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Pauline Le Van Quyen
- Department of PathologyHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Jérémie Jégu
- Department of Public HealthNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- EA3430: Tumoral Progression and Micro‐environment, Translational and Epidemiological ApproachesUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Nathalie Prim
- Department of PneumologyNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Noëlle Weingertner
- Department of PathologyHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Eric Guérin
- EA3430: Tumoral Progression and Micro‐environment, Translational and Epidemiological ApproachesUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Department of Molecular BiologyOncobiology LaboratoryRegional Institute of Cancer StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- EA3430: Tumoral Progression and Micro‐environment, Translational and Epidemiological ApproachesUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Department of Molecular BiologyOncobiology LaboratoryRegional Institute of Cancer StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Michèle Legrain
- Department of Molecular BiologyOncobiology LaboratoryRegional Institute of Cancer StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Anne‐Claire Voegeli
- Department of Molecular BiologyOncobiology LaboratoryRegional Institute of Cancer StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Charlotte Leduc
- Department of PneumologyNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Bertrand Mennecier
- Department of PneumologyNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Pierre‐Emmanuel Falcoz
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Anne Olland
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Nicolas Santelmo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Department of PneumologyNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Gilbert Massard
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Dominique Guenot
- EA3430: Tumoral Progression and Micro‐environment, Translational and Epidemiological ApproachesUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Marie‐Pierre Chenard
- Department of PathologyHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Michèle Beau‐Faller
- EA3430: Tumoral Progression and Micro‐environment, Translational and Epidemiological ApproachesUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Department of PneumologyNouvel Hôpital CivilUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Department of Molecular BiologyOncobiology LaboratoryRegional Institute of Cancer StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liang C, Zhao J, Ge H, Li G, Wu J. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of FoxM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3561-3571. [PMID: 29950861 PMCID: PMC6016270 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recently, the abnormal expression of FoxM1 has been found in many malignant tumors. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of FoxM1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to establish the relationship between FoxM1 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognostic value in patients with HCC. Methods An electronic search for relevant articles was conducted according to a set of criteria in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese CNKI and Chinese WanFang databases. The correlation data between FoxM1 expression and clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using STATA14.2. Results A total of 14 studies comprising of 2,036 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results showed that FoxM1 expression was related to the incidence, tumor size (>5 cm), vascular invasion, differentiation and TNM stage. Moreover, overexpression of FoxM1 indicated a poor 3- and 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and recurrence-free survival rate (disease-free survival rate). Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that FoxM1 expression was associated with incidence, tumor size (>5 cm), vascular invasion, differentiation and TNM stage. Accordingly, FoxM1 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. However, additional high-quality studies are still needed to further support these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Department of Tumor Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Qiao WB, Shan L. Expression and functional characterization of FOXM1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3385-3393. [PMID: 29928129 PMCID: PMC6001838 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives FOXM1 is a key member of the FOX transcription factor family, which plays a vital role in a series of physiological processes. In the present study, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and cell lines were studied to explore the correlation between FOXM1 expression and this malignancy. Materials and methods The expression status of FOXM1 was detected in 128 cases of NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. The relationship of FOXM1 expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients was evaluated by us. In addition, we also explored the biological functions of FOXM1 in NSCLC cell lines. Results The FOXM1 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. FOXM1 expression was closely correlated with lymph node status and TNM stage. Cox regression analysis were performed to demonstrate the prognosis role of FOXM1. Conclusion FOXM1 conferred a proliferation and invasion advantage to NSCLC cell. The FOXM1 can be regarded as an important molecular marker in NSCLC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
FoxM1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through a c-Met/AKT-dependent positive feedback loop. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:216-226. [PMID: 29360662 PMCID: PMC5821477 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) has been associated with cancer progression and metastasis. However, the function of FoxM1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of FoxM1 in regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of TSCC cells. We found that FoxM1 induced EMT and increased invasion/migration capacity in SCC9 and SCC25 cells. FoxM1 stimulation increased c-Met, pAKT, and vimentin levels but decreased E-cadherin level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay established that FoxM1 is bound to the promoter of c-Met to activate its transcription. In turn, c-Met promoted the expression of FoxM1 and pAKT. Blocking AKT signaling attenuated the invasion and migration of SCC9 and SCC25 cells stimulated by FoxM1 or c-Met. These results indicate that a positive feedback loop controls the EMT and migration of TSCC cells induced by FoxM1 and c-Met through AKT. Furthermore, the expression levels of FoxM1, pAKT, and c-Met were found to significantly increase in TSCC tissues compared with normal tissues, and these three biomarkers were concomitantly expressed in TSCC tissues. Clinical association analyses indicated that the expression of FoxM1, c-Met, and pAKT was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with TSCC including tumor stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. Taken together, our findings suggest that FoxM1 promotes the EMT, invasion and migration of TSCC cells, and cross-talks with c-Met/AKT signaling to form a positive feedback loop to promote TSCC development.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiu G, Sui X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. FOXM1 regulates radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell partly by upregulating KIF20A. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:79-85. [PMID: 29704495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), an important regulator of tumorigenesis in various human tumors, has recently been reported to play a role in the modulation of radiosensitivity in glioma and breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of FOXM1 on radiotherapy resistance in human lung cancer and to explore the related molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that FOXM1 expression was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells after IR (Ionizing radiation). FOXM1 inhibition impeded survival fractions, impeded proliferation, and triggered apoptosis after IR. Moreover, the silencing of FOXM1 dampened cell migration, invasion, and EMT (epithelial-mesenchyman transition) in A549 and H1299 cells treated by IR. In addition, KIF20A was also highly expressed in IR-treated A549 cells and downregulated by FOXM1 inhibition. Knockdown of KIF20A inhibited the survival fraction. Reintroduction of KIF20A partly reversed the effects of FOXM1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of A549 cells. Taken together, these results indicated that FOXM1 might enhance radioresistance partly through the induction of KIF20A expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Xiu
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China.
| | - Xiujie Sui
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li M, Sun Q, Wang X. Transcriptional landscape of human cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34534-34551. [PMID: 28427185 PMCID: PMC5470989 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneity and heterogeneity in somatic mutations, copy number alterations and methylation across different cancer types have been extensively explored. However, the related exploration based on transcriptome data is lacking. In this study we explored gene expression profiles across 33 human cancer types using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We identified consistently upregulated genes (such as E2F1, EZH2, FOXM1, MYBL2, PLK1, TTK, AURKA/B and BUB1) and consistently downregulated genes (such as SCARA5, MYOM1, NKAPL, PEG3, USP2, SLC5A7 and HMGCLL1) across various cancers. The dysregulation of these genes is likely to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. The dysregulated pathways commonly in cancers include cell cycle, DNA replication, repair, and recombination, Notch signaling, p53 signaling, Wnt signaling, TGFβ signaling, immune response etc. We also identified genes consistently upregulated or downregulated in highly-advanced cancers compared to lowly-advanced cancers. The highly (low) expressed genes in highly-advanced cancers are likely to have higher (lower) expression levels in cancers than in normal tissue, indicating that common gene expression perturbations drive cancer initiation and cancer progression. In addition, we identified a substantial number of genes exclusively dysregulated in a single cancer type or inconsistently dysregulated in different cancer types, demonstrating the intertumor heterogeneity. More importantly, we found a number of genes commonly dysregulated in various cancers such as PLP1, MYOM1, NKAPL and USP2 which were investigated in few cancer related studies, and thus represent our novel findings. Our study provides comprehensive portraits of transcriptional landscape of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingrong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li L, Wu D, Yu Q, Li L, Wu P. Prognostic value of FOXM1 in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32298-32308. [PMID: 28427178 PMCID: PMC5458285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of the association between Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) expression and survival of human solid tumors. To address this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis with 23 studies identified from PubMed and Medline. We found elevated FOXM1-protein expression was significantly associated with worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.56 to 4.25, P < 0.00001) 5-year OS (OR =3.35, 95% CI = 2.64 to 4.26, P < 0.00001) and 10-year OS (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.61 to 10.52, P < 0.00001) of human solid tumors. Similar results were observed when disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed that FOXM1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. High expression level of FOXM1 was also associated with advanced tumor stage. In conclusion, elevated FOXM1 expression is associated with poor survival in most solid tumors. FOXM1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and a promising therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Surgery, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Fourth Ward of Neurosurgery, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdi Li
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kelleher FC, O'Sullivan H. FOXM1 in sarcoma: role in cell cycle, pluripotency genes and stem cell pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42792-42804. [PMID: 27074562 PMCID: PMC5173172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 is a pro-proliferative transcription factor that promotes cell cycle progression at the G1-S, and G2-M transitions. It is activated by phosphorylation usually mediated by successive cyclin – cyclin dependent kinase complexes, and is highly expressed in sarcoma. p53 down regulates FOXM1 and FOXM1 inhibition is also partly dependent on Rb and p21. Abnormalities of p53 or Rb are frequent in sporadic sarcomas with bone or soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for 36% of index cancers in the high penetrance TP53 germline disorder, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. FOXM1 stimulates transcription of pluripotency related genes including SOX2, KLF4, OCT4, and NANOG many of which are important in sarcoma, a disorder of mesenchymal stem cell/ partially committed progenitor cells. In a selected specific, SOX2 is uniformly expressed in synovial sarcoma. Embryonic pathways preferentially used in stem cell such as Hippo, Hedgehog, and Wnt dominate in FOXM1 stoichiometry to alter rates of FOXM1 production or degradation. In undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, liposarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway increases expression of the effector co-transcriptional activator Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). A complex involving YAP and the transcription factor TEAD elevates FOXM1 in these sarcoma subtypes. In another scenario 80% of desmoid tumors have nuclear localization of β-catenin, the Wnt pathway effector molecule. Thiazole antibiotics inhibit FOXM1 and because they have an auto-regulator loop FOXM1 expression is also inhibited. Current systemic treatment of sarcoma is of limited efficacy and inhibiting FOXM1 represents a potential new strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Zhou X, Xu M, Weng W, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wei P, Du X. OTUB1-catalyzed deubiquitination of FOXM1 facilitates tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36681-36697. [PMID: 27167337 PMCID: PMC5095031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is essential for regulation of cell physiology, protein stability, and signal transduction [1]. Its dysregulation is an important factor in many diseases, including cancer. We explored the potential OTUB1-catalyzed deubiquitination of FOXM1, a transcription factor linked to carcinogenesis, and the biological consequence of that interaction in ovarian cancer. We found that FOXM1 is ubiquitinated by multiple polyUb chains and targeted for proteosomal degradation in a reaction dependent on its ubiquitination-required KEN box. Additionally, the OTUB1 N-terminus and catalytic triad bind to FOXM1, specifically catalyzing cleavage of the K48-specific ubiquitin linkage from FOXM1. Moreover, OTUB1-FOXM1 interaction drives tumor progression and OTUB1 expression predicts a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Our study suggests that inhibiting OTUB1-FOXM1 interaction is a potential new avenue for ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200044, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200044, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Weng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiongyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yusi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kou B, Liu W, Tang X, Kou Q. HMGA2 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by regulating the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:101-108. [PMID: 29138866 PMCID: PMC5783590 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), a member of the high mobility group family, has been reported to correlate with cancer progression. However, there is no report concerning the correlation between HMGA2 and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, we found that HMGA2 was highly expressed in five renal cell carcinoma cell lines compared with that in the normal renal tubular epithelial HK2 cell line. Additionally, HMGA2 facilitated cell migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells, as evidenced by wound healing and Transwell assays. Subsequently, our results revealed that the E-cadherin level was upregulated, while N-cadherin, Twist1 and Twist2 expression were downregulated in HMGA2-depleted ACHN cells. In contrast, overexpression of HMGA2 in 786-O cells enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, analysis of the database Cancer Browser further validated the positive correlation between HGMA2 and Twist1 or Twist2 in renal cell carcinoma. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low HMGA2 expression was closely associated with an increased overall survival in renal cell carcinoma patients. To confirm the underlying mechanism of HMGA2-regulated EMT, our results revealed that silencing of HMGA2 downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β and Smad2, while HMGA2 overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, TGF-β overexpression could partially reverse the anti-metastatic effect and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) by HMGA2 loss, while TGF-β deficiency impeded the pro-metastatic phenotype and high expression of EMT markers induced by HMGA2 overexpression. In summary, our results demonstrated that HMGA2 facilitated a metastatic phenotype and the EMT process in renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro through a TGF-β-dependent pathway. In addition, these data strongly suggest that HGMA2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker against renal cell carcinoma in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Tang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Kou
- Medical Center, First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Emerging Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100131. [PMID: 28953239 PMCID: PMC5664070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. PLK1 is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, and its expression level often correlates with increased cellular proliferation and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It has been suggested that PLK1 controls cancer development through multiple mechanisms that include canonical regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis, modulation of DNA replication, and cell survival. However, emerging evidence suggests novel and previously unanticipated roles for PLK1 during tumor development. In this review, we will summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of the oncogenic functions of PLK1, with a focus on its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of these functions.
Collapse
|
45
|
Fei BY, He X, Ma J, Zhang M, Chai R. FoxM1 is associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer through induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6553-6561. [PMID: 29163688 PMCID: PMC5686434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect FoxM1 and epithelial (E-) cadherin protein expression in 92 CRC, 61 colonic adenoma and 32 wild-type colonic tissue samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were performed to determine the expression levels of FoxM1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in 30 CRC and adjacent normal mucosal tissues. RNA interference was used to knock down endogenous FoxM1 expression in CRC cell lines, and the migratory and invasive capacity of the CRC cells was analyzed. The expression of FoxM1, E-cadherin and neuronal (N-) cadherin in the CRC cell lines was evaluated using qPCR and Western blot analysis. The relative expression levels of FoxM1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the CRC tissues compared with those in the colonic adenoma and wild-type mucosal tissue samples (P<0.01). In contrast, the relative expression levels of E-cadherin mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the CRC tissues compared with in the colonic adenoma and normal mucosal tissues (P<0.01). FoxM1 overexpression and decreased E-cadherin expression were significantly associated with poor colonic tissue differentiation, lymph node metastasis and an advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage. Additionally, the increased expression of FoxM1 was associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression (P<0.01). Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated FoxM1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Downregulation of FoxM1 expression significantly increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin expression. The results of the present study suggest that FoxM1 overexpression in tumor tissues is significantly associated with metastasis in CRC through the induction of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ying Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun M, Wang X, Tu C, Wang S, Qu J, Xiao S. microRNA-216b inhibits cell proliferation and migration in human melanoma by targeting FOXM1 in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1272-1282. [PMID: 28225180 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an increasingly important role in cancer growth by coordinately suppressing genes that control cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. The above results can be achieved through the regulation of gene expression by miRNAs by suppressing translation or the direct sequence-specific degradation of the targeted mRNA. In the present study, we indicate that the expression of miR-216b could be effectively repressed both in human melanoma tissues through a comparison with primary melanoma and in human melanoma cell lines through a comparison with a normal human keratinocyte line. Moreover, miR-216b induced a clear decrease in melanoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was confirmed as a target gene of miR-216b, and the overexpression of miR-216b markedly repressed the luciferase activity of reporter plasmids containing the FOXM1 3'-UTR (untranslated region). Furthermore, miR-216b suppressed melanoma cell growth in nude mice in vivo, with the effects of miR-216b overexpression on melanoma cell growth and proliferation reversed by FOXM1 overexpression. The results demonstrated that miR-216b is a tumor suppressor in melanoma, identified the FOXM1 signaling pathway as a target of miR-216b action, and suggested a potential therapeutic role for miR-216b in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Y, Liu Y, Ni H, Ding C, Zhang X, Zhang Z. FoxM1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma resulting in poor clinical prognosis. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1045-1054. [PMID: 28848994 PMCID: PMC5592873 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), a member of the Fox family of transcriptional factors, is involved in the development of various human malignancies. However, the expression level of FoxM1 and its functional role in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remained unclear to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the FoxM1 expression in 63 HSCC and 20 adjacent normal tissues, as well as to evaluate its association with the clinicopathological parameters and its diagnostic value in HSCC. To further explore the biological function of FoxM1 in vitro, siRNAs were used to knockdown the expression of FoxM1 in the HSCC cell line Fadu. The results revealed that FoxM1 protein was highly expressed in HSCC tissues and that its high expression was closely associated with HSCC tumor differentiation (P=0.004), tumor size (P=0.002), clinical stage (P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), treatment (P=0.045) and expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 (P<0.001). Additionally, the elevated expression of FoxM1 in HSCC patients consistently predicted a poor survival time. Knockdown of FoxM1 expression blocked Fadu cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and also led to the down-regulation of cyclin A1 expression. Furthermore, decreased expression of FoxM1 markedly impeded cell migration and reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, as indicated by decreased expression of vimentin and increased expression of E-cadherin in Fadu cells. These results indicate that FoxM1 may act as an oncogene and serve as a therapeutic target against malignant progression in HSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Haosheng Ni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanjin Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mukhopadhyay NK, Chand V, Pandey A, Kopanja D, Carr JR, Chen YJ, Liao X, Raychaudhuri P. Plk1 Regulates the Repressor Function of FoxM1b by inhibiting its Interaction with the Retinoblastoma Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46017. [PMID: 28387346 PMCID: PMC5384083 DOI: 10.1038/srep46017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxM1b is a cell cycle-regulated transcription factor, whose over-expression is a marker for poor outcome in cancers. Its transcriptional activation function requires phosphorylation by Cdk1 or Cdk2 that primes FoxM1b for phosphorylation by Plk1, which triggers association with the co-activator CBP. FoxM1b also possesses transcriptional repression function. It represses the mammary differentiation gene GATA3 involving DNMT3b and Rb. We investigated what determines the two distinct functions of FoxM1b: activation and repression. We show that Rb binds to the C-terminal activation domain of FoxM1b. Analyses with phospho-defective and phospho-mimetic mutants of FoxM1b identified a critical role of the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in regulating the binding of FoxM1b to Rb and DNMT3b. That is opposite of what was seen for the interaction of FoxM1b with CBP. We show that, in addition to GATA3, FoxM1b also represses the mammary luminal differentiation marker FoxA1 by promoter-methylation, and that is regulated by the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b. Our results show that the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b serve as a regulator for its repressor function, and they provide insights into how FoxM1b inhibits differentiation genes and activates proliferation genes during cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishit K. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Vaibhav Chand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Akshay Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Dragana Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Janai R. Carr
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiubei Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL-60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Badr E, Masoud E, Abdou AG, Eldien MS. BCL6 mRNA Expression Level in Invasive Duct Carcinoma not otherwise Specified. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:XC01-XC04. [PMID: 28208987 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22796.8985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B-Cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) has an oncogenic role in tumourigenesis of various malignancies. It represses genes involved in terminal differentiation and plays complementary role with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in triple-negative breast cancer cellular function. AIM To evaluate the expression of BCL6 in cancer breast and determine its correlation with the clinico-pathological features including the molecular subtype of breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective case control study was carried out on 150 patients, divided into 100 cases of invasive duct carcinoma not otherwise specified and 50 benign breast lesions including fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease. Fresh tissues were excised, which were then subjected to RNA extraction. The BCL6 mRNA level was assessed using real-time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS There was a significant higher levels of BCL6 mRNA in malignant cases compared to benign ones (p<0.001). The level of BCL6 mRNA was higher in cases showing advanced tumor stage (p<0.04), triple negative subtype and associated in situ component (p<0.001) compared to cases with an early stage, luminal or Her 2-neu positive subtypes and those lacking in situ component. CONCLUSION BCL6 is up-regulated in breast cancer and is associated with poor prognostic features such as advanced stage and triple negative molecular subtype. BCL6 inhibitors might be considered as targeted therapy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Badr
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shebein Elkom , Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Masoud
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Shebein Elkom , Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prognostic Values of Vimentin Expression and Its Clinicopathological Significance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies with 4118 Cases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163162. [PMID: 27657690 PMCID: PMC5033348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vimentin is a member of the intermediate filament proteins and a canonical marker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is pivotal in tumorigenesis, metastasis and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between vimentin and prognosis and progression in NSCLC. METHODS Databases with literature published in English, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS and Google Scholar, and the CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang databases in Chinese were used for the literature search. The key terms included (1) 'vimentin' OR 'vim' OR 'vmt' OR 'vm' OR 'hel113' OR 'ctrct30' and (2) 'pulmon*' OR 'lung' OR 'alveolar' and (3) 'cancer' OR 'carcinoma' OR 'tumor' OR 'adenocarcinoma' OR 'squamous' OR 'neoplas*' OR 'malignan*'. The data were combined by random effect model and the H value and I2 were used to assess the heterogeneity. All the meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0. RESULTS Thirty-two qualified studies (4118 cases) were included in the current meta-analysis. Twelve studies with 1750 patients were included to assess the significance of vimentin in the overall survival (OS) of NSCLC; the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was 1.831 (confidence interval (CI): 1.315-2.550, P<0.001) in the univariate analysis and 1.266 (CI: 0.906-1.768, P = 0.167) in the multivariate analysis. Four studies with 988 cases were applicable to determine the significance of vimentin in the disease-free survival (DFS) of NSCLC; the pooled HR of the DFS was 1.224 (CI: 0.921-1.628, P = 0.164) in the univariate analysis and 1.254 (CI: 0.985-1.956, P = 0.067) in the multivariate analysis. Regarding the relationships between vimentin and clinicopathological factors, the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 3406 NSCLCs indicated that up-regulated vimentin was associated with smoking (OR = 1.359, CI: 1.098-1.683, P = 0.004), poor differentiation (OR = 2.133, CI: 1.664-2.735, P<0.001), an advanced TNM stage (OR = 3.275, CI: 1.987-5.397, P<0.001), vascular invasion (OR = 3.492, CI: 1.063-11.472, P = 0.039), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.628, CI: 1.857-3.718, P<0.001), recurrence (OR = 1.631, CI: 1.052-2.528, P = 0.029) and pleural invasion (OR = 2.346, CI: 1.397-3.941, P = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between vimentin and age, gender, diameter, T stage, distant metastasis, or marginal invasion (P>0.05). CONCLUSION An overexpression of vimentin may predict the progression and an unfavorable survival of NSCLC. Vimentin may represent a helpful biomarker and a potential target for the treatment strategies of NSCLC. Additional, prospective studies with large samples are necessary to confirm the significance of vimentin in NSCLC.
Collapse
|