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Modanwal S, Mishra A, Mishra N. An integrative analysis of GEO data to identify possible therapeutic biomarkers of prostate cancer and targeting potential protein through Zea mays phytochemicals by virtual screening approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-21. [PMID: 38217083 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a prevalent type of cancer among men. Delaying the treatment of patients with upgraded or upstaged cancer may lead to unmanageable circumstances. The aim of this study is to contribute to the finding of biomarkers that are specific to PC and identify drug candidates derived from plants. The information about cancer is critical for clinicians to make decisions about patient treatment in the era of precision medicine. Advances in genomics technology have opened up new possibilities for identifying genes that are associated with cancer, including PC. This study identifies novel differentially expressed genes for PC. The seven PC microarray datasets were selected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found based on a fold change of |logFC| ≥ 1 and an adjusted p-value of <0.05. The DEGs were further studied using several bioinformatics tools, including STRING, CytoHubba, SRplot, Coremine Medical database, FunRich and GeneMANIA, cBioPortal. The six new potential biomarkers, GAGE2A, GAGE12G, GAGE2E, GAGE13, GAGE12F and CSAG1 were identified. These biomarkers are associated with biological processes (BPs) such as cell division, and gene expression regulation, so these genes may have a crucial role in PC progression and may serve as potential biomarkers for PC. A total of 497 phytochemicals from corn plants have been screened against the target protein and found LTS0176591 as the best lead molecule with docking score of -6.31 kcal/mol. Further, molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), molecular dynamics simulation, principal component analysis (PCA), free energy landscape (FEL) and molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) were carried out to validate the findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Modanwal
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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2
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Yang F, Zhao Z, Cai S, Ling L, Hong L, Tao L, Wang Q. Detailed Molecular Mechanism and Potential Drugs for COL1A1 in Carboplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:576565. [PMID: 33680916 PMCID: PMC7928381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer (OV) is a major medical problem. Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with carboplatin-resistant OV. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gene COL1A1 (collagen type I alpha 1 chain) has an important role in chemoresistance and could be a therapeutic target. However, there have been no reports about the role of COL1A1 in carboplatin-resistant OV. This study aimed to establish the detailed molecular mechanism of COL1A1 and predict potential drugs for its treatment. We found that COL1A1 had a pivotal role in carboplatin resistance in OV by weighted gene correlation network analysis and survival analysis. Moreover, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA network (LINC00052/SMCR5-miR-98-COL1A1) based on multi-omics data and experiments to explore the upstream regulatory mechanisms of COL1A1. Two key pathways involving COL1A1 in carboplatin resistance were identified by co-expression analysis and pathway enrichment: the "ECM-receptor interaction" and "focal adhesion" Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, combining these results with those of cell viability assays, we proposed that ZINC000085537017 and quercetin were potential drugs for COL1A1 based on virtual screening and the TCMSP database, respectively. These results might help to improve the outcome of OV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Cai
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leying Hong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chandra S, Srinivasan S, Batra J. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta: A perspective in cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1791-1804. [PMID: 33580750 PMCID: PMC7940219 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1 β/B) exists as a homeobox transcription factor having a vital role in the embryonic development of organs mainly liver, kidney and pancreas. Initially described as a gene causing maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY), HNF1β expression deregulation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in HNF1β have now been associated with several tumours including endometrial, prostate, ovarian, hepatocellular, renal and colorectal cancers. Its function has been studied either as homodimer or heterodimer with HNF1α. In this review, the role of HNF1B in different cancers will be discussed along with the role of its splice variants, and its emerging role as a potential biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Chandra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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4
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Chhatriya B, Mukherjee M, Ray S, Sarkar P, Chatterjee S, Nath D, Das K, Goswami S. Comparison of tumour and serum specific microRNA changes dissecting their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1175. [PMID: 31795960 PMCID: PMC6891989 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered as one of the most aggressive cancers lacking efficient early detection biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs are now being considered to have potency to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different diseases as well as cancers. In case of cancer, a fraction of the circulating miRNAs is actually derived from the tumour tissue. This fraction would function as stable biomarker for the disease and also would contribute to the understanding of the disease development. There are not many studies exploring this aspect in pancreatic cancer and even there is not much overlap of results between existing studies. Methods In order to address that gap, we performed a miRNA microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed circulating miRNAs between PDAC patients and normal healthy individuals and also found two more similar datasets to perform a meta-analysis using a total of 182 PDAC patients and 170 normal, identifying a set of miRNAs significantly altered in patient serum. Next, we found five datasets studying miRNA expression profile in tumour tissues of PDAC patients as compared to normal pancreas and performed a second meta-analysis using data from a total of 183 pancreatic tumour and 47 normal pancreas to detect significantly deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic carcinoma. Comparison of these two lists and subsequent search for their target genes which were also deregulated in PDAC in inverse direction to miRNAs was done followed by investigation of their role in disease development. Results We identified 21 miRNAs altered in both pancreatic tumour tissue and serum. While deciphering the functions of their target genes, we characterized key miR-Gene interactions perturbing the biological pathways. We identified important cancer related pathways, pancreas specific pathways, AGE-RAGE signaling, prolactin signaling and insulin resistance signaling pathways among the most affected ones. We also reported the possible involvement of crucial transcription factors in the process. Conclusions Our study identified a unique meta-signature of 21 miRNAs capable of explaining pancreatic carcinogenesis and possibly holding the potential to act as biomarker for the disease detection which could be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moumita Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanta Ray
- School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyali Sarkar
- Present Address: Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debashis Nath
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Kshaunish Das
- School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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Lu Y, Xu D, Peng J, Luo Z, Chen C, Chen Y, Chen H, Zheng M, Yin P, Wang Z. HNF1A inhibition induces the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by targeting ABCB1. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:403-418. [PMID: 31103629 PMCID: PMC6606897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, and gemcitabine-based chemotherapy remains an effective option for the majority of PDAC patients. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A) is a tumor-suppressor in PDAC, but its role in gemcitabine chemoresistance of PDAC has not been clarified. METHODS The function of HNF1A in gemcitabine was detected by overexpression and knockdown of HNF1A in vitro and in vitro. The regulatory network between HNF1A and ABCB1 was further demonstrated by luciferase assays, deletion/mutation reporter construct assays and CHIP assays. FINDINGS Here, we found that HNF1A expression is significantly associated with gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, we identified that HNF1A overexpression enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity of PDAC both in vitro and in vitro, while inhibition of HNF1A had the opposite effect. Furthermore, by inhibiting and overexpressing HNF1A, we revealed that HNF1A regulates the expression of MDR genes (ABCB1 and ABCC1) in PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that HNF1A regulates ABCB1 expression through binding to its specific promoter region and suppressing its transcription levels. Finally, the survival analyses revealed the clinical value of HNF1A in stratification of gemcitabine sensitive pancreatic cancer patients. INTERPRETATION Our study paved the road for finding novel treatment combinations using conventional cytotoxic agents with functional restoration of the HNF1A protein, individualized treatment through HNF1A staining and improvement of the prognosis of PDAC patients. FUND: National Natural Science Foundations of China and National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Dongni Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jintao Peng
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chujie Chen
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huimou Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Peihong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Lopes‐Coelho F, Silva F, Hipólito A, Cardoso BA, Serpa J. Acetylation drives hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β stability by blocking proteasome‐mediated degradation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9337-9344. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes‐Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria Lisboa Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) Lisboa Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria Lisboa Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria Lisboa Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) Lisboa Portugal
| | - Bruno A. Cardoso
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria Lisboa Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) Lisboa Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria Lisboa Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) Lisboa Portugal
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Yokoi A, Matsumoto T, Watanabe G, Tochimoto M, Saegusa M. Immunophenotypic profile as a predictor of prognosis in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 85:210-220. [PMID: 30448218 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although proteomic profiles for ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OECa) have been widely investigated, no single marker or set of predictors has been clinically implemented mainly because their reliability and validity have not yet been well established. To establish immunohistochemical (IHC) panels for prognosis prediction of OECa for use in daily pathology practice, the expression patterns of 12 IHC markers, p53, HNF-1β, ARID1A, estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, vimentin, PTEN, PIK3CA, WT1, left-right determination factor, β-catenin, and Ki-67 were investigated using 282 OECas. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed 7 major immunoprofile groups (IPGs I-VII) that could be used to categorize OECa tumors independent of histotypes. Based on the results of the cluster analysis and protein expression statuses, we further demonstrated the effective classification of OECa tumors into simplified immunoprofile panels using only 4 IHC markers including HNF-1β, p53, ARID1A, and WT1. The tumors in IPG VII with HNF1β+/p53+/ARID1A+ immunophenotype demonstrated a significantly worse overall survival and progression-free survival as compared with the other IPGs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that the immunophenotype (HNF1β+/p53+/ARID1A+) and clinical stage were significant and independent prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival in advanced OECa. In conclusion, we identified immunoprofiles in OECa using a panel of 4 IHC markers, which could identify tumors by the immunophenotype that is associated with the most unfavorable prognosis and thus facilitate prognosis prediction of advanced OECa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Yokoi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Biophysics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Masataka Tochimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
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8
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Rougemont AL, Tille JC. Role of HNF1β in the differential diagnosis of yolk sac tumor from other germ cell tumors. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:26-36. [PMID: 29753846 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the yolk sac tumor (YST) component in germ cell tumors (GCT) may prove challenging, and highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical markers are still lacking. Preliminary data from the literature suggest that HNF1β may represent a sensitive marker of YST. The specificity of HNF1β has not been addressed in GCT. A cohort of 49 YST specimens from 45 patients was designed, occurring either as pure tumors, or as a component of a mixed GCT. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on whole tumor sections using HNF1β. SALL4, OCT4, CD30, CDX2, Cytokeratin 19, Glypican 3, and GATA3 were used for classification of the GCT components. Patients were mostly male (39/45), aged 14 months to 49 years, with primary testicular tumors (37/39), or primary mediastinal pure YSTs (2/39). All 6 primary tumors occurring in females (6/45) were pure ovarian YSTs; age range was 4 to 72 years. HNF1β nuclear reactivity was seen in the YST component in all 49 tumors, with a moderate to strong nuclear pattern of staining. Embryonal carcinoma (EC, 0/32) and seminoma (0/6) were negative. Choriocarcinoma (6/6) showed faint focal cytoplasmic reactivity to HNF1β but no nuclear staining. In teratomas, only enteric-type glands showed nuclear reactivity to HNF1β (11/16). Therefore, HNF1β sensitivity in YST component identification was 100% and specificity was 80%. Thus, in our experience, HNF1β is a sensitive and reliable marker of the YST component in GCT, and allows distinction of YST from intricately admixed EC, especially in the diffuse embryoma pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Rougemont
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Christophe Tille
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Functional Analysis of Promoters from Three Subtypes of the PI3K Family and Their Roles in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Insulin in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010265. [PMID: 29337882 PMCID: PMC5796211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the length of 360, 1848 and 367 bp sequences of promoters from three subtypes of PI3K family (PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3) of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were cloned and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 had different structures in their core promoter regions. The promoter regions of PI3KCa and PI3KC2b had CpG islands but no CAAT and TATA box. In contrast, the promoter of PI3KC3 had the canonical TATA and CAAT box but no CpG island. The binding sites of several transcription factors, such as HNF1, STAT and NF-κB, were predicted on PI3KCa promoter. The binding sites of transcription factors, such as FOXO1, PPAR-RXR, STAT, IK1, HNF6 and HNF3, were predicted on PI3KC2b promoter and the binding sites of FOXO1 and STAT transcription factors were predicted on PI3KC3 promoter. Deletion analysis indicated that these transcriptional factors were the potential regulators to mediate the activities of their promoters. Subsequent mutation analysis and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that HNF1 and IK1 directly bound with PI3KCa and PI3KC2b promoters and negatively regulated the activities of PI3KCa and PI3KC2b promoters, respectively. Conversely, FOXO1 directly bound with the PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 promoters and positively regulated their promoter activities. In addition, AS1842856 (AS, a potential FOXO1 inhibitor) incubation significantly reduced the relative luciferase activities of several plasmids of PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 but did not significantly influence the relative luciferase activities of the PI3KCa plasmids. Moreover, by using primary hepatocytes from yellow catfish, AS incubation significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 and reduced triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation and insulin-induced TG accumulation, as well as the activities and the mRNA levels of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study offers new insights into the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of PI3Ks and for PI3Ks-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism by insulin in fish.
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Ding Y, Yang DZ, Zhai YN, Xue K, Xu F, Gu XY, Wang SM. Microarray expression profiling of long non-coding RNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2523-2530. [PMID: 28781691 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be important in human cancer, their potential regulatory roles in epithelial tumorigenesis and tumor progression in ovarian cancer remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (DE) in epithelial ovarian cancer and to explore their potential functions. The lncRNA profiles in five pairs of human epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues were described using microarrays. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that 672 upregulated and 549 downregulated (fold-change ≥2.0) lncRNAs were DE between the cancerous and normal tissues. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the microarray results using four upregulated (RP11-1C1.7, XLOC_003286, growth arrest-specific 5 and ZNF295-AS1) and four downregulated (protein tyrosine kinase 7, maternally expressed gene 3, AC079776.2 and ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0 pseudogene 2) lncRNAs. Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway analyses were used to carry out functional analyses of the candidate genes of DE lncRNAs. The results identified lncRNAs with significantly altered expression profiles in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells compared with those in adjacent normal cells. These data offer new insights into the occurrence and development of epithelial ovarian cancer, and these lncRNAs may provide novel molecular biomarkers for further research on epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Da-Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Su-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Endoscopic Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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11
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Tarnowski M, Malinowski D, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. HNF1B, TSPAN8 and NOTCH2 gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:837-842. [PMID: 28274157 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1297793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate genes involved in pancreatic beta cell function, insulin production and glucose metabolism that may predispose to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS The study group consisted of 204 women with GDM and 207 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The following polymorphisms were genotyped for each patient: HNF1B rs4430796, TSPAN8 rs7961581 and NOTCH2 rs10923931. A p value of <.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant result. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of HNF1B rs4430796 G allele among pregnant women with GDM (GG+AG versus AA, OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.36, p = .042; G versus A, OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.83, p = .018), whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of TSPAN8 rs7961581 and NOTCH2 rs10923931 genotypes and alleles between women with GDM and healthy pregnant women. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, higher BMI before pregnancy and a higher number of HNF1B rs4430796 G alleles were independent significant predictors of a higher risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the HNF1B gene rs4430796 G allele may be associated with increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Damian Malinowski
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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12
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Vorvis C, Hatziapostolou M, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Koutsioumpa M, Williams J, Donahue TR, Poultsides GA, Eibl G, Iliopoulos D. Transcriptomic and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies reveal FOXA2 as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1124-37. [PMID: 27151939 PMCID: PMC5005285 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00035.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with low survival rates and limited therapeutic options. Thus elucidation of signaling pathways involved in PDAC pathogenesis is essential for identifying novel potential therapeutic gene targets. Here, we used a systems approach to elucidate those pathways by integrating gene and microRNA profiling analyses together with CRISPR/Cas9 technology to identify novel transcription factors involved in PDAC pathogenesis. FOXA2 transcription factor was found to be significantly downregulated in PDAC relative to control pancreatic tissues. Functional experiments revealed that FOXA2 has a tumor suppressor function through inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and colony formation. In situ hybridization analysis revealed miR-199a to be significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bioinformatics and luciferase analyses showed that miR-199a negatively but directly regulates FOXA2 expression through binding in its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Evaluation of the functional importance of miR-199a on pancreatic cancer revealed that miR-199a acts as an inhibitor of FOXA2 expression, inducing an increase in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, gene ontology and network analyses in PANC-1 cells treated with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against FOXA2 revealed an enrichment for cell invasion mechanisms through PLAUR and ERK activation. FOXA2 deletion (FOXA2Δ) by using two CRISPR/Cas9 vectors in PANC-1 cells induced tumor growth in vivo resulting in upregulation of PLAUR and ERK pathways in FOXA2Δ xenograft tumors. We have identified FOXA2 as a novel tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer and it is regulated directly by miR-199a, thereby enhancing our understanding of how microRNAs interplay with the transcription factors to affect pancreatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vorvis
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Maria Hatziapostolou
- 2Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Jennifer Williams
- 3Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Timothy R. Donahue
- 3Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - George A. Poultsides
- 4Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Guido Eibl
- 3Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California;
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13
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Abstract
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database is an international public repository that archives and freely distributes high-throughput gene expression and other functional genomics data sets. Created in 2000 as a worldwide resource for gene expression studies, GEO has evolved with rapidly changing technologies and now accepts high-throughput data for many other data applications, including those that examine genome methylation, chromatin structure, and genome-protein interactions. GEO supports community-derived reporting standards that specify provision of several critical study elements including raw data, processed data, and descriptive metadata. The database not only provides access to data for tens of thousands of studies, but also offers various Web-based tools and strategies that enable users to locate data relevant to their specific interests, as well as to visualize and analyze the data. This chapter includes detailed descriptions of methods to query and download GEO data and use the analysis and visualization tools. The GEO homepage is at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.
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14
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Liu X, Zou J, Su J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li L, Yin F. Downregulation of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 contributes to drug resistance and high histological grade in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:243-52. [PMID: 26647723 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 (TRPC1) participates in many physiological functions but has also been implicated in cancer development. However, little is known about the role of TRPC1 in ovarian cancer (OC), including the drug resistance of these tumors. In the present study, a significant and consistent downregulation of TRPC1 in drug-resistant OC tissues/cells was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and the microarrays deposited in Oncomine and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) profiles. Protein/gene-protein/gene and protein-chemical interactions indicated that TRPC1 interacts with 14 proteins/genes and 6 chemicals, all of which are involved in the regulation of drug resistance in OC. Biological process annotation of TRPC1, OC, and drug resistance indicated a role for TRPC1 in drug-resistance-related functions in OC, mainly via the cell cycle, gene expression and cell growth and cell death. Analysis of mRNA-microRNA interactions showed that 8 out of 11 major pathways enriched from 38 predominant microRNAs targeting TRPC1 were involved in the regulation of drug resistance in OC, and 8 out of these top 10 microRNAs were implicated in the drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers. In a clinical analysis using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) cohort on 341 OC patients, TRPC1 expression was found to differ significantly between grade 2 and grade 3 tumors, with low-level expression correlating with higher tumor grade. This is the first report to show a potential association between the downregulation of TRPC1 and both drug resistance and high histological tumor grade in OC. Our results provide the basis for further investigations of the drug-resistance-related functions of TRPC1 in OC and other forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Su
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Yin
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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15
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Yu DD, Guo SW, Jing YY, Dong YL, Wei LX. A review on hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta and tumor. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:58. [PMID: 26464794 PMCID: PMC4603907 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF1β) was initially identified as a liver-specific transcription factor. It is a homeobox transcription factor that functions as a homodimer or heterodimer with HNF1α. HNF1β plays an important role in organogenesis during embryonic stage, especially of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Mutations in the HNF1β gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5), renal cysts, genital malformations, and pancreas atrophy. Recently, it has been shown that the expression of HNF1β is associated with cancer risk in several tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer. HNF1β also regulates the expression of genes associated with stem/progenitor cells, which indicates that HNF1β may play an important role in stem cell regulation. In this review, we discuss some of the current developments about HNF1β and tumor, the relationship between HNF1β and stem/progenitor cells, and the potential pathogenesis of HNF1β in various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wei Guo
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Dong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
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Yu DD, Jing YY, Guo SW, Ye F, Lu W, Li Q, Dong YL, Gao L, Yang YT, Yang Y, Wu MC, Wei LX. Overexpression Of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1beta Predicting Poor Prognosis Is Associated With Biliary Phenotype In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13319. [PMID: 26311117 PMCID: PMC4550878 DOI: 10.1038/srep13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1B) is involved in the hepatobiliary specification of hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes during liver development, and is strongly expressed throughout adult biliary epithelium. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HNF-1B in different pathologic subtypes of primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and the relationship between HNF-1B expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis. We retrospectively investigated 2 cohorts of patients, including 183 HCCs and 69 ICCs. The expression of HNF-1B was examined by immunohistochemistry. We found that HNF-1B expression was associated with pathological subtype of primary tumor, and HNF-1B expression in HCC tissue may be associated with the change of phenotype on recurrence. The HNF-1B expression was positively correlated with biliary/HPC (hepatic progenitor cell) markers expression. Further, multivariable analysis showed that HNF-1B expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients. However, no correlation between HNF-1B expression and survival was found in ICC patients. In summary, HCC with high HNF-1B expression displayed biliary phenotype and tended to show poorer prognosis. HNF-1B-positive malignant cells could be bipotential cells and give rise to both hepatocytic and cholangiocytic lineages during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wei Guo
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Dong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Mandato VD, Farnetti E, Torricelli F, Abrate M, Casali B, Ciarlini G, Pirillo D, Gelli MC, Nicoli D, Grassi M, LA Sala GB, Palomba S. HNF1B polymorphism influences the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients: a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:229. [PMID: 25885815 PMCID: PMC4403886 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNF1B (formerly known as TCF2) gene encodes for a transcription factor that regulates gene expression involved in normal mesodermal and endodermal developments. A close association between rs4430796 polymorphism of HNF1B gene and decreased endometrial cancer (EC) risk has been demonstrated. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that rs4430796 polymorphism can influence the prognosis of EC patients. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. Clinical and pathological data were extrapolated and genotypes were assessed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded non-tumour tissues. The influence of patients' genotype on overall survival and progression free survival were our main outcome measures. RESULTS A total of 191 EC patients were included in the final analysis. Overall survival differed significantly (P = 0.003) among genotypes. At multivariate analysis, a significant (P < 0.05) effect on overall survival was detected for FIGO stage, and rs4430796 polymorphism of HNF1B gene. After grouping EC patients according to adjuvant treatment, rs4430796 polymorphism resulted significantly (P < 0.001) related to overall survival only in subjects who received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy. A significant (P = 0.014) interaction between rs4430796 polymorphism and chemo-radiotherapy was also detected. Finally, only a trend (P = 0.090) towards significance was observed for rs4430796 polymorphism effect on progression free survival. CONCLUSIONS rs4430796 polymorphism of HNF1B gene influences independently the prognosis of EC patients with a potential effect on tumor chemo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dario Mandato
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Martino Abrate
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Bruno Casali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gino Ciarlini
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Debora Pirillo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | | | - Davide Nicoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, Medical and Genomics Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Battista LA Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Palomba
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Rionero in Vulture (Potenza), Potenza, Italy.
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