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Adesoye T, Tripathy D, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Exploring Novel Frontiers: Leveraging STAT3 Signaling for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:492. [PMID: 38339245 PMCID: PMC10854592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a significant role in diverse physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival. STAT3 activation via phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine residues is a complex and tightly regulated process initiated by upstream signaling pathways with ligand binding to receptor and non-receptor-linked kinases. Through downstream deregulation of target genes, aberrations in STAT3 activation are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence in multiple cancers. While there have been extensive efforts to develop direct and indirect STAT3 inhibitors using novel drugs as a therapeutic strategy, direct clinical application remains in evolution. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of STAT3 activation, the resulting downstream effects in physiologic and malignant settings, and therapeutic strategies for targeting STAT3. We also summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of novel drug therapies targeting STAT3 and discuss the challenges of establishing their therapeutic efficacy in the current clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Adesoye
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Debasish Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Su J, Lin J, Liu L, Wu J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Su ZJ, Xu G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang W. Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo formula promotes autophagy and alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by controlling the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116633. [PMID: 37207878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo (FZTL) formula is a Chinese herbal prescription which is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously reported that the FZTL formula could improve IPF injury in rats; however, the mechanism remains unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the FZTL formula on IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model and transforming growth factor-β-induced lung fibroblast model were used. Histological changes and fibrosis formation were detected in the rat model after treatment with the FZTL formula. Furthermore, the effects of the FZTL formula on autophagy and lung fibroblast activation were determined. Moreover, the mechanism of FZTL was explored using transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS We observed that FZTL alleviated IPF injury in rats and inhibited inflammatory responses and fibrosis formation in rats. Moreover, it promoted autophagy and inhibited lung fibroblast activation in vitro. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that FZTL regulates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT) signaling pathway. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling activator interleukin 6 inhibited the anti-fibroblast activation effect of the FZTL formula. Combined treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) and autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) did not enhance the antifibrotic effect of FZTL. CONCLUSIONS The FZTL formula can inhibit IPF injury and lung fibroblast activation. Its effects are mediated via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The FZTL formula may be a potential complementary therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lujiong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Diseases, YueYang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zi Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guihua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yile Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Wang H, Man Q, Huo F, Gao X, Lin H, Li S, Wang J, Su F, Cai, L, Shi Y, Liu, B, Bu L. STAT3 pathway in cancers: Past, present, and future. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e124. [PMID: 35356799 PMCID: PMC8942302 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family, discovered in the cytoplasm of almost all types of mammalian cells, plays a significant role in biological functions. The duration of STAT3 activation in normal tissues is a transient event and is strictly regulated. However, in cancer tissues, STAT3 is activated in an aberrant manner and is induced by certain cytokines. The continuous activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of downstream proteins associated with the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancers. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of STAT3 regulation and designing inhibitors targeting the STAT3 pathway are considered promising strategies for cancer treatment. This review aims to introduce the history, research advances, and prospects concerning the STAT3 pathway in cancer. We review the mechanisms of STAT3 pathway regulation and the consequent cancer hallmarks associated with tumor biology that are induced by the STAT3 pathway. Moreover, we summarize the emerging development of inhibitors that target the STAT3 pathway and novel drug delivery systems for delivering these inhibitors. The barriers against targeting the STAT3 pathway, the focus of future research on promising targets in the STAT3 pathway, and our perspective on the overall utility of STAT3 pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Qi‐Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Fang‐Yi Huo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hao Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Su‐Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Fu‐Chuan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lulu Cai,
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Bing Liu,
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lin‐Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng YG, Wang JA, Meng L, Pei X, Zhang L, An L, Li CL, Miao YL. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation of 3-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potent JAK 2/3 and aurora A/B kinases multi-targeted inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112934. [PMID: 33109396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 3-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities. Upon performing kinase assays, most of the compounds exhibited potent inhibition against JAK2/3 and Aurora A/B with the IC50 values ranging from 0.008 to 2.52 μM. Among these derivatives, compound 10e expressed the most moderate inhibiting activities against all the four kinases with the IC50 values of 0.166 μM (JAK2), 0.057 μM (JAK3), 0.939 μM (Aurora A), and 0.583 μM (Aurora B), respectively. Moreover, most of the derived compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562 and human colon cancer cells HCT116, while compound 10e expressed antiproliferative activities against K562 (IC50=6.726 μM). According to western blot analysis, compound 10e down-regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3, STAT5, Aurora A, and Aurora B in a dose-dependent manner in K562 and HCT116 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that compound 10e inhibited the proliferation of cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. The molecular modeling suggested that compound 10e could maintain a binding mode similar to the binding mode of AT9832, a common JAK 2/3 and Aurora A/B kinases multi-target kinase inhibitor. Therefore, compound 10e might be a potential agent for cancer therapy deserving further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Guang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China.
| | - Jin-An Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Long Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Xin Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Lin An
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Ying-Long Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Song M, Yoon G, Choi JS, Kim E, Liu X, Oh HN, Chae JI, Lee MH, Shim JH. Janus kinase 2 inhibition by Licochalcone B suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2032-2043. [PMID: 32144852 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the leading causes to cancer death in the worldwide and major population of EC is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Still, ESCC-targeted therapy has not been covered yet. In the present study we have identified that Licochalcone B (Lico B) inhibited the ESCC growth by directly blocking the Janus kinase (JAK) 2 activity and its downstream signaling pathway. Lico B suppressed KYSE450 and KYSE510 ESCC cell growth, arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Direct target of Lico B was identified by kinase assay and verified with in vitro and ex vivo binding. Computational docking model predicted for Lico B interaction to ATP-binding pocket of JAK2. Furthermore, treatment of JAK2 clinical medicine AZD1480 to ESCC cells showed similar tendency with Lico B. Thus, JAK2 downstream signaling proteins phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and S727 as well as STAT3 target protein Mcl-1 expression was decreased with treatment of Lico B. Our results suggest that Lico B inhibits ESCC cell growth, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis, revealing the underlying mechanism involved in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways after Lico B treatment. It might provide potential role of Lico B in the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, BK21 Plus, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 85 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
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Shan H, Yao S, Ye Y, Yu Q. 3-Deoxy-2β,16-dihydroxynagilactone E, a natural compound from Podocarpus nagi, preferentially inhibits JAK2/STAT3 signaling by allosterically interacting with the regulatory domain of JAK2 and induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1578-1586. [PMID: 31201357 PMCID: PMC7471446 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, especially the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, play vital roles in the development of many malignancies. Overactivation of STAT3 promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation. Therefore, the JAK2/STAT3-signaling pathway has been considered a promising target for cancer therapy. In this study, we identified a natural compound 3-deoxy-2β,16-dihydroxynagilactone E (B6) from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Podocarpus nagi as a potent inhibitor of STAT3 signaling. B6 preferentially inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 by interacting with and inactivating JAK2, the main upstream kinase of STAT3. B6 dose-dependently inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 signaling with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. In contrast to other JAK2 inhibitors, B6 did not interact with the catalytic domain but instead with the FERM-SH2 domain of JAK2. This interaction was JAK-specific since B6 had little effect on other tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, B6 potently inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells with overactivated STAT3. Taken together, our study uncovers a novel compound and a novel mechanism for the regulation of JAK2 and offers a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancers with overactivated JAK2/STAT3.
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Marrocco I, Altieri F, Rubini E, Paglia G, Chichiarelli S, Giamogante F, Macone A, Perugia G, Magliocca FM, Gurtner A, Maras B, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Manganaro R, Eufemi M. Shmt2: A Stat3 Signaling New Player in Prostate Cancer Energy Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091048. [PMID: 31500219 PMCID: PMC6770108 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the aberrant activity of different regulatory pathways. STAT3 protein mediates some of these pathways and its activation is implicated in the modulation of several metabolic enzymes. A bioinformatic analysis indicated a STAT3 binding site in the upstream region of SHMT2 gene. We demonstrated that in LNCaP, PCa cells’ SHMT2 expression is upregulated by the JAK2/STAT3 canonical pathway upon IL-6 stimulation. Activation of SHTM2 leads to a decrease in serine levels, pushing PKM2 towards the nuclear compartment where it can activate STAT3 in a non-canonical fashion that in turn promotes a transient shift toward anaerobic metabolism. These results were also confirmed on FFPE prostate tissue sections at different Gleason scores. STAT3/SHMT2/PKM2 loop in LNCaP cells can modulate a metabolic shift in response to inflammation at early stages of cancer progression, whereas a non-canonical STAT3 activation involving the STAT3/HIF-1α/PKM2 loop is responsible for the maintenance of Warburg effect distinctive of more aggressive PCa cells. Chronic inflammation might thus prime the transition of PCa cells towards more advanced stages, and SHMT2 could represent a missing factor to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the transition of prostate cancer towards a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Perugia
- Department of Maternal Child and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le Dell'Università 33, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Massimo Magliocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Tan ZB, Fan HJ, Wu YT, Xie LP, Bi YM, Xu HL, Chen HM, Li J, Liu B, Zhou YC. Rheum palmatum extract exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:62-72. [PMID: 30553869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), with abnormal expression and constitutive activation, has been reported to promote proliferation, metastasis, survival and angiogenesis of HCC cells. Rheum palmatum (RP), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, exhibited tumor-suppressing effects in multiple human cancers, but its potential functions in HCC remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in the anti-HCC effects of RP extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS SMMC-7721 and HepG2 HCC cell lines were treated with RP extract for 24 h, and then viability, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were analyzed using MTS, wound-healing, Transwell invasion and tube formation assays, respectively. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the activation of key molecules in STAT3 signaling, including STAT3, JAK2, and Src. Additionally, we explored the in vivo antitumor effects of RP extract in a xenograft tumor nude mouse model of HCC. RESULTS The result showed that RP extract reduced viability, migration, and invasion of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells and angiogenesis of HUVECs. It suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its upstream kinases including JAK2 and Src. In addition, RP extract treatment downregulated STAT3 target genes, including survivin, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, Cyclin D1, CDK4, c-Myc, and VEGF-C. Furthermore, RP extract suppressed the xenograft tumor growth and activation of STAT3 in xenograft tumor mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results showed that RP extract prevented HCC progression by inhibiting STAT3, and might be useful for the treatment of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Rheum
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Wound Healing/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Bin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hui-Jie Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ling-Peng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Liu W, Wu J, Yue X, Wang J, Quan L, Liu H, Guo L, Wang Z, Lian X, Zhang Q. Ganoderic acid A exerts antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6515-6521. [PMID: 30405790 PMCID: PMC6202552 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor among females, with triple-negative breast cancer being an important type accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer cases. Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer without standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Ganoderic acid A (GA-A) is one of the major bioactive Ganoderma triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma, which are recognized for their preventative and therapeutic effects. In the present study, the antineoplastic effect of GA-A on human breast cancer was investigated and the pro-apoptotic function of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 on the function of GA-A was revealed. GA-A treatment inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, GA-A exhibited significant antitumor activity by enhancing the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, GA-A was identified to directly inhibit JAK2 phosphorylation and STAT3 downstream activation. In addition, GA-A suppressed STAT3 target gene expression, including B cell lymphoma-extra-large and Myeloid cell leukemia 1, resulting in elevated levels of proteins associated with mitochondrial apoptosis in addition to inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase. GA-A, in combination with AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, further decreased MDA-MB-231 cell viability. In conclusion, GA-A treatment inhibited breast cancer cell viability via JAK2/STAT3 downregulation and may regulate associated targets to serve an anti-MDA-MB-231 role, including mitochondrial apoptosis and regulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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12
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Jiang H, Dong L, Gong F, Gu Y, Zhang H, Fan D, Sun Z. Inflammatory genes are novel prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:368-380. [PMID: 29693170 PMCID: PMC5979867 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory genes serve a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated tumors. However, as recent studies have mainly focused on the effects of single inflammatory genes on colorectal cancer (CRC), but not on the global interactions between genes, the underlying mechanisms between inflammatory genes and CRC remain unclear. In the current study, two inflammation-associated networks were constructed based on inflammatory genes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC vs. normal samples, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). These networks included an inflammation-related neighbor network (IRNN) and an inflammation-related DEG network (IRDN). Notably, the results indicated that the inflammatory genes served as important CRC-associated genes in the IRNN. Certain inflammatory genes were more likely to be network hubs and exhibited higher betweenness centralities, indicating that these inflammatory hub genes had central roles in the communication between genes in the IRNN. By contrast, in the IRDN, functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes were enriched in numerous cancer-associated functions and pathways. Subsequently, 14 genes in a module were identified in the IRDN as the potential biomarkers associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients in the GSE24550 dataset, the prognosis of which was further validated using three independent datasets (GSE24549, GSE34551 and GSE103479). All 14 genes (including BCAR1, CRK, FYN, GRB2, LCP2, PIK3R1, PLCG1, PTK2, PTPN11, PTPN6, SHC1, SOS1, SRC and SYK) in this module were inflammatory genes, emphasizing the critical role of inflammation in CRC. In conclusion, these findings based on integrated inflammation-associated networks provided a novel insight that may help elucidate the inflammation-mediated mechanisms involved in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Fangyan Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Henghun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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13
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Wang JY, Huang JC, Chen G, Wei DM. Expression level and potential target pathways of miR-1-3p in colorectal carcinoma based on 645 cases from 9 microarray datasets. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5013-5020. [PMID: 29393467 PMCID: PMC5865962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of demonstrating the clinical value and unraveling the molecular mechanisms of micro RNA (miR)-1-3p in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the present study collected expression and diagnostic data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ArrayExpress and existing literature to conduct meta-analyses and diagnostic tests. Furthermore, the potential targets of miR-1-3p were attained from datasets that transfected miR-1-3p into CRC cells, online prediction databases and differentially expressed genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and literature. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis was conducted based on the aforementioned selected target genes. As a result, downregulation of miR-1-3p was observed. The combined standardized mean difference was −0.51 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of −0.68 to −0.33 using a fixed effect model, which demonstrated a significant downregulation of miR-1-3p in CRC. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio diagnostic score and odds ratio were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.48, 0.90), 0.75 (95%CI: 0.35, 0.94), 2.94 (95%CI: 1.01, 8.55), 0.34 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.60), 2.15 (95%CI: 1.06, 3.23) and 8.57 (95%CI: 2.89, 25.36). The summarized receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the area under the curve was 0.81. In bioinformatics analyses based on 30 promising targets, the most enriched terms in Gene Ontology were positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, extracellular region and transcription factor binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis highlighted the pathway termed cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In protein-protein interaction analysis, platelet factor 4 was selected as the hub gene. To conclude, miR-1-3p is downregulated in CRC and likely suppresses CRC via multiple biological approaches, which indicates the diagnostic potential and tumor suppressive efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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14
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Effects of apigenin pretreatment against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1799-1808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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17
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Wang S, Zhang W. Genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and the risk of CRC. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6561-9. [PMID: 26638167 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 and the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway have previously been reported to be important in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and several studies have shown the relationship between the polymorphisms of related genes in this pathway with the risk of CRC. However, the findings of these related studies are inconsistent. Moreover, there has no systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and CRC susceptibility. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between polymorphisms in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway genes and CRC risk. Eighteen eligible studies with a total of 13,795 CRC cases and 18,043 controls were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases for the period up to September 15, 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of the association. Our results indicated that IL-6 genetic variants in allele additive model (OR = 1.05, 95 % CI = 1.00, 1.09) and JAK2 genetic variants (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI = 1.15, 1.65) in genotype recessive model were significantly associated with CRC risk. Moreover, the pooled data revealed that IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CRC in allele additive model in Europe (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.01, 1.14). In conclusion, the present findings indicate that IL-6 and JAK2 genetic variants are associated with the increased risk of CRC while STAT3 genetic variants not. We need more well-designed clinical studies covering more countries and population to definitively establish the association between genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and CRC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
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