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Tran NKS, Lee JH, Lee MJ, Park JY, Kang KS. Multitargeted Herbal Prescription So Shiho Tang: A Scoping Review on Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1371. [PMID: 37895842 PMCID: PMC10610176 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative medicines, especially herbal remedies, have been employed to treat infections and metabolism-related chronic inflammation because their safety and multidimensional therapeutic potential outweigh those of synthetic drugs. So Shiho Tang (SSHT), a well-known Oriental prescription (Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese) composed of seven herbs, is traditionally prescribed to treat various viral infections and chronic metabolic disorders in Asia with or without the support of other natural medicines. To provide a general background on how SSHT is used as a medicinal alternative, we conducted a scoping review using the PubMed database system. Among the 453 articles, 76 studies used aqueous extracts of SSHT alone. This result included seven clinical studies and 69 basic studies: cell-based, animal-based, and ex vivo studies. The in vitro and clinical reports mainly focus on hepatic infection and hepatocarcinoma, and the documentation of in vivo tests of SSHT presents a wide range of effects on cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, and several metabolic disorder symptoms. Additionally, among the seven clinical records, two reverse-effect case studies were reported in middle-aged patients. In brief, this systematic review provides general knowledge on the natural remedy SSHT and its potential in phytotherapeutic primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Khoi Song Tran
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (N.K.S.T.); (J.H.L.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (N.K.S.T.); (J.H.L.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Myong Jin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (N.K.S.T.); (J.H.L.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Jun Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (N.K.S.T.); (J.H.L.); (M.J.L.)
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Hegde M, Daimary UD, Girisa S, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Tumor cell anabolism and host tissue catabolism-energetic inefficiency during cancer cachexia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:713-733. [PMID: 35521962 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221087962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CC) is a pathological condition characterized by sarcopenia, adipose tissue depletion, and progressive weight loss. CC is driven by multiple factors such as anorexia, excessive catabolism, elevated energy expenditure by growing tumor mass, and inflammatory mediators released by cancer cells and surrounding tissues. In addition, endocrine system, systemic metabolism, and central nervous system (CNS) perturbations in combination with cachexia mediators elicit exponential elevation in catabolism and reduced anabolism in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and cardiac muscle. At the molecular level, mechanisms of CC include inflammation, reduced protein synthesis, and lipogenesis, elevated proteolysis and lipolysis along with aggravated toxicity and complications of chemotherapy. Furthermore, CC is remarkably associated with intolerance to anti-neoplastic therapy, poor prognosis, and increased mortality with no established standard therapy. In this context, we discuss the spatio-temporal changes occurring in the various stages of CC and highlight the imbalance of host metabolism. We provide how multiple factors such as proteasomal pathways, inflammatory mediators, lipid and protein catabolism, glucocorticoids, and in-depth mechanisms of interplay between inflammatory molecules and CNS can trigger and amplify the cachectic processes. Finally, we highlight current diagnostic approaches and promising therapeutic interventions for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Ohsawa M, Makino T, Takimoto Y, Inui A. Application of Kampo medicines for the palliation of cancer cachexia. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102188. [PMID: 34488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia results in the discontinuation of aggressive cancer therapy, and halting its progression has a significant effect on the survival rate and quality of life of patients with cancer. Currently, there are few therapies to control or slow down the progression of cancer cachexia. Although traditional Japanese Kampo medicine is widely used to support aggressive cancer therapy, the relevant scientific evidence is limited. Additionally, Kampo medicines are based on historical experience. In recent years, there have been widespread attempts to prove the efficacy of Kampo medicines through basic research, and an increasing number of studies have clarified the mechanism of action of Kampo medicines at the molecular level. It has been proposed that the improvement of cancer cachexia by Kampo medicines might involve enhancement of feeding via the central nervous system, improvement of protein maintenance in the skeletal muscle, and suppression of inflammatory cytokine production. In particular, among Kampo medicines, tonifying formulae, called "hozai" in Japanese, have been shown to be effective in alleviating cancer cachexia. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of basic and clinical research in Kampo medicines on cancer cachexia, and introduce Kampo medicines that are expected to be attractive supportive cancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohsawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takimoto
- Department of medical ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tkyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuraga-oka, Kagoshima, Japan
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Mataki H, Yasutomi M, Makino Y, Kunimura A, Fukuhara K, Takeda M, Kimata A, Hirayama S, Ozawa T, Shin T, Yoshioka T, Inoue N. Effectiveness of Saireito, a Traditional Japanese Kampo Herbal Medication, on Pacemaker-Related Pleural Effusion: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e931247. [PMID: 34455414 PMCID: PMC8409455 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.931247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 71-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Pacemaker related pleural effusion
Symptoms: Dry cough
Medication:—
Clinical Procedure: —
Specialty: Cardiology • General and Internal Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mataki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yasutomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuya Makino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kunimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Fukuhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Kimata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Hirayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Ozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Teruki Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Sohn E, Kim YJ, Jeong SJ. Korean traditional herbal formula Soshiho-tang attenuates memory impairment and neuronal damage in mice with amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100723. [PMID: 33898246 PMCID: PMC8059063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soshiho-tang (SST), also known as Xiaochaihu-tang in China and Sho-saiko-to in Japan, is an Oriental herbal formula traditionally used to treat febrile diseases. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the anti-cancer, anti-liver disease, and anti-inflammatory activities of SST. However, there is little evidence of its effects on neurological diseases. We previously reported the inhibitory effects of SST on in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activation and amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, which are crucial hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we report that SST has preventive effects on memory impairment and neuronal cell changes in an Aβ-induced AD-like mouse model. Methods Male mice underwent injection of Aβ aggregates and administered SST (500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg/day) for 20 days. Behavioral tests (passive avoidance task [PAT] and Morris water maze [MWM] test) were conducted. Lastly, brain sections were obtained from sacrificed mice for quantitative analysis. Results Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ aggregates significantly decreased the latency time in the PAT and MWM test compared to normal control. In contrast, SST administration markedly reversed the latency caused by Aβ injection. Additionally, our data revealed that SST-mediated improvements in memory impairment are related to its neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. On histological analysis, SST treatment protected neuronal loss and damage as well as microglial activation, and ameliorated amount of Aβ in brain of mouse model of AD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SST may be a promising candidate for the development of novel drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Jeong MI, Kim HR, Park H, Moon WK, Kim B. Plant Extracts as Possible Agents for Sequela of Cancer Therapies and Cachexia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E836. [PMID: 32906727 PMCID: PMC7555300 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of the death worldwide. Since the National Cancer Act in 1971, various cancer treatments were developed including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and so forth. However, sequela of such cancer therapies and cachexia are problem to the patients. The primary mechanism of cancer sequela and cachexia is closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. As antioxidant properties of numerous plant extracts have been widely reported, plant-derived drugs may have efficacy on managing the sequela and cachexia. In this study, recent seventy-four studies regarding plant extracts showing ability to manage the sequela and cachexia were reviewed. Some plant-derived antioxidants inhibited cancer proliferation and inflammation after surgery and others prevented chemotherapy-induced normal cell apoptosis. Also, there are plant extracts that suppressed radiation-induced oxidative stress and cell damage by elevation of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BcL-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Cachexia was also alleviated by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by plant extracts. This review focuses on the potential of plant extracts as great therapeutic agents by controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
| | - Myung In Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
| | - Hyo-Rim Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
| | - Hyejin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
| | - Won-Kyoung Moon
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (J.L.); (M.I.J.); (H.-R.K.); (H.P.); (W.-K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea
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Im AR, Ji KY, Nam KW, Chae S. Protective effects of Sosihotang extract against ultraviolet B-induced skin photoageing in hairless mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1278-1286. [PMID: 32618003 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sosihotang (SSH) is an herbal medicine traditionally used against the common cold, and hepatic and gastric diseases, in Northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated whether SSH extract can protect against UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing. METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with SSH extract and exposed UVB irradiation at 20 mJ/cm2 . Hairless mice were orally administered SSH extract (100 mg/kg per mouse) as UVB irradiation was increased from 60 to 120 mJ/cm2 over the course of 12 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with SSH extract inhibited the upregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, treatment with SSH extract restored the levels of factors instrumental in skin hydration (TEWL, capacitance, HA and TGF-β) and those regulating collagen content (procollagen, MMP-1 and MMP-9). This activity inhibited epidermal thickening and disorganization of collagen fibres. Administration of SSH extract also ameliorated the expression of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and phosphorylation of MAPK family members (MEK, JNK, ERK and p38) by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Nrf-2, HO-1 and NQO-1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SSH extract can be used therapeutically for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Li YD, Mao Y, Dong XD, Lei ZN, Yang Y, Lin L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Fan YF, Chen ZS. Methyl-Cantharidimide (MCA) Has Anticancer Efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing and Cisplatin Resistant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:932. [PMID: 32676451 PMCID: PMC7333678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methyl-cantharidimide (MCA), a cantharidin (CTD) analog, as an anticancer drug, in cancer cells overexpressing either ABCB1 or ABCG2 transporters and in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The results indicated that: (i) MCA was efficacious in the ABCB1-overexpressing cell line, KB-C2, and the ABCB1-gene-transfected cell line, HEK293/ABCB1 (IC50 from 6.37 to 8.44 mM); (ii) MCA was also efficacious in the ABCG2-overexpressing cell line, NCI-H460/MX20, and the ABCG2-gene-transfected cell lines, HEK293/ABCG2-482-R2, HEK293/ABCG2-482-G2, and the HEK293/ABCG2-482-T7 cell lines (IC50 from 6.37 to 9.70 mM); (iii) MCA was efficacious in the cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines, KCP-4 and BEL-7404/CP20 (IC50 values from 7.05 to 8.16 mM); (iv) MCA (up to 16 mM) induced apoptosis in both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells; (v) MCA arrested both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; (vi) MCA (8 mM) upregulated the expression level of the protein, unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cancer cells. Overall, our results indicated that MCA's efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing and cisplatin resistant cancer cells is due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing-Duo Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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Zhang WL, Li N, Shen Q, Fan M, Guo XD, Zhang XW, Zhang Z, Liu X. Establishment of a mouse model of cancer cachexia with spleen deficiency syndrome and the effects of atractylenolide I. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:237-248. [PMID: 31341256 PMCID: PMC7470874 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome that affects ∼50%-80% of cancer patients, and no effective therapy for cancer cachexia is presently available. In traditional Chinese medicine, a large portion of patients with cancer cachexia was diagnosed as spleen deficiency syndrome and treated with tonifying TCMs that produce clinic benefits. In this study we established a new animal model of spleen deficiency and cancer cachexia in mice and evaluated the therapeutic effects of atractylenolide I, an active component of tonifying TCM BaiZhu, in the mouse model. Cancer cachexia was induced in male BALB/c mice by inoculation of mouse C26 colon adenocarcinoma cells, whereas spleen deficiency syndrome was induced by treating the mice with spleen deficiency-inducing factors, including limited feeding, fatigue, and purging. The mouse model was characterized by both cachexia and spleen deficiency characteristics, including significant body weight loss, cancer growth, muscle atrophy, fat lipolysis, spleen, and thymus atrophy as compared with healthy control mice, cancer cachexia mice, and spleen deficiency mice. Oral administration of atractylenolide I (20 mg· kg-1per day, for 30 days) significantly ameliorated the reduction in body weight and atrophy of muscle, fat, spleen, and thymus in mice with spleen deficiency and cachexia. The established model of spleen deficiency and cancer cachexia might be useful in the future for screening possible anticachexia TCMs and clarifying their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Men Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Chinese Herbal Medicine (Chaihu-Huaji Decoction) Alleviates Postembolization Syndrome following Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Improves Survival in Unresectable Hepatocellular Cancer: A Retrospective Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6269518. [PMID: 30854013 PMCID: PMC6377962 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6269518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the efficacy of Chaihu-huaji decoction combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 125 HCC patients treated in Chongqing Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014, including 64 patients who received Chaihu-huaji decoction and TACE (Chaihu-huaji group) and 61 patients who received only TACE (control group). The patients were examined until the last follow-up or death. Complications, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity were compared between the two groups. Results Fever, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, and leukocytopenia were alleviated in patients who received Chaihu-huaji decoction, and no cases of significant hepatic and renal toxicities related to the herbal medicine were observed in the Chaihu-huaji group. The 3-year overall survival probability was significantly higher in the Chaihu-huaji group (26.47%) than in the control group (13.06%). Conclusion Chaihu-huaji decoction may prevent adverse events after TACE and prolong overall survival of unresectable HCC patients when combined with TACE.
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Park B, You S, Cho WCS, Choi JY, Lee MS. A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:9-22. [PMID: 30614226 PMCID: PMC6331334 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We searched four representing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADE) checklist. RESULTS A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Park
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental College, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34020, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseong You
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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A Review of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies on Muscular Atrophy: A Literature Review of In Vivo/In Vitro Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8654719. [PMID: 30581489 PMCID: PMC6276427 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8654719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this review is to evaluate the recent treatment and study trends of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments on muscular atrophy by reviewing in vivo/in vitro studies. Materials and Methods The searches were conducted via electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang MED, and five Korean databases. Only in vivo and in vitro studies were included in this study. Results A total of 44 studies (27 in vivo studies, 8 in vitro studies, and 9 in vivo with in vitro) were included. No serious maternal or fetal complications occurred. There were various animal models induced with muscular atrophy through “hindlimb suspension”, “nerve damage”, ‘alcohol or dexamethasone treatment', “diabetes”, “CKD”, “stroke”, “cancer”, “genetic modification”, etc. In 28 of 36 articles measuring muscle mass, CAM significantly increased the mass. Additionally, 10 of them showed significant improvement in muscle function. In most in vitro studies, significant increases in both the diameter of myotubes and muscle cell numbers were reported. The mechanisms of action of protein synthesis, degradation, autophagy, and apoptotic markers were also investigated. Conclusions These results demonstrate that CAM could prevent muscular atrophy. Further studies about CAM on muscular atrophy are needed.
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Kim A, Im M, Ma JY. A novel herbal formula, SGE, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cancer cell death and alleviates cachexia symptoms induced by colon-26 adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16284-16296. [PMID: 29662645 PMCID: PMC5893240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia in cancer patients, characterized by marked involuntary weight loss and impaired physical function, is associated with a poor prognosis in response to conventional treatment and with an increase in cancer-related mortality. Prevention of skeletal muscle loss under cancer-induced cachexia via inhibition of pro-cachectic factors, as well as a reduction in tumor mass, has been considered reasonable pharmacological and nutritional interventions to treat cancer patients. In this study, we constructed a novel herbal formula, SGE, which contains Ginseng Radix alba, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba, and Hoelen, examined its anti-cancer and anti-cachexia efficacies. In in vitro experiments, SGE induced death of CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines in Raw 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. In addition, SGE treatment attenuated CT-26-induced C2C12 skeletal muscle cell atrophy as well as CT-26-induced reduction in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. In CT-26 tumor-bearing mice, daily oral administration of 10 and 50 mg/kg SGE remarkably attenuated the cachexia-related symptoms, including body weight and muscle loss, compared with saline treatment, while food intake was not affected. These data collectively suggest that SGE is beneficial as an anti-cancer adjuvant to treat cancer patients with severe weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyung Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Im
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
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Hirahara N, Tajima Y, Fujii Y, Kaji S, Yamamoto T, Hyakudomi R, Taniura T, Kawabata Y. Prognostic nutritional index as a predictor of survival in resectable gastric cancer patients with normal preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels: a propensity score matching analysis. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29534689 PMCID: PMC5850976 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An ideal tumor marker should be capable of being detected at any stage of the disease. However, gastric cancer patients do not always have elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, even in advanced cases. Recently, several studies have investigated the associations between preoperative PNI and postoperative long-term outcomes. In this study, we focused on the significance of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a potential predictor of survival in resectable gastric cancer patients with normal preoperative serum CEA levels. Methods We retrospectively conducted cohort study to evaluate the PNI as a predictor of survival in 368 resectable gastric cancer patients who underwent potentially curative gastrectomy at our institute between January 2010 and December 2016. We selected 218 patients by propensity score matching to reduce biases due to the different distributions of co-variables among the comparable groups. Results In the multivariate analysis, pStage (hazard ratio [HR]: 14.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.033–44.487; p < 0.001), PNI (HR: 2.794, 95% CI: 1.352–6.039; p < 0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors of CSS in 218 propensity matched gastric cancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that low PNI patients had a significantly poorer cancer specific survival (CSS) than high PNI patients (p = 0.008). Among 166 propensity matched gastric cancer patients with normal preoperative serum CEA levels, multivariate analysis demonstrated that pStage (HR: 7.803, 95% CI: 3.015–24.041; p < 0.001) and PNI (HR: 3.078, 95% CI: 1.232–8.707; p = 0.016) were identified as independent prognostic factors of CSS. And Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that low PNI had a significantly poorer CSS than high PNI value (p = 0.011). Conclusions This study demonstrates that a low preoperative PNI value is a potential independent risk factor for poorer CSS in patients with gastric cancer, even in those with normal serum CEA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hirahara
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Tajima
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujii
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kaji
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamamoto
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hyakudomi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takahito Taniura
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kawabata
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Introduction Cachexia is a common complication of many and varied chronic disease processes, yet it has received very little attention as an area of clinical research effort until recently. We sought to survey the contemporary literature on published research into cachexia to define where it is being published and the proportion of output classified into the main types of research output. Methods I searched the PubMed listings under the topic research term "cachexia" and related terms for articles published in the calendar years of 2015 and 2016, regardless of language. Searches were conducted and relevant papers extracted by two observers, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results There were 954 publications, 370 of which were review articles or commentaries, 254 clinical observations or non-randomised trials, 246 original basic science reports and only 26 were randomised controlled trials. These articles were published in 478 separate journals but with 36% of them being published in a core set of 23 journals. The H-index of these papers was 25 and there were 147 papers with 10 or more citations. Of the top 100 cited papers, 25% were published in five journals. Of the top cited papers, 48% were review articles, 18% were original basic science, and 7% were randomised clinical trials. Discussion This analysis shows a steady but modest increase in publications concerning cachexia with a strong pipeline of basic science research but still a relative lack of randomised clinical trials, with none exceeding 1000 patients. Research in cachexia is still in its infancy, but the solid basic science effort offers hope that translation into randomised controlled clinical trials may eventually lead to effective therapies for this troubling and complex clinical disease process.
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Citrus unshiu peel extract alleviates cancer-induced weight loss in mice bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24214. [PMID: 27064118 PMCID: PMC4827095 DOI: 10.1038/srep24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a critical feature of cancer-induced cachexia, caused by pro-cachectic factors secreted by host cells and tumor cells. Therefore, blockade of these factors has considered a reasonable target for pharmacological and nutritional interventions to prevent skeletal muscle loss under cancer-induced cachexia. Citrus unshiu peel (CUP) has been used for treating the common cold, dyspepsia, and bronchial discomfort and reported to have pharmacological activities against inflammation, allergy, diabetes, and viral infection. In the present study, we observed that daily oral administration of water extract of CUP (WCUP) to male BALB/c mice bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma remarkably reduced the losses in final body weight, carcass weight, gastrocnemius muscle, epididymal adipose tissue, and hemoglobin (Hb), compared with saline treatment. The levels of serum IL-6 and muscle-specific E3 ligases elevated by tumor burden were also considerably reduced by WCUP administration. In an in vitro experiment, WCUP efficiently suppressed the production of pro-cachectic cytokines in immune cells as well as cancer cells. In addition, WCUP treatment attenuated C2C12 skeletal muscle cell atrophy caused by cancer cells. These findings collectively suggest that WCUP is beneficial as a nutritional supplement for the management of cancer patients with severe weight loss.
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