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Vergoten G, Bailly C. Interaction of the renin inhibitor aliskiren with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: a molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12714-12722. [PMID: 34514971 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1976673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin protein is an upstream enzymatic regulator of the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system (RAAS) essential for the maintenance of blood pressure. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a major component of the RAAS and a cell surface receptor exploited by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to enter host cells. A recent molecular modeling study has revealed that the direct renin peptide inhibitor remikiren can bind to the catalytic site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). By analogy, we postulated that the non-peptidic drug aliskiren, a more potent renin inhibitor than remikiren and a drug routinely used to treat hypertension, may also be able to interact with Mpro. An in silico comparison of the binding of the two compounds to Mpro indicates that aliskiren (ΔE = -75.9 kcal/mol) can form stable complexes with the main viral protease, binding to the active site, as remikiren (ΔE = -83.2 kcal/mol). The comparison with a panoply of 30 references compounds (mainly antiviral drugs) indicated that remikiren is a potent Mpro binder comparable to drugs like glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (ΔE = -96.5 kcal/mol). The energy of interaction (ΔE) of aliskiren with Mpro is about 10% lower than with remikiren, comparable to that calculated with drugs like velpatasvir and sofosbuvir. A model is proposed to define the drug binding site, with the best binders (including remikiren) penetrating deeply into the site, whereas the less potent binders (including aliskiren) interact more superficially with the protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Vergoten
- Inserm, INFINITE - U1286, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Asadi-Samani M, Rasouli M, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and Ubiquitination as Two Major Players in Colorectal Cancer: A Review on Recent Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:143-153. [PMID: 32603286 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200630103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti- CRC therapies are now targeting specific signaling pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy are two main protein quality control systems, which play major roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. A balanced function of these two pathways is necessary for the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the roles of autophagy and ubiquitination in progression and inhibition of CRC. METHODS The search terms "colorectal cancer" or "colon cancer" or "colorectal carcinoma" or "colon carcinoma" in combination with "ubiquitin proteasome" and "autophagy" were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and also Google Patents (https://patents.google .com) from January 2000 to Feb 2020. RESULTS The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy have been investigated. There are many important factors involved in UPS and autophagy but this systematic review shows the studies that have mostly focused on the role of ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR in CRC, and the more important factors such as ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR factors that are effective in the regulation of autophagy in CRC cells have not been yet investigated. CONCLUSION The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy such as ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR, ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR can be considered in drug therapy for controlling or activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Carlos-Escalante JA, de Jesús-Sánchez M, Rivas-Castro A, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Arce C, Wegman-Ostrosky T. The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs as Coadjuvant Therapy in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660943. [PMID: 34094953 PMCID: PMC8173186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that constitute the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. The development of new drugs for treating this disease is a long and costly process, from the discovery of the molecule through testing in phase III clinical trials, a process during which most candidate molecules fail. The use of drugs currently employed for the management of other diseases (drug repurposing) represents an alternative for developing new medical treatments. Repurposing existing drugs is, in principle, cheaper and faster than developing new drugs. Antihypertensive drugs, primarily belonging to the pharmacological categories of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors, direct aldosterone antagonists, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-known safety profiles. Additionally, some of these drugs have exhibited pharmacological properties useful for the treatment of cancer, rendering them candidates for drug repurposing. In this review, we examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for utilizing antihypertensive agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Carlos-Escalante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados En Medicina (PECEM) (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela de Jesús-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba-Córdoba, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rivas-Castro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Arce
- Medical Oncology/Breast Tumors, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Costelli P. The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:542-558. [PMID: 32037856 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of a complex syndrome known as cachexia. It is mainly characterized by muscle wasting, a condition that associates with enhanced protein breakdown and with negative energy balance. While the mechanisms underlying cachexia have been only partially elucidated, understanding the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer hosts is mandatory to design new targeted therapeutic strategies. Indeed, most of cancer patients will experience cachexia during the course of their disease, and about 25% of cancer-related deaths are due to this syndrome, rather than to the tumor itself. Recent Advances: Compelling evidence suggests that an altered redox homeostasis likely contributes to cancer-induced muscle protein depletion, directly or indirectly activating the intracellular degradative pathways. In addition, oxidative stress impinges on both mitochondrial number and function; the other way round, altered mitochondria lead to enhanced redox imbalance, creating a vicious loop that eventually results in negative energy metabolism. Critical Issues: The present review focuses on the possibility that pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies able to restore a physiologic redox balance could be useful components of treatment schedules aimed at counteracting cancer-induced muscle wasting. Future Directions: Exercise and the use of exercise mimetic drugs represent the most promising approaches capable of reinforcing the muscle antioxidant defenses of cancer patients. The results from ongoing and new clinical trials are needed to validate the preclinical studies and provide effective therapies for cancer cachexia. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 542-558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Dolomatov S, Zukow W, Novikov N, Markaryan A, Eremeeva E. EXPRESSION OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN ONCOLOGIC DISEASES. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:354-364. [PMID: 31819334 PMCID: PMC6884393 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.02.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature devoted to changes in the expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) proteins of cancer cells was analyzed. The dynamics of RAS protein expression in malignant tumors and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in these processes are briefly reviewed. Through research of the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer, principally new techniques for their correction based on the use of selective regulatory systems of covalent modification of histone proteins (for example, deacetylase inhibitor) and microRNA synthesis technologies have been developed. Literature data show promising pharmacological correction of epigenetic modification of chromatin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walery Zukow
- 1Department of Medical Biology, Medical Academy SI Georgievsky, Crimea Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation jurisdiction; 2Faculty of Earth, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 3A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Novikov
- 1Department of Medical Biology, Medical Academy SI Georgievsky, Crimea Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation jurisdiction; 2Faculty of Earth, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 3A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Markaryan
- 1Department of Medical Biology, Medical Academy SI Georgievsky, Crimea Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation jurisdiction; 2Faculty of Earth, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 3A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Eremeeva
- 1Department of Medical Biology, Medical Academy SI Georgievsky, Crimea Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation jurisdiction; 2Faculty of Earth, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 3A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russian Federation
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Guo D, Wang C, Wang Q, Qiao Z, Tang H. Pantoprazole blocks the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia by inhibiting inflammatory response. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39640-39648. [PMID: 28489606 PMCID: PMC5503639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer cachexia is often present in patients with advanced malignant tumors, and the subsequent body weight reduction results in poor quality of life. However, there has been no progress in developing effective clinical therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Herein, we explored the functions of pantoprazole on cancer cachexia skeletal muscle wasting. METHODS The mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line C26 was inoculated in the right forelimb of male BALB/C mice to establish a cancer cachexia model. The animals were treated with or without different concentrations of pantoprazole orally, and the body weight, tumor growth, spontaneous activity, and muscle functions were determined at various time points. Two weeks later, the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA levels of gastrocnemius JAK2 and STAT3, and the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Fbx32, and MuRF1 were examined with ELISA assay, qRT-PCR assay, and Western blotting, respectively. Further studies were performed to assess the levels of Fbx32 and MuRF1 expression and morphological changes. RESULTS Pantoprazole can alleviate cancer cachexia-induced body weight reduction and inhibit skeletal muscle wasting in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicated that pantoprazole treatment can decrease the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α (56.3% and 67.6%, respectively), and inhibit the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, the expression levels of MuRF1 and Fbx32 were also suppressed after pantoprazole treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that pantoprazole can alleviate cancer cachexia skeletal muscle wasting by inhibiting the inflammatory response and blocking the JAK2/STAT3 or ubiquitin proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunwei Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining Municipal Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Zhongpeng Qiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, China
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Pinter M, Kwanten WJ, Jain RK. Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors to Mitigate Cancer Treatment-Related Adverse Events. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3803-3812. [PMID: 29610292 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-related side effects are a major clinical problem in cancer treatment. They lead to reduced compliance to therapy as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Well-known are the sequelae of chemotherapy on the heart, especially in childhood cancer survivors. Therefore, measures to mitigate the adverse events of cancer therapy may improve health and quality of life in patients with cancer, both in the short and long term. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) affects all hallmarks of cancer, and blockage of the RAS is associated with an improved outcome in several cancer types. There is also increasing evidence that inhibition of the RAS might be able to alleviate or even prevent certain types of cancer treatment-related adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the potential of RAS inhibitors to mitigate cancer treatment-related adverse events, with a special emphasis on chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, radiation injury, and arterial hypertension. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3803-12. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pinter
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Introduction Cachexia is a common complication of many and varied chronic disease processes, yet it has received very little attention as an area of clinical research effort until recently. We sought to survey the contemporary literature on published research into cachexia to define where it is being published and the proportion of output classified into the main types of research output. Methods I searched the PubMed listings under the topic research term "cachexia" and related terms for articles published in the calendar years of 2015 and 2016, regardless of language. Searches were conducted and relevant papers extracted by two observers, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results There were 954 publications, 370 of which were review articles or commentaries, 254 clinical observations or non-randomised trials, 246 original basic science reports and only 26 were randomised controlled trials. These articles were published in 478 separate journals but with 36% of them being published in a core set of 23 journals. The H-index of these papers was 25 and there were 147 papers with 10 or more citations. Of the top 100 cited papers, 25% were published in five journals. Of the top cited papers, 48% were review articles, 18% were original basic science, and 7% were randomised clinical trials. Discussion This analysis shows a steady but modest increase in publications concerning cachexia with a strong pipeline of basic science research but still a relative lack of randomised clinical trials, with none exceeding 1000 patients. Research in cachexia is still in its infancy, but the solid basic science effort offers hope that translation into randomised controlled clinical trials may eventually lead to effective therapies for this troubling and complex clinical disease process.
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