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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Qiu C, Lin Q, Ji S, Han C, Yang Q. Expression of IDO1 in Tumor Microenvironment Significantly Predicts the Risk of Recurrence/Distant Metastasis for Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100263. [PMID: 37839637 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore immune markers predicting locoregional recurrence/distant metastasis (R/M) for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) post-surgical intervention by using a novel high-throughput spatial tool to quantify multiple immune proteins expressed in ESCC and lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment (TME-L). First, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from surgical patients with ESCC (n = 94) were constructed on a microarray, which was then divided into discovery (n = 36) and validation cohorts (n = 58). Using a newly developed GeoMx digital spatial profiling tool, 31 immune proteins in paired ESCC and TME-L, morphologically segmented by PANCK and CD45, respectively, from the discovery cohort were quantified, releasing 2,232 variables. Next, the correlation matrix was analyzed using the Corrplot package in R Studio, resulting in 6 closely correlated clusters. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression scoring model predictive of R/M risk with superior specificity was successfully established based on the 3 following hierarchically clustered immune proteins: ARG1 in ESCC/PANCK+, STING, and IDO1 in TME-L/CD45+. Moreover, the expression of IDO1 in TME-L, rather than in ESCC, significantly predicted the R/M risk score with an area under curve of 0.9598. In addition, its correlation with R/M status was further validated by dual immunohistochemistry staining of IDO1 and CD45 in discovery and validation cohorts. Above all, our findings not only provide a more accurate scoring approach based on quantitative immune proteins for the prediction of R/M risk, but also propose that IDO1 in TME-L potentially plays a driving role in mediating R/M in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saiyan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenjie Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Khales SA, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Geerts D, Abbaszadegan MR. TWIST1 activates cancer stem cell marker genes to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1272. [PMID: 36474162 PMCID: PMC9724315 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Overexpression of EMT master transcription factors can promote differentiated cells to undergo cancer reprogramming processes and acquire a stem cell-like status. METHODS The KYSE-30 and YM-1 ESCC cell lines were transduced with retroviruses expressing TWIST1 or GFP and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and immunostaining to investigate the correlation between TWIST1 and stemness markers expression. Cells expressing TWIST1 were characterized for mRNA candidates by qRT-PCR and for protein candidates by Flow cytometry and Immunocytochemistry. TWIST1-ESCC cells were also evaluated for apoptosis and drug resistance. RESULTS Here we identify a role for TWIST1 in the establishment of ESCC cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype, facilitating the transformation of non-CSCs to CSCs. We provide evidence that TWIST1 expression correlates with the expression of CSC markers in ESCC cell lines. ChIP assay results demonstrated that TWIST1 regulates CSC markers, including CD44, SALL4, NANOG, MEIS1, GDF3, and SOX2, through binding to the E-box sequences in their promoters. TWIST1 promoted EMT through E-cadherin downregulation and vimentin upregulation. Moreover, TWIST1 expression repressed apoptosis in ESCC cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of the Bax protein, and increased ABCG2 and ABCC4 transporters expression, which may lead to drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a critical role for TWIST1 in CSC-like generation, EMT progression, and inhibition of apoptosis in ESCC. Thus, TWIST1 represents a therapeutic target for the suppression of esophageal cell transformation to CSCs and ESCC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ardalan Khales
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dirk Geerts
- grid.5650.60000000404654431Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sun G, Yang Y, Liu J, Gao Z, Xu T, Chai J, Xu J, Fan Z, Xiao T, Jia Q, Li M. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Razavi ZS, Asgarpour K, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Rasouli S, Khan H, Shahrzad MK, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Angiogenesis-related non-coding RNAs and gastrointestinal cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 21:220-241. [PMID: 34095461 PMCID: PMC8141508 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the main reasons for cancer death globally. The deadliest types of GI cancer include colon, stomach, and liver cancers. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that angiogenesis has a key role in the growth and metastasis of all GI tumors. Abnormal angiogenesis also has a critical role in many non-malignant diseases. Therefore, angiogenesis is considered to be an important target for improved cancer treatment. Despite much research, the mechanisms governing angiogenesis are not completely understood. Recently, it has been shown that angiogenesis-related non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could affect the development of angiogenesis in cancer cells and tumors. The broad family of ncRNAs, which include long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, are related to the development, promotion, and metastasis of GI cancers, especially in angiogenesis. This review discusses the role of ncRNAs in mediating angiogenesis in various types of GI cancers and looks forward to the introduction of mimetics and antagonists as possible therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasra Asgarpour
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Karim Shahrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Narusaka T, Ohara T, Noma K, Nishiwaki N, Katsura Y, Kato T, Sato H, Tomono Y, Kikuchi S, Tazawa H, Shirakawa Y, Matsukawa A, Fujiwara T. Nanog is a promising chemoresistant stemness marker and therapeutic target by iron chelators for esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:347-357. [PMID: 33662150 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a disease showing poor prognosis. Although combination chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil is standard for unresectable esophageal cancer, the response rate is 35%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and inflammation are reportedly responsible for the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. However, comprehensive analyses have not been conducted and proposals for progress remain lacking. Iron is known to be a key factor in the stemness of CSCs. Our study focused on the therapeutic potential of iron control using iron chelators for CSCs in esophageal cancer. Among 134 immunohistochemically analyzed cases, Nanog expression was high in 98 cases and low in 36 cases. High Nanog expression correlated with low overall and disease-free survivals. The iron chelators deferasirox (DFX) and SP10 suppressed the proliferation and expression of stemness markers in TE8 and OE33 cells. DFX and SP10 did not induce compensatory interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, although CDDP did result in high induction. Moreover, BBI608 and SSZ, as other CSC-targeting drugs, could not suppress the expression of stemness markers. Overall, Nanog expression appears related to poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients, and inhibition of stemness and compensatory IL-6 secretion by iron chelators may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Narusaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishiwaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Katsura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tomono
- Division of Molecular Cell biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Gupta P, Rizvi SZ, Lal N, Gupta V, Srivastav AN, Musa O. Expression of CD44 and CD133 stem cell markers in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:472-478. [PMID: 34341256 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_682_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Role of cancer stem cells in the esophageal carcinogenesis is not clear. Aim To assess the expression of CD44 and CD133 cancer stem cell markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its predisposing lesions by immunohistochemistry. Setting and Design Prospective study as a part of an intramural research project. Materials and Methods Tissues samples were obtained with endoscopic biopsy and from surgically resected esophageal specimens. Fifty cases each of histopathologically diagnosed cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its predisposing lesions (mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia and esophagitis) were evaluated for stem cell marker CD44 and C133 by immunohistochemistry using a scoring system. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc tests (Tukey-HSD) were used as appropriate for data analysis. Two sided P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results CD44 expression was significantly higher in ESCC as compared to dysplasia and esophagitis (mean IS 7.92 ± 1.45 vs. 6.34 ± 0.80 vs 5.15 ± 0.86 respectively, P < 0.001). CD133 expression was also significantly higher in ESCC as compared to dysplasia (mean IS 6.82 ± 1.57 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00 respectively, P < 0.001) while esophagitis showed no expression. CD44 and CD133 expressions were significantly higher in poorly differentiated ESCC than moderately differentiated and well differentiated lesions (CD44 mean IS 6.94 ± 1.44 vs 8.17 ± 1.38 vs. 8.63 ± 1.02 respectively, P < 0.001 and CD 133 mean IRS 5.63 ± 0.81 vs 6.00 ± 00 vs. 9.0 ± 00 respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion Significantly higher expression of CD44 and CD133 cancer stem cell markers in ESCC as compared to its predisposing lesions (esophagitis and dysplasia) suggests its role in esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sania Z Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nirupma Lal
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand N Srivastav
- Director Research, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Osman Musa
- Department of Surgery, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Curcumin may be a potential adjuvant treatment drug for colon cancer by targeting CD44. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106991. [PMID: 33182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances in treatment method development, the mortality rate related to colon cancer still ranks the fifth in all tumor-related diseases. Recently, there has been growing evidences supporting the existence of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be one of the main causes for initiation, progression and recurrence of colon cancer. Curcumin has been shown to possess anticancer activities. It has also been suggested that curcumin was effective against colon CSCs by coupling with CD44, a robust marker and functional important molecule for colorectal CSC. In the present study, we confirmed that curcumin can inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, migration and tumor sphere formation of colon cancer cells. Results from real-time PCR and western blotting had suggested that curcumin could down-regulate the expression of CD44. Moreover, results from flow cytometry had further revealed that curcumin could decrease the proportion of CD44+ colon cancer cells. After the expression of CD44 had been knocked down by using siRNA, the inhibition effects of curcumin against CD44+ colon cancer cells were observed to be reduced significantly. Moreover, it had been observed that the cellular uptake of curcumin was significantly higher in CD44+ colon cancer cells. Results from flow cytometry had shown that curcumin could induce apoptosis in CD44+ colon cancer cells. Altogether, our results suggested that curcumin might be an adjuvant drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer by targeting CD44.
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Zhou C, Fan N, Liu F, Fang N, Plum PS, Thieme R, Gockel I, Gromnitza S, Hillmer AM, Chon SH, Schlösser HA, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Linking Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Therapeutic Resistance-Mechanism and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061481. [PMID: 32560537 PMCID: PMC7349233 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive form of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) as two predominant histological subtypes. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. In this review, we aim to collect the current evidence on CSCs in esophageal cancer, including the biomarkers/characterization strategies of CSCs, heterogeneity of CSCs, and the key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, YAP, JAK/STAT3) in modulating CSCs during esophageal cancer progression. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in EC highlights DNA damage response (DDR), metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the role of the crosstalk of CSCs and their niche in the tumor progression. According to these molecular findings, potential therapeutic implications of targeting esophageal CSCs may provide novel strategies for the clinical management of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nan Fang
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Yaogu Avenue 11, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Patrick S. Plum
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Sascha Gromnitza
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Axel M. Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seung-Hun Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Hans A. Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4783-0601; Fax: +49-221-4783-0664
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Trevellin E, Pirozzolo G, Fassan M, Vettor R. Prognostic value of stem cell markers in esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:4240-4249. [PMID: 32368307 PMCID: PMC7196270 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor, with poor prognosis and low survival rates. Although diagnosis and treatment have improved considerably, more efficient prognostic factors are urgently needed to prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells are key players in tumor progression and several studies have investigated the association between the expression of stemness genes and clinical outcome. However, the prognostic value of stemness markers in esophageal cancer remains controversial. We identified six factors involved in angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis and self-renewal that have been associated to poor prognosis in other types of cancer. We conducted a review of the literature and a meta-analysis to assess their potential prognostic role in this malignancy. Material and Methods: The database of PMC, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched to investigate the association between CD34, CD133, Nucleostemin, OCT-4, NANOG and CD90, and the survival of patients affected by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Among the 615 eligible studies, a total of 19 articles (including 1586 patients) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, and the pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Data showed that high expression of CD34 (HR 2.10; 95%CI 1.41-3.14; I2=56%; p=0.0003), CD133 (HR 1.91; 95%CI 1.15-3.19; I2=55%; p=0.01) and Nucleostemin (HR 2.97; 95%CI 1.11-7.98; I2=0%; p=0.03) were associated with poor prognosis in patients affected by esophageal cancer. The expression of NANOG and OCT-4 showed no significant association with survival of patients, whereas no study involving CD90 was included in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: CD34, CD133 and Nucleostemin might represent useful prognostic markers in patients affected by esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Trevellin
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pirozzolo
- Emergency General Surgery, Ospedale dell'Angelo - ULSS 3 Serenissima, 30174 Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Chai L, Bu H, Yang Y, Huang H, Ran J, Zhu Y, Li L, Chen F, Li W. FRK plays an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the stemness phenotype via induction of metabolic reprogramming. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:208-222. [PMID: 31251822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of Fyn-related kinase (FRK) in malignant tumors remains controversial. Our study investigated the function of FRK in lung cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining and generating a knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 in H1299 (FRK-KO-H1299) cells were strategies used to explore the role of FRK. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that FRK expression was elevated in 223 lung cancer tissues compared to 26 distant normal lung tissues. FRK contributed to poor survival status in lung cancer patients and acted as a predictor for poor prognosis of lung cancer. Knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 markedly inhibited proliferation, invasion, colony formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the lung cancer cell line H1299. Further exploration indicated that FRK-KO damaged the stemness phenotype of H1299 by inhibiting CD44 and CD133 expression. Seahorse detection and a U-13 C flux assay revealed that FRK-KO induced metabolism reprogramming by inhibiting the Warburg effect and changing the energy type in H1299 cells. Epidermal growth factor stimulation recovered the expression of FRK and biological functions, metabolic reprogramming and stemness phenotype of H1299 cells. FRK plays an oncogenic role in lung cancer cells via a novel regulation mechanism of enhancing the stemness of H1299 cells by inducing metabolism reprogramming, which finally promotes EMT and metastasis. Our study also indicates that FRK could be used as a potential therapeutic target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Chai
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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12
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Hypermethylation-mediated inactivation of miR-124 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor growth at least partially through targeting EZH2/H3K27me3 in ESCC. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:381-391. [PMID: 31197517 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicated that some microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role during the carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that miR-124 is down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. Three miR-124 encoding genes, including mir-124-1, mir-124-2, and mir-124-3, harboring CpG islands undergo methylation-mediated miR-124 inactivation in ESCC tissues. The methylation status of all these three genes was negatively associated with the expression of miR-124. The low expression of miR-124 and the hypermethylation of mir-124-1 and mir-124-3 were associated with the clinico-pathological parameters indicating the poor prognosis. In addition, promoter methylation of all three genes plus low expression of miR-124 was the independent poor prognostic marker for ESCC patients. In conclusion, miR-124 may function as a tumor suppressive miRNA, and hypermethylation-mediated inactivation of miR-124 may be useful for a poor prognostic marker for ESCC patients.
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13
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Kijima T, Nakagawa H, Shimonosono M, Chandramouleeswaran PM, Hara T, Sahu V, Kasagi Y, Kikuchi O, Tanaka K, Giroux V, Muir AB, Whelan KA, Ohashi S, Naganuma S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Shinden Y, Sasaki K, Omoto I, Kita Y, Muto M, Bass AJ, Diehl JA, Ginsberg GG, Doki Y, Mori M, Uchikado Y, Arigami T, Avadhani NG, Basu D, Rustgi AK, Natsugoe S. Three-Dimensional Organoids Reveal Therapy Resistance of Esophageal and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:73-91. [PMID: 30510992 PMCID: PMC6260338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oropharyngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, especially the latter, are a lethal disease, featuring intratumoral cancer cell heterogeneity and therapy resistance. To facilitate cancer therapy in personalized medicine, three-dimensional (3D) organoids may be useful for functional characterization of cancer cells ex vivo. We investigated the feasibility and the utility of patient-derived 3D organoids of esophageal and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS We generated 3D organoids from paired biopsies representing tumors and adjacent normal mucosa from therapy-naïve patients and cell lines. We evaluated growth and structures of 3D organoids treated with 5-fluorouracil ex vivo. RESULTS Tumor-derived 3D organoids were grown successfully from 15 out of 21 patients (71.4%) and passaged with recapitulation of the histopathology of the original tumors. Successful formation of tumor-derived 3D organoids was associated significantly with poor response to presurgical neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy in informative patients (P = 0.0357, progressive and stable diseases, n = 10 vs. partial response, n = 6). The 3D organoid formation capability and 5-fluorouracil resistance were accounted for by cancer cells with high CD44 expression and autophagy, respectively. Such cancer cells were found to be enriched in patient-derived 3D organoids surviving 5-fluorouracil treatment. CONCLUSIONS The single cell-based 3D organoid system may serve as a highly efficient platform to explore cancer therapeutics and therapy resistance mechanisms in conjunction with morphological and functional assays with implications for translation in personalized medicine.
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Key Words
- 3D Organoids
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- 5-Fluorouracil
- 5FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AV, autophagy vesicle
- Autophagy
- CD44
- CD44H, high expression of CD44
- CQ, chloroquine
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LC3, light chain 3
- OPSCC, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
- PI, propidium iodide
- SCCs, squamous cell carcinomas
- TE11R, 5-fluorouracil–resistant derivative of TE11
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasanna M Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuta Kasagi
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda B Muir
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Naganuma
- Department of Pathology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Itaru Omoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Adam J Bass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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14
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Guo P, Wang J, Gao W, Liu X, Wu S, Wan B, Xu L, Li Y. Salvianolic acid B reverses multidrug resistance in nude mice bearing human colon cancer stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1323-1334. [PMID: 29845279 PMCID: PMC6072146 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a water-soluble phenolic compound, extractable from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has previously been demonstrated to reverse tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) in colon cancer cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely associated with drug resistance. Therefore, establishing a nude mouse model bearing human colon CSCs is important for the study of the mechanisms underlying colon cancer drug resistance as well as the reversal of drug resistance. The present study aimed to establish a nude mouse model bearing human colon CSCs and to investigate the effects of SalB on the drug resistance exhibited by the nude mouse model as well as determine its underlying mechanism. Cells from two colon cancer cell lines (LoVo and HCT-116) were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain CSCs-enriched spheroid cells. Following this, nude mice were transplanted with LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs to establish the CSC nude mouse model, which was subsequently demonstrated to exhibit MDR. The results of the present study revealed that following treatment with SalB, the chemotherapeutic drug resistance of xenografts was reversed to a certain extent. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, transcription factor sox-2 (SOX2) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins, and the results demonstrated that treatment with SalB downregulated the expression of CD44, SOX2 and ABCG2 proteins in both LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs xenografts. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that a serum-free suspension method can be performed to successfully isolate colon CSCs. In addition, a nude mice bearing colon CSCs animal model was successfully established, and associated tumors were confirmed to exhibit MDR. Furthermore, SalB was demonstrated to successfully reverse MDR in nude mice bearing LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs, as well as suppress the expression of CD44, SOX2 and ABCG2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoting Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Wencang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medical and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201899, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
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15
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Masuike Y, Tanaka K, Makino T, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Mori M, Doki Y. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low mitochondrial copy number has mesenchymal and stem-like characteristics, and contributes to poor prognosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193159. [PMID: 29447301 PMCID: PMC5814088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers in various human cancers have been studied, but any such changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are not established. In the present study, we investigated the correlation of mtDNA copy number with clinicopathologic features, prognosis, and malignant potential of ESCC. MtDNA copy numbers of resected specimens from 80 patients treated with radical esophagectomy were measured by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Human ESCC cells, TE8 and TE11, were cultured, and depletion of mtDNA content was induced by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression or treatment with ethidium bromide. The mRNA and protein expression, proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle were investigated. The results showed that the mtDNA copy number of cancerous portions was 56.0 (37.4-234.5) percent that of non-cancerous parts and significantly lower (p<0.01). Low mtDNA copy number in resected cancerous tissues was significantly correlated with pathological depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.045) and pathological stage (p = 0.025). Patients with lower mtDNA copy number had significantly poorer 5-year overall survival compared to patients with higher levels (p<0.01). The mtDNA-depleted TE8 and TE11 cells had morphological changes and proliferated more slowly than control cells under normoxia but proliferated at almost the same rate under hypoxic conditions. In mtDNA-depleted cells, E-cadherin mRNA expression was decreased, and N-cadherin, vimentin, zeb-1, and cd44 mRNA expression was increased. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry analysis also showed downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated N-cadherin and CD44 protein in mtDNA-depleted cells. Moreover, mtDNA-depleted cells had enhanced invasion, migration, and sphere formation abilities, and the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was induced in these cells. These results suggested that mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells had mesenchymal characteristics, cancer stemness, and tolerance to hypoxia, which played important role in cancer progression. In conclusion, a low copy number of mtDNA is associated with tumor progression in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Li B, Xu WW, Han L, Chan KT, Tsao SW, Lee NPY, Law S, Xu LY, Li EM, Chan KW, Qin YR, Guan XY, He QY, Cheung ALM. MicroRNA-377 suppresses initiation and progression of esophageal cancer by inhibiting CD133 and VEGF. Oncogene 2017; 36:3986-4000. [PMID: 28288140 PMCID: PMC5511242 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with poor survival and limited therapeutic options. The discovery of microRNAs created a new milestone in cancer research. miR-377 is located in chromosome region 14q32, which is frequently deleted in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the biological functions, clinical significance and therapeutic implication of miR-377 in ESCC are largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-377 expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissue and serum of patients with ESCC. Both tumor tissue and serum miR-377 expression levels were positively correlated with patient survival. Higher serum miR-377 expression was inversely associated with pathologic tumor stage, distant metastasis, residual tumor status and chemoradiotherapy resistance. The roles of miR-377 in suppressing tumor initiation and progression, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-377 overexpression inhibited the initiation, growth and angiogenesis of ESCC tumors as well as metastatic colonization of ESCC cells, whereas silencing of miR-377 had opposite effects. Mechanistically, miR-377 regulated CD133 and VEGF by directly binding to their 3' untranslated region. Moreover, systemic delivery of formulated miR-377 mimic not only suppressed tumor growth in nude mice but also blocked tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of ESCC cells to the lungs without overt toxicity to mice. Collectively, our study established that miR-377 plays a functional and significant role in suppressing tumor initiation and progression, and may represent a promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic strategy for patients with ESCC.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/physiology
- Middle Aged
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - W W Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - L Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - K T Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - S W Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - N P Y Lee
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - S Law
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - L Y Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - E M Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - K W Chan
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - Y R Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Y Guan
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Department of Clinical oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - Q Y He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Blvd., Guangzhou, China
| | - A L M Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. E-mail:
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17
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Cancer stem cells with increased metastatic potential as a therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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