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Bolzon V, Bulfoni M, Pesando M, Nencioni A, Nencioni E. A streamlined workflow for a fast and cost-effective count of tyndallized probiotics using flow cytometry. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1389069. [PMID: 38765688 PMCID: PMC11099204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of dead probiotics and their cellular metabolites seems to exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, providing protection against pathogens. These inanimate microorganisms, often referred to as tyndallized or heat-killed bacteria, are a new class of probiotics employed in clinical practice. Safety concerns regarding the extensive use of live microbial cells have increased interest in inactivated bacteria, as they could eliminate shelf-life problems and reduce the risks of microbial translocation and infection. Culture-dependent methods are not suitable for the quality assessment of these products, and alternative methods are needed for their quantification. To date, bacterial counting chambers and microscopy have been used for tyndallized bacteria enumeration, but no alternative validated methods are now available for commercial release. The aim of the present study is to design a new method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of tyndallized bacterial cells using flow cytometric technology. Using a live/dead viability assay based on two nucleic acid stains, thiazole orange (TO) and propidium iodide (PI), we optimized a workflow to evaluate bacterial viability beyond the reproduction capacity that provides information about the structural properties and metabolic activities of probiotics on FACSVerse without using beads as a reference. The data obtained in this study represent the first analytical application that works effectively both on viable and non-viable cells. The results provided consistent evidence, and different samples were analyzed using the same staining protocol and acquisition settings. No significant discrepancies were highlighted between the declared specification of commercial strain and the analytical data obtained. For the first time, flow cytometry was used for counting tyndallized bacterial cells as a quality control assessment in probiotic production. This aspect becomes important if applied to medical devices where we cannot boast metabolic but only mechanical activities.
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Sarafidis M, Lambrou GI, Zoumpourlis V, Koutsouris D. An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis towards the Identification of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Key Biomarkers for Urinary Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143358. [PMID: 35884419 PMCID: PMC9319344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is evidently a challenge as far as its prognosis and treatment are concerned. The investigation of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets is indispensable and still in progress. Most studies attempt to identify differential signatures between distinct molecular tumor subtypes. Therefore, keeping in mind the heterogeneity of urinary bladder tumors, we attempted to identify a consensus gene-related signature between the common expression profile of bladder cancer and control samples. In the quest for substantive features, we were able to identify key hub genes, whose signatures could hold diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic significance, but, primarily, could contribute to a better understanding of urinary bladder cancer biology. Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and accounts for high morbidity and mortality. This study intended to elucidate potential key biomarkers related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of BCa through an integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this context, a systematic meta-analysis, integrating 18 microarray gene expression datasets from the GEO repository into a merged meta-dataset, identified 815 robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The key hub genes resulted from DEG-based protein–protein interaction and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were screened for their differential expression in urine and blood plasma samples of BCa patients. Subsequently, they were tested for their prognostic value, and a three-gene signature model, including COL3A1, FOXM1, and PLK4, was built. In addition, they were tested for their predictive value regarding muscle-invasive BCa patients’ response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A six-gene signature model, including ANXA5, CD44, NCAM1, SPP1, CDCA8, and KIF14, was developed. In conclusion, this study identified nine key biomarker genes, namely ANXA5, CDT1, COL3A1, SPP1, VEGFA, CDCA8, HJURP, TOP2A, and COL6A1, which were differentially expressed in urine or blood of BCa patients, held a prognostic or predictive value, and were immunohistochemically validated. These biomarkers may be of significance as prognostic and therapeutic targets for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Sarafidis
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-772-2430
| | - George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 8 Thivon & Levadeias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 8 Thivon & Levadeias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Koutsouris
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece;
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Sielatycka K, Juzwa W, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W. Multiparameter flow cytometric enumeration of probiotic-containing commercial powders. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:125-157. [PMID: 31898785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases expands rapidly. The pathogenesis of these noncommunicable disorders revolves around innate immunity, microbiome, and stem cell alterations. Understanding the mechanisms behind stem cell biology and their regulatory pathways is a key to understanding the origin of human disease. Stem cells are involved in tissue and organ damage and regeneration. The evidence is mounting that not only eukaryotic cells but also gut microbiota may release extracellular microvesicles that are absorbed from the gut into the portal and systemic circulation. Linking the fields of stem cells, innate immunity and microbiome research opens up new avenues to develop novel diagnostic (e.g., biomarkers), therapeutic (e.g., microbiome modulation, stem cell-based medicines), and prognostic (personalized diets) tools. In this chapter, we present the short overview of various stem and progenitor cells of adult tissues circulating in peripheral blood and their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of digestive diseases. We also briefly discuss the role of host-stem cell-microbial interactions as a new frontier of research in gastroenterology.
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Elevated Numbers of Circulating Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs) and Intermediate CD14++CD16+ Monocytes in IgA Nephropathy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:686-693. [PMID: 30022351 PMCID: PMC6132770 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is recognized as most frequent form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. IgAN is associated with renal degradation occurring due to irreversible pathological changes leading to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. It remains poorly understood whether and to what extent these changes are followed by the activation of regenerative mechanisms. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate regenerative potential of IgAN patients by quantitating the frequencies of several stem cell types, namely circulating very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as well as different monocyte subsets with varying maturation and angiopoietic potential. Moreover, we analyzed whether changes in stem cell and monocyte frequencies were related to alterations of several chemotactic factors (stromal derived-factor (SDF-1), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)) and a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation, namely soluble form of CD163 receptor (sCD163). We showed that IgAN patients presented with enhanced levels of VSELs, but not other stem cell types. We also demonstrated significantly elevated numbers of intermediate monocytes known for their M2-like properties as well as high angiopoietic potential and CD163 expression. This finding was accompanied by detection of elevated sCD163 plasma levels in IgAN patients. Taking together, we demonstrated here that IgAN is associated with selective mobilization of VSELs and increased maturation of monocytes towards M2-like and angiopoietic phenotype. These findings contribute to better understanding of the role of regenerative mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in the course of IgAN.
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An R, Schmid R, Klausing A, Robering JW, Weber M, Bäuerle T, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Horch RE, Boos AM, Weigand A. Proangiogenic effects of tumor cells on endothelial progenitor cells vary with tumor type in an in vitro and in vivo rat model. FASEB J 2018; 32:5587-5601. [PMID: 29746168 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800135rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization in tumors. However, the relationship of EPCs and tumor-induced angiogenesis still remains to be clarified. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of 4 different tumor types on angiogenic properties of EPCs in an in vitro and in vivo rat model. It could be demonstrated that in vitro proliferation, migration, and angiogenic abilities and genetic modifications of EPCs are controlled in a tumor-type-dependent manner. The proangiogenic effect of mammary carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells was more pronounced compared to colon carcinoma cells. Coinjection of encapsulated tumor cells, especially mammary carcinoma cells, and EPCs in a rat model confirmed a contributing effect of EPCs in tumor vascularization. Cytokines secreted by tumors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand play a pivotal role in the tumor cell-EPC interaction, leading to enhanced migration and angiogenesis. With the present study, we were able to decipher possible underlying mechanisms by which EPCs are stimulated by tumor cells and contribute to tumor vascularization. The present study will contribute to a better understanding of tumor-induced vascularization, thus facilitating the development of therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-EPC interactions.-An, R., Schmid, R., Klausing, A., Robering, J. W., Weber, M., Bäuerle, T., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A. R., Horch, R. E., Boos, A. M., Weigand, A. Proangiogenic effects of tumor cells on endothelial progenitor cells vary with tumor type in an in vitro and in vivo rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Union Plastic and Aesthetic Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rafael Schmid
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Klausing
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan W Robering
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weber
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Li Y, Liu J, Zhao Z, Wen L, Li H, Ren J, Liu H. Correlation between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and serum carcinoembryonic antigen level in colorectal cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:307-312. [PMID: 29377980 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) play an important role in cancer development. Previous studies showed that serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) in the peripheral blood are both involved in tumor neoangiogenesis, and can be used for monitoring tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. However, the clinical relevance of these biomarkers remains unknown. In this study, 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 17 healthy volunteers were recruited and the amount of cEPCs in the peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. The serum CEA level was determined by CEA-RIACT assay. Results showed that cEPC level positively correlated with the stage of the disease, but not with the age and gender of the patients. Moreover, patients with higher serum CEA levels had higher cEPC levels. These results provide clinical evidence for a correlation between two commonly used biomarkers. Further understanding the role of serum CEA in cEPC-mediated tumor vascularization may improve clinical CRC diagnosis and provide useful insights into the design of therapeutic interventions that target tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheyan Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huili Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Marlicz W, Poniewierska-Baran A, Rzeszotek S, Bartoszewski R, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Starzyńska T, Ratajczak MZ. A novel potential role of pituitary gonadotropins in the pathogenesis of human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189337. [PMID: 29494614 PMCID: PMC5832186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the western world, and its incidence increases with patient age. It is also known that with age there occur changes in the levels of certain hormones, including an increase in the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (PtGs) as a result of the loss of gonadal hormone feedback. We recently reported that functional PtG receptors are expressed in human lung cancer cells, rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Findings Here we report for the first time that the receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are expressed in primary tumor samples isolated from CRC patients as well as in the established human CRC cell lines HTC116 and HTB37. Moreover, we also report that PtGs stimulate chemotaxis, adhesion, and proliferation of these cell lines. Conclusions Our results suggest that PtGs play an important and underappreciated role in CRC pathogenesis, and we call for further studies to better define their role in gastrointestinal malignancies and their direct effect on putative CRC cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States of America
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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