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Goldschagg MGE, Hockman D. FGF18. Differentiation 2023:100735. [PMID: 38007374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
FGF18 was discovered in 1998. It is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates major signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth, and is involved in the development and homeostasis of many tissues such as bone, lung, and central nervous system. The gene consists of five exons that code for a 207 amino acid glycosylated protein. FGF18 is widely expressed in developing and adult chickens, mice, and humans, being seen in the mesenchyme, brain, skeleton, heart, and lungs. Knockout studies of FGF18 in mice lead to perinatal death, characterised by distinct phenotypes such as cleft palate, smaller body size, curved long bones, deformed ribs, and reduced crania. As can be expected from a protein involved in so many functions FGF18 is associated with various diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and most notably various types of cancer such as breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G E Goldschagg
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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2
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Belgacemi R, Cherry C, El Alam I, Frauenpreis A, Glass I, Bellusci S, Danopoulos S, Al Alam D. Preferential FGF18/FGFR activity in pseudoglandular versus canalicular stage human lung fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220002. [PMID: 37701781 PMCID: PMC10493313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is necessary for proper lung branching morphogenesis, alveolarization, and vascular development. Dysregulation of FGF activity has been implicated in various lung diseases. Recently, we showed that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis by regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR) in regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation from pseudoglandular to canalicular stage. We performed siRNA assays to identify the specific FGFR(s) associated with FGF18-induced biological processes. We found that FGF18 increased proliferation and migration in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) from both stages. FGFR2/FGFR4 played a significant role in pseudoglandular stage. HFLF proliferation, while FGFR3/FGFR4 were involved in canalicular stage. FGF18 enhanced HFLF migration through FGFR2 and FGFR4 in pseudoglandular and canalicular stage, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that FGF18 treatment leads to reduced expression of myofibroblast markers (ACTA2 and COL1A1) and increased expression of lipofibroblast markers (ADRP and PPARγ) in both stages HFLF. However, the specific FGF18/FGFR complex involved in this process varies depending on the stage. Our findings suggest that in context of human lung development, FGF18 tends to associate with distinct FGFRs to initiate specific biological processes on mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Cherry
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Imad El Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Frauenpreis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UG-MLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Mosleh B, Schelch K, Mohr T, Klikovits T, Wagner C, Ratzinger L, Dong Y, Sinn K, Ries A, Berger W, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hoetzenecker K, Laszlo V, Dome B, Hegedus B, Jakopovic M, Hoda MA, Grusch M. Circulating FGF18 is decreased in pleural mesothelioma but not correlated with disease prognosis. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2177-2186. [PMID: 37340889 PMCID: PMC10396789 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a relatively rare malignancy with limited treatment options and dismal prognosis. We have previously found elevated FGF18 expression in PM tissue specimens compared with normal mesothelium. The objective of the current study was to further explore the role of FGF18 in PM and evaluate its suitability as a circulating biomarker. METHODS FGF18 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR in cell lines and in silico in datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell lines overexpressing FGF18 were generated by retroviral transduction and cell behavior was investigated by clonogenic growth and transwell assays. Plasma was collected from 40 PM patients, six patients with pleural fibrosis, and 40 healthy controls. Circulating FGF18 was measured by ELISA and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS FGF18 showed high mRNA expression in PM and PM-derived cell lines. PM patients with high FGF18 mRNA expression showed a trend toward longer overall survival (OS) in the TCGA dataset. In PM cells with low endogenous FGF18 expression, forced overexpression of FGF18 resulted in reduced growth but increased migration. Surprisingly, despite the high FGF18 mRNA levels observed in PM, circulating FGF18 protein was significantly lower in PM patients and patients with pleural fibrosis than in healthy controls. No significant association of circulating FGF18 with OS or other disease parameters of PM patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS FGF18 is not a prognostic biomarker in PM. Its role in PM tumor biology and the clinical significance of decreased plasma FGF18 in PM patients warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Mosleh
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Ratzinger
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yawen Dong
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Ries
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Koranyi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Institute of Oncology‐Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- Department for Respiratory Diseases JordanovacUniversity of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Zhou Y, Sun S, Ling T, Chen Y, Zhou R, You Q. The role of fibroblast growth factor 18 in cancers: functions and signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124520. [PMID: 37228502 PMCID: PMC10203589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 18(FGF18) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs). FGF18 is a class of bioactive substances that can conduct biological signals, regulate cell growth, participate in tissue repair and other functions, and can promote the occurrence and development of different types of malignant tumors through various mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent studies of FGF18 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of tumors in digestive, reproductive, urinary, respiratory, motor, and pediatric systems. These findings suggest that FGF18 may play an increasingly important role in the clinical evaluation of these malignancies. Overall, FGF18 can function as an important oncogene at different gene and protein levels, and can be used as a potential new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sizheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongzhong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zaoyang First People’s Hosipital, Zaoyang, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abbate JM, Giannetto A, Arfuso F, Brunetti B, Lanteri G. RT-qPCR Expression Profiles of Selected Oncogenic and Oncosuppressor miRNAs in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212898. [PMID: 36359024 PMCID: PMC9654908 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes or oncosuppressor genes, and their involvement in nearly all cancer-associated processes makes these small molecules promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer, as well as specific targets for cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the expression of 7 miRNAs (miR-18a, miR-18b, miR-22, miR-124, miR-145, miR-21, miR-146b) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine mammary tumors (CMTs) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Twenty-six mammary samples were selected, including 22 CMTs (7 benign; 15 malignant) and 4 control samples (3 normal mammary gland and 1 case of lobular hyperplasia). Oncogenic miR-18a, miR-18b and miR-21 were significantly upregulated in malignant tumors compared with control tissues (p < 0.05). Conversely, oncosuppressor miR-146b was significantly downregulated in benign and malignant mammary tumors compared with control samples (p < 0.05) while, no group-related differences in the expression levels of miR-22, miR-124 and miR-145 were found (p > 0.05). Upregulated miRNAs found here, may regulate genes involved in receptor-mediated carcinogenesis and proteoglycan remodeling in cancer; while miRNA with reduced expression can regulate genes involved in Toll-like receptor and MAPK signaling pathways. According to the results obtained in the current study, the oncogenic and oncosuppressor miRNAs analyzed here are dysregulated in CMTs and the dysregulation of miRNA targets may lead to specific altered cellular processes and key pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Of note, since oncogenic miRNAs predicted to regulate neoplastic cell proliferation and hormonal activities, they may play an active role in neoplastic transformation and/or progression, having mechanistic and prognostic relevance in CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Novoa Díaz MB, Martín MJ, Gentili C. Tumor microenvironment involvement in colorectal cancer progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Providing understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3027-3046. [PMID: 36051330 PMCID: PMC9331520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfavorably due to resistance to current therapies. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of several types of cancer, including CRC. In many subtypes of CRC, hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. However, it can also be associated with other causes. In recent years, studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have demonstrated its importance in the development and progression of CRC. In this tumor nest, several cell types, structures, and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pave the way for the spread of the disease. Cross-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors, which trigger the activation of numerous signaling pathways. Crucial advances in the field of oncology have been made in the last decade. This Minireview aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiveness, focusing on cross-communication between CRC cells and the TME. Through this analysis, our main objective was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global context. Since many treatments for advanced CRC fail due to mechanisms involving chemoresistance, the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the development of novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
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Distinct Gene Expression Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102447. [PMID: 35626050 PMCID: PMC9139196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and metastasis, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis in TNBC remain unknown. To identify transcriptional changes and genes regulating metastatic progression in TNBC, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of primary and matched metastatic tumors using massively parallel RNA sequencing. Methods: We performed gene expression profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) TNBC tissues of patients from two cohorts: the Zurich cohort (n = 31) and the Stavanger cohort (n = 5). Among the 31 patients in the Zurich cohort, 18 had primary TNBC tumors that did not metastasize, and 13 had primary tumors that metastasized (11 paired primary and locoregional recurrences). The Stavanger cohort included five matched primary and metastatic TNBC tumors. Significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs; absolute fold change ≥2, p < 0.05) were identified and subjected to functional analyses. We investigated if there was any overlap between DEGs from both the cohorts with epithelial-to-mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (EMAT) gene signature. xCell was used to estimate relative fractions of 64 immune and stromal cell types in each RNA-seq sample. Results: In the Zurich cohort, we identified 1624 DEGs between primary TNBC tumors and matched metastatic lesions. xCell analysis revealed a significantly higher immune scores for metastatic lesions compared to paired primary tumors in the Zurich cohort. We also found significant upregulation of three MammaPrint signature genes (HRASLS, TGFB3 and RASSF7) in primary tumors that metastasized compared to primary tumors that remained metastasis-free. In the Stavanger cohort, we identified 818 DEGs between primary tumors and matched metastatic lesions. No significant differences in xCell immune scores were observed. We found that 21 and 14 DEGs from Zurich and Stavanger cohort, respectively, overlapped with the EMAT gene signature. In both cohorts, genes belonging to the MMP, FGF, and PDGFR families were upregulated in primary tumors compared to matched metastatic lesions. Conclusions: Our results suggest that distinct gene expression patterns exist between primary TNBCs and matched metastatic tumors. Further studies are warranted to explore whether these discrete expression profiles underlie or result from disease status.
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Guo K, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Han L, Shao C, Feng Y, Gao F, Di S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Tabbò F, Ekman S, Suda K, Cappuzzo F, Han J, Li X, Yan X. HDAC7 promotes NSCLC proliferation and metastasis via stabilization by deubiquitinase USP10 and activation of β-catenin-FGF18 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:91. [PMID: 35277183 PMCID: PMC8915541 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles in cancers, but the role and mechanism of HDAC7 in NSCLC have not been fully understood. Methods A total of 319 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemistry and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between HDAC7, fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) expression, and clinicopathologic characteristics. Cell functional experiments were implemented both in vivo and in vitro to investigate the effects on NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. Recombinant lentivirus–meditated in vivo gene overexpression or knockdown, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were applied to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of HDAC7 in promoting NSCLC progression. Results The elevated expression of HDAC7 or FGF18 was positively correlated with poor prognosis, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and tumor differentiation of NSCLC patients. NSCLC patients with co-expressed HDAC7 and FGF18 suffered the worst prognosis. HDAC7 overexpression promoted NSCLC proliferation and metastasis by upregulating FGF18. Conversely, overexpression of FGF18 reversed the attenuated ability in tumor growth and metastasis mediated by downregulating HDAC7. In terms of mechanism, our results suggested that the interaction of HDAC7 with β-catenin caused decreased β-catenin acetylation level at Lys49 and decreased phosphorylation level at Ser45. As a consequence, the HDAC7-mediated posttranslational modification of β-catenin facilitated nuclear transfer and activated FGF18 expression via binding to TCF4. Furthermore, deubiquitinase USP10 interacted with and stabilized HDAC7. The suppression of USP10 significantly accelerated the degradation of HDAC7 and weakened NSCLC growth and migration. Conclusions Our findings reveal that HDAC7 promotes NSCLC progression through being stabilized by USP10 and activating the β-catenin-FGF18 pathway. Targeting this novel pathway may be a promising strategy for further developments in NSCLC therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02266-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 8 Dongdajie Road, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 161 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Changjian Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China
| | - Fabrizio Tabbò
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Simon Ekman
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Regina Elena", via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an , 710038, China.
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Wu J, Tao X, Zhang H, Yi XH, Yu YH. Estrogen-Induced Stromal FGF18 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells Through ERK and Akt Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6767-6777. [PMID: 32801905 PMCID: PMC7414926 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estrogen promoted the proliferation and invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells through paracrine FGFs in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Patients and Methods We screened gene alterations in a primary ESC culture after 10 nM estrogen treatment using an Agilent mRNA microarray. We knocked down stromal FGF18 expression in a co-culture system and aimed to explore the contribution of E2-induced stromal FGF18 to the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. To determine the effective receptors and detailed downstream signaling of FGF18, we co-cultured estrogen-treated hESCs with FGFR1-, FGFR2-, FGFR3- or FGFR4-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, we detected FGF18 expression in clinical samples, including several primary cultures of different ESCs and a series of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 90 patients with EC. Results A few genes altered significantly in estrogen-treated primary ESCs, but only FGF18 was noticeably enhanced among the FGF family genes. Knockdown of FGF18 expression in hESCs inhibited the promoting effect of FGF18 on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. FGF18 bound FGFR2 and FGFR3 in Ishikawa cells to activate downstream ERK and Akt pathways and to promote the viability of EC cells. The FGF18-FGFR2 and FGF18-FGFR3 pathways had close correlations with Survivin and CD44V6 expression but not with P53. Primary ESCs of endometrioid EC (EEC, type I EC) had higher FGF18 expression than ESCs of normal endometrium (NE), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and type II EC. Conclusion Estrogen induced FGF18 in ESCs to promote the proliferation and invasion of EC cells, and FGFR inhibitors should be considered as promising candidate targets for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Hua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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