Long non‑coding RNA MCM3AP‑AS1 drives ovarian cancer progression via the microRNA‑143‑3p/TAK1 axis

Therapeutic potential of miRNAs in placental extracellular vesicles in ovarian and endometrial cancer

There is a cross-link between the placenta and cancer development, as the placenta is grown as a highly invasive tumour-like organ. However, placental development is strictly controlled. Although the underlying mechanism of this control is largely unknown, it is now well-recognised that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the placenta play an important role in controlling placenta proliferation and invasion, as placental EVs have shown their effect on regulating maternal adaptation. Better understanding the tumour-like mechanism of the placenta could help to develop a therapeutic potential in cancers. In this study, by RNA sequencing of placental EVs, 20 highly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in placental EVs were selected and analysed for their functions on ovarian and endometrial cancer. There were up to seven enriched miRNAs, including miRNA-199a-3p, miRNA-143-3p, and miRNA-519a-5p in placental EVs showing effects on the inhibition of ovarian and endometrial cancer cell proliferation and migration, and promotion of cancer cell death, reported in the literature. Most of these miRNAs have been reported to be downregulated in ovarian and endometrial cancer. Transfection of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells with mimics of miRNA-199a-3p, miRNA-143-3p, and miRNA-519a-5p significantly reduced the cell viability. Our findings could provide strategies for using these naturally occurring miRNAs to develop a novel method to treat ovarian and endometrial cancer in the future.

ncRNA-mediated low expression of P2RY14 correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in ovarian carcinoma

Background

Ovarian cancer (OV) has been puzzling clinicians because of its poor prognosis. More and more evidence show that the G protein coupled receptor P2RY14 plays a key role in the initiation and progression of various types of human cancer. The purpose of our study is to explore the correlation between P2RY14 and the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients and the relevant mechanism.

Methods

First, the differentially expressed gene P2RY14 was screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Explored possible P2RY14 related miRNAs and lncRNAs through multiple public databases, predicted and analyzed the expression level of candidate miRNAs and candidate lncRNAs that can bind to candidate miRNAs in OV through StarBase database. The TIMER database was used to comprehensively analyze the expression of tumor infiltrating immune cells, and to analyze the correlation between the expression level of P2RY14 and the level of immune cell infiltration in OV or the expression level of immune checkpoints.

Results

Patients with P2RY14 overexpression had better overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). In the Targetscan database, 22 upstream miRNAs that may bind to P2RY14 were predicted. According to the regulatory network constructed by the Cytoscape software, correlation analysis and the role of miRNAs in the prognosis of OV, we first determined that the candidate miRNAs were miR-34c-5p. Then, we predicted the upstream lncRNAs of miR-34c-5p in the StarBase database, the expression level of these lncRNAs in OV in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, and the role in prognosis. We determined that LINC00665 is the most potential lncRNA upstream of ovarian cancer miRNA (hsa-miR-34c-5p)-P2RY14. Then, we analyzed the results in the Timer database, suggesting that P2RY14 expression was positively correlated with CD8⁺T Cell, CD4⁺T Cell, Macrophage, Neutral and Dendritic cells, and negatively correlated with B cells. Meanwhile, P2RY14 was positively correlated with CD274 and PDCD1.

Conclusions

P2RY14 can be used as a new predictive biomarker of ovarian cancer. Intervention of P2RY14 can affect the prognosis of ovarian cancer by affecting LINC00665-miR-34c-5p-P2RY14 axis. These findings provide a potential target for the development of anti-cancer strategies for ovarian cancer.

The role of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in human cancer

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play pivotal roles in every level of gene and genome regulation. MCM3AP-AS1 is a lncRNA that has an oncogenic role in several kinds of cancers. Aberrant expression of MCM3AP-AS1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse malignancies, including colorectal, cervical, prostate, lymphoma, lung, ovary, liver, bone, and breast cancers. It is generally believed that MCM3AP-AS1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting various signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) presents an important role in cancer pathogenesis. MCM3AP-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA has the ability to sponge miRNA, inhibit their expressions, and bind to different target mRNAs related to cancer development. Therefore, MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting several signaling pathways, including the FOX family, Wnt, EGF, and VEGF can be a potent target for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in various human cancers.

MCM3AP-AS1: A LncRNA Participating in the Tumorigenesis of Cancer Through Multiple Pathways

Background:

More and more shreds of evidence show that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the abnormal expression of LncRNA. A large number of experiments have found that overexpression or under-expression of MCM3AP-AS1 can affect the occurrence and development of cancer cells in varying degrees, such as proliferation, invasion, and translocation. Besides, MCM3AP-AS1 may become a promising target for many tumor biotherapies. This article reviews the pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1 in various tumors.

Methods:

This paper systematically summarizes the published literatures in PubMed. The molecular mechanism of MCM3AP-AS1 in a variety of tumors is reviewed.

Results:

The abnormal expression of MCM3AP-AS1 in different tumors is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration. MCM3AP-AS1 mediates or participates in related signaling pathways to regulate the expression of targeted miRNAs and proteins. MCM3AP-AS1 plays a vital role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:

LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is a feasible tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target for many kinds of tumors.

Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the largest class of noncoding RNAs and play significant roles in the development of cardiovascular pathologies. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether 4 candidate lncRNAs - MIAT, MEG3, MALAT1, and MCM3AP-AS1 - have distinct expression levels in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and reveal the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of these lncRNAs for CAD. A total of 90 patients who subjected to coronary angiography were enrolled. Relative expression of lncRNAs were assayed using qRT-PCR methodology. As a result, MIAT was downregulated, while MEG3 was upregulated in CAD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that these lncRNAs have a high potential to provide sensitive and specific diagnosis of CAD. The calculated area under curve levels indicated that MIAT and MEG3 have high diagnostic value for detecting the presence of significant CAD. However, MALAT1 and MCM3AP-AS1 levels were not sufficiently reliable for CAD development in our cases. Here, we demonstrate that MIAT and MEG3 were differentially expressed in our patients and might be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAD. These results indicate that MIAT and MEG3 could play chief roles in CAD development.