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Ndoye SF, Tine Y, Seck I, Ba LA, Ka S, Ciss I, Ba A, Sokhna S, Ndao M, Gueye RS, Gaye N, Diop A, Costa J, Paolini J, Seck M. Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Dried Seeds of Xylopia aethiopica. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:3923479. [PMID: 38384403 PMCID: PMC10881248 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3923479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from dried seeds of Xylopia aethiopica. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The essential oil yield was 1.35%. Forty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil with 1,8-cineole (16.3%), β-pinene (14.8%), trans-pinocarveol (9.1%), myrtenol (8.3%), α-pinene (5.9%), and terpinen-4-ol (5.6%) as major components. The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was studied using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods on four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungus (Candida albicans). The essential oil exhibited excellent activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans and moderate activity against E. coli. Among all strains tested, C. albicans showed the best sensitivity with a MIC of 50 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity was examined using a DPPH-free radical scavenging assay. The essential oil of X. aethiopica showed low antioxidant activity (IC50 = 784.604 ± 0.320 mg/mL) compared to that of ascorbic acid and the reference compound (IC50 = 0.163 ± 0.003 mg/mL). The results indicate that consumption of X. aethiopica seeds can reduce the virulence of food-borne pathogens and their resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samba Fama Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Yoro Tine
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Insa Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique (LCCO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Lalla Aicha Ba
- Université Amadou Mahtar MBOW, BP 45927 Dakar Nafa VDN, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Seydou Ka
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Ismaila Ciss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Abda Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Seynabou Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Moussa Ndao
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya Sylla Gueye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Nango Gaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Abdoulaye Diop
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Jean Costa
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, Corte F-20250, France
| | - Julien Paolini
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, Corte F-20250, France
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
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Du S, Wang M, Wei N, Mwachala G, Hu G, Wu L, Wang S, Wang Q. Contributions to the Flora of Tropical East Africa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1336. [PMID: 36987024 PMCID: PMC10056497 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical East Africa (TEA) is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet. Its rich flora diversity and inventory have been clearly recognized after the publication of the last volume of the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA) in 2012. However, many new and newly recorded taxa have been named and documented since the publication of the first volume of FTEA in 1952. In this study, we comprehensively compiled new taxa and new records by reviewing the literature on the taxonomic contributions of vascular plants in TEA from 1952 to 2022. Our list includes 444 new and newly recorded species belonging to 81 families and 218 genera. Among these taxa, 94.59% of the plants are endemic to TEA and 48.42% are herbs. Additionally, members of Rubiaceae and Aloe are the most numerous family and genus respectively. These new taxa are unevenly distributed in TEA, but are found mainly in areas of high species richness, such as coastal, central and western areas of Kenya, central and southeastern Tanzania. This study offers summative assessment of the newly recorded flora inventory in TEA and provides recommendations for future research on plant diversity survey and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Du
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miaoxuan Wang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Neng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 45166 00100, Kenya
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Couvreur TLP, Dagallier LPMJ, Crozier F, Ghogue JP, Hoekstra PH, Kamdem NG, Johnson DM, Murray NA, Sonké B. Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45. PHYTOKEYS 2022; 207:1-532. [PMID: 36760862 PMCID: PMC9849070 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Annonaceae is a major pantropical family with 113 genera and about 2550 species. Cameroon is one of the most biodiverse countries in Africa but its flora remains incompletely known. In this volume of the Flora of Cameroon, we describe 166 native taxa representing 163 species in 28 native genera within the family Annonaceae. A total of 22 species (about 13%) are endemic to the country. We provide keys to all native genera, species, and infraspecific taxa. For each species a detailed morphological description and a map of its distribution in Cameroon are provided. Distribution maps and diversity analyses are based on a taxonomically verified database of 2073 collections. Across Africa, Cameroon is a center of diversity for Annonaceae harboring one of the highest numbers of species and genera. For example, Cameroon harbors the highest number of African species for the only pantropical genus of Annonaceae, Xylopia. Annonaceae are found across all 10 administrative regions of Cameroon but diversity is concentrated within the tropical rain forest areas situated in the south and South-West. The areas around Bipindi and Mount Cameroon show the highest levels of diversity, but this is correlated with collection effort. Line drawings and/or photographs accompany most species. One species new to science Uvariopsisetugeana Dagallier & Couvreur sp. nov. is described. We also undertake a number of nomenclatural changes such as lectotypifications, six new synonymies and two new combinations (Uvariaanisotricha (Le Thomas) Couvreur, comb. nov.; Uvariodendronfuscumvar.giganteum (Engl.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. nov.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. P. Couvreur
- IRD, DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, NetherlandsUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Francoise Crozier
- IRD, DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Ghogue
- Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Green Connexion, Environmental Group, siège face GP Mélen, à côté de l’immeuble Palais des verres. Yaoundé, CamerounGreen ConnexionYaoundéCameroon
| | - Paul H. Hoekstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, NetherlandsUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Narcisse G. Kamdem
- Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - David M. Johnson
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USAOhio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareUnited States of America
| | - Nancy A. Murray
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USAOhio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareUnited States of America
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:4524877. [PMID: 35098133 PMCID: PMC8799360 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xylopic acid (XA), the major constituent of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica, has shown several pharmacological properties. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat several diseases and is being used in the preparation of several local foods despite the lack of information about its safety, food-drug interaction, and other pharmacokinetic properties. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of XA on rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Methods Inhibition or induction of some isoforms of CYP450 enzymes: CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2B1/2B2, 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 were investigated using microsomal fractions of the liver obtained from rats pretreated with a low dose of xylopic acid (LDT) 30 mg/kg, high dose of xylopic acid (HDT) 100 mg/kg, phenobarbitone (PC) 80 mg/kg, and ketoconazole (NC) 100 mg/kg, and a no-treatment group received distilled water, with (n = 5) animals in each group. The in vitro inhibition of CYP 3A4 was assessed by treating rat liver microsomes with XA. Results Xylopic acid induced CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2D6, and 2C9, inhibited CYP 3A4, and had no effect on 2B1/2B2. Conclusion The findings would help mitigate toxicity and therapeutic failure especially in cases of coadministration of medications with food containing XA, with metabolism altered by the latter.
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Alcàntara-Rodríguez M, Françozo M, Van Andel T. Looking into the flora of Dutch Brazil: botanical identifications of seventeenth century plant illustrations in the Libri Picturati. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19736. [PMID: 34611224 PMCID: PMC8492696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Libri Picturati includes a collection of plant illustrations from seventeenth century Dutch Brazil that is kept in the Jagiellonian library in Krakow since World War II. While many studies focused on the artistic details and history of these images, we identified the flora depicted. We used contemporary textual sources (e.g., Historia Naturalis Brasiliae), monographs and taxonomist' assessments. We checked origin, life form, domestication and conservation status and the plant parts that are represented. We identified 198 taxa, consisting mostly of wild, native rainforest trees and 35 introduced species. Fertile branches are the most represented, although some loose dry fruits and sterile material were also painted, which sheds light into the collection methods by naturalists in Dutch Brazil. Several species are no longer abundant or have become invasive due to anthropogenic influences since colonialism. Through this botanical iconography, we traced the first records of the sunflower and the Ethiopian pepper in Brazil, as well as the dispersion and assimilation of the flora encountered in the colony by Indigenous, African and European peoples. We emphasized the relevance of combining visual and textual sources when studying natural history collections and we highlighted how digitalization makes these artistic and scientific collections more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Françozo
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Archaeology, Associate Professor in Museum Studies, PI ERC BRASILIAE Project, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tinde Van Andel
- Institute for Biology, Clusius Chair in History of Botany and Gardens, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Texier N, Dauby G, Bidault E, Lowry PP, Ikabanga DU, Stévart T. An efficient method for defining plant species under High Conservation Value (HCV) criterion 1 based on the IUCN Red List criteria: A case study using species endemic to Gabon. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Djiazet S, Kenfack LBM, Devi PB, Nazareth MS, Tchiégang C, Shetty PH. Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of underutilized spices from Central Africa. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:1110-1123. [PMID: 33678893 PMCID: PMC7884570 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of some underutilized Cameroon spice extracts, viz. The fruit of Xylopia africana, the fruit and the bulb of Aframomum sulcatum; and the bark of Hypodaphnis zenkeri. Four different solvent combinations were used for extraction of phytochemicals. Highest total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents were observed in X. africana extract 10.32 ± 0.49 g gallic acid eq/100 g of dry matter, 146.66 ± 4.15 mg quercetin eq/100 g of dry matter, 452.44 ± 2.7 mg tannic acid eq/100 g spices dry matter. Methanol extracts revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid (0.790-4.312), vanillic acid (0.830-19.768), epicatechin (25.386-34.707), p-coumaric acid (1.127-12.652), protosynapic acid (0.221-186.562) and T-cinnamic acid (3.794-52.58) mg/100 g dry spice by HPLC analysis. Extracts of X. africana and H. zenkeri exhibited higher antioxidant activity: DPPH (182.24 ± 2.41 mg ascorbic acid eq/g dry spice), ABTS (9.247 ± 0.004 g trolox eq/100 g spice), hydroxyl free radicals (729.27 ± 3.07 mg mannitol eq/100 g spice) and reducing power (2.351 ± 0.002 g ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g spice). Positive and high correlations existed between the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained with different methods and their corresponding phenolic content. Extract of A. sulcatum highly inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase whereas, X. africana and H. zenkeri extracts highly inhibited α-amylase (98.82 and 99.54% respectively). These spices could be utilized as natural antioxidant sources for the management oxidative stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stève Djiazet
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon, 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Laurette Blandine Mezajoug Kenfack
- Department of Food Engineering and Quality Control (GACQ), University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Clergé Tchiégang
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon, 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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Li B, Xu F. Homology and functions of inner staminodes in Anaxagorea javanica (Annonaceae). AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa057. [PMID: 33343856 PMCID: PMC7733590 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inner staminodes are widespread in Magnoliales and present in Anaxagorea and Xylopia, but were lost in the other genera of Annonaceae and have no counterparts in derived angiosperms. The coexistence of normal stamens, modified stamens and inner staminodes in Anaxagorea javanica is essential to understand the homology and pollination function of the inner staminodes. Anaxagorea javanica was subjected to an anatomical study by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the chemistry of secretions was evaluated by an amino acid analyser. Inner staminodes have a secretory apex, but do not have thecae. They bend towards either tepals or carpels at different floral stages, and function as a physical barrier preventing autogamy and promoting outcrossing. At the pistillate phase, the exudates from the inner staminodes have high concentration of amino acid, and provide attraction to pollinating insects; while abundant proline was only detected in stigmas exudates, and supply for pollen germination. Modified stamens have a secretory apex and one or two thecae, which are as long as or shorter than that of the normal stamens. As transitional structures, modified stamens imply a possible degeneration progress from normal stamens to inner staminodes: generating a secretory apex first, shortening of the thecae length next and then followed by the loss of thecae. The presence of modified stamens together with the floral vasculature and ontogeny imply that the inner staminodes are homologous with stamens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xue B, Guo X, Landis JB, Sun M, Tang CC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Saunders RMK. Accelerated diversification correlated with functional traits shapes extant diversity of the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 142:106659. [PMID: 31639525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of phylogenetic systematics is to understand both the patterns of diversification and the processes by which these patterns are formed. Few studies have focused on the ancient, species-rich Magnoliales clade and its diversification pattern. Within Magnoliales, the pantropically distributed Annonaceae are by far the most genus-rich and species-rich family-level clade, with c. 110 genera and c. 2,400 species. We investigated the diversification patterns across Annonaceae and identified traits that show varied associations with diversification rates using a time-calibrated phylogeny of 835 species (34.6% sampling) and 11,211 aligned bases from eight regions of the plastid genome (rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL, trnS-G, and ycf1). Twelve rate shifts were identified using BAMM: in Annona, Artabotrys, Asimina, Drepananthus, Duguetia, Goniothalamus, Guatteria, Uvaria, Xylopia, the tribes Miliuseae and Malmeeae, and the Desmos-Dasymaschalon-Friesodielsia-Monanthotaxis clade. TurboMEDUSA and method-of-moments estimator analyses showed largely congruent results. A positive relationship between species richness and diversification rate is revealed using PGLS. Our results show that the high species richness in Annonaceae is likely the result of recent increased diversification rather than the steady accumulation of species via the 'museum model'. We further explore the possible role of selected traits (habit, pollinator trapping, floral sex expression, pollen dispersal unit, anther septation, and seed dispersal unit) in shaping diversification patterns, based on inferences of BiSSE, MuSSE, HiSSE, and FiSSE analyses. Our results suggest that the liana habit, the presence of circadian pollinator trapping, androdioecy, and the dispersal of seeds as single-seeded monocarp fragments are closely correlated with higher diversification rates; pollen aggregation and anther septation, in contrast, are associated with lower diversification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xue
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - X Guo
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Current address: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - J B Landis
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - M Sun
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - C C Tang
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - P S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - D E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R M K Saunders
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Pirie MD, Chatrou LW, Maas PJM. A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species. PHYTOKEYS 2018; 112:1-141. [PMID: 30524186 PMCID: PMC6277488 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a taxonomic revision of Cremastosperma, a genus of Neotropical Annonaceae occurring in lowland to premontane wet forest, mostly in areas surrounding the Andean mountain chain. We recognise 34 species, describing five as new here: from east of the Andes, C.brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, sp. nov. and C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, sp. nov., endemic to Peru; C.confusum Pirie, sp. nov., from southern Peru and adjacent Bolivia and Brazil; and C.alticola Pirie & Chatrou, sp. nov., at higher elevations in northern Peru and Ecuador; and from west of the Andes, C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, sp. nov. endemic to Costa Rica, the most northerly distributed species of the genus. We provide an identification key, document diagnostic characters and distributions and provide illustrations and extensive lists of specimens, also presenting the latter in the form of mapping data with embedded links to images available online. Of the 34 species, 22 are regional endemics. On the basis of the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of species estimated from the distribution data, we designate IUCN threat categries for all species. Fourteen species proved to be endangered (EN) and a further one critically endangered (CR), reflecting their rarity and narrow known distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Pirie
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 9a, 55099 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-UniversitätMainzGermany
| | - Lars W. Chatrou
- Wageningen University and Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
- Ghent University, Systematic and Evolutionary Botany lab, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Paul J. M. Maas
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsNaturalis Biodiversity CenterWageningenNetherlands
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