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Labib K, Pizzolato D, Stappers PJ, Evans N, Lechner I, Widdershoven G, Bouter L, Dierickx K, Bergema K, Tijdink J. Using co-creation methods for research integrity guideline development - how, what, why and when? Account Res 2024; 31:531-556. [PMID: 36472097 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2154154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Existing research integrity (RI) guideline development methods are limited in including various perspectives. While co-creation methods could help to address this, there is little information available to researchers and practitioners on how, why and when to use co-creation for developing RI guidelines, nor what the outcomes of co-creation methods are. In this paper, we aim to address this gap. First, we discuss how co-creation methods can be used for RI guideline development, based on our experience of developing RI guidelines. We elaborate on steps including preparation of the aims and design; participant sensitization; organizing and facilitating workshops; and analyzing data and translating them into guidelines. Secondly, we present the resulting RI guidelines, to show what the outcome of co-creation methods are. Thirdly, we reflect on why and when researchers might want to use co-creation methods for developing RI guidelines. We discuss that stakeholder engagement and inclusion of diverse perspectives are key strengths of co-creation methods. We also reflect that co-creation methods have the potential to make guidelines implementable if followed by additional steps such as revision working groups. We conclude that co-creation methods are a valuable approach to creating new RI guidelines when used together with additional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishma Labib
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Pizzolato
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jan Stappers
- ID-StudioLab, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Evans
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Lechner
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Widdershoven
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lex Bouter
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kris Dierickx
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katinka Bergema
- Zwaluw | Innovation & Collaboration & VanWaarde, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Tijdink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Debets MPM, Jansen I, Diepeveen M, Bogerd R, Molewijk BAC, Widdershoven GAM, Lombarts KMJMH. Compassionate care through the eyes of patients and physicians: An interview study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305007. [PMID: 38985731 PMCID: PMC11236150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although compassion is a crucial element of physicians' professional performance and high-quality care, research shows it often remains an unmet need of patients. Understanding patients' and physicians' perspectives on compassionate care may provide insights that can be used to foster physicians' ability to respond to patients' compassion needs. Therefore, this study aims to understand how both patients and physicians experience the concept and practice of compassionate care. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight patients and ten resident physicians at a University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Using thematic analysis, we separately coded patient and resident transcripts to identify themes capturing their experiences of compassionate care. This study was part of a larger project to develop an educational intervention to improve compassion in residents. RESULTS For both patients and residents, we identified four themes encompassing compassionate care: being there, empathizing, actions to relieve patients' suffering, and connection. For residents, a fifth theme was professional fulfillment (resulting from compassionate care). Although patients and residents both emphasized the importance of compassionate care, patients did not always perceive the physician-patient encounter as compassionate. According to residents, high workloads and time pressures hindered their ability to provide compassionate care. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Patients and residents have similar and varying understandings of compassionate care at the same time. Understanding these differences can aid compassion in medical practice. Based on the findings, three topics are suggested to improve compassion in residents: (1) train residents how to ask for patients' compassion needs, (2) address residents' limiting beliefs about the concept and practice of compassion, and (3) acknowledge the art and science of medicine cannot be separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P. M. Debets
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Jansen
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Diepeveen
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Bogerd
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bert A. C. Molewijk
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy A. M. Widdershoven
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki M. J. M. H. Lombarts
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Labib K, Evans N, Pizzolato D, Aubert Bonn N, Widdershoven G, Bouter L, Konach T, Langendam M, Dierickx K, Tijdink J. Co-creating Research Integrity Education Guidelines for Research Institutions. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 37470823 PMCID: PMC10359202 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-023-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
To foster research integrity (RI), research institutions should develop a continuous RI education approach, addressing various target groups. To support institutions to achieve this, we developed RI education guidelines together with RI experts and research administrators, exploring similarities and differences in recommendations across target groups, as well as recommendations about RI education using approaches other than formal RI training. We used an iterative co-creative process. We conducted four half-day online co-creation workshops with 16 participants in total, which were informed by the RI education evidence-base. In the first two workshops, participants generated ideas for guidelines' content, focusing on different target groups and various approaches to RI education. Based on this content we developed first drafts of the guidelines. Participants in the third and fourth workshop refined those drafts. We next organized a working group which further prioritized, reorganized, and optimized the content of the guidelines. We developed four guidelines on RI education focusing on (a) bachelor, master and PhD students; (b) post-doctorate and senior researchers; (c) other RI stakeholders; as well as (d) continuous RI education. Across guidelines, we recommend mandatory RI training; follow-up refresher training; informal discussions about RI; appropriate rewards and incentives for active participation in RI education; and evaluation of RI educational events. Our work provides experience-based co-created guidance to research institutions on what to consider when developing a successful RI education strategy. Each guideline is offered as a distinct, publicly available tool in our toolbox ( www.sops4ri.eu/toolbox ) which institutions can access, adapt and implement to meet their institution-specific RI education needs.Trial registration https://osf.io/zej5b .
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishma Labib
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Natalie Evans
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Pizzolato
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Noémie Aubert Bonn
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Widdershoven
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lex Bouter
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teodora Konach
- Austrian Agency for Research Integrity, Landstraßer Hauptstraße 9, TOP 21, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miranda Langendam
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kris Dierickx
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Joeri Tijdink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Hoof M, Evans N, Inguaggiato G, Marušić A, Gordijn B, Dierickx K, van Zeggeren D, Dunnik H, Gesinn A, Bouter L, Widdershoven G. The Embassy of Good Science - a community driven initiative to promote ethics and integrity in research. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 2:27. [PMID: 37767226 PMCID: PMC10521075 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14422.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Embassy of Good Science ( https://www.embassy.science) aims to improve research integrity and research ethics by offering an online, open, 'go-to' platform, which brings together information on research integrity and research ethics and makes that information accessible, understandable, and appealing. It effectively organizes and describes research integrity and research ethics guidelines, educational materials, cases, and scenarios. The Embassy is wiki-based, allowing users to add -- when logged in with their ORCID researcher id -- new information, and update and refine existing information. The platform also makes the research integrity and research ethics community visible and more accessible in pages dedicated to relevant initiatives, news and events. Therefore, the Embassy enables researchers to find useful guidance, rules and tools to conduct research responsibly. The platform empowers researchers through increased knowledge and awareness, and through the support of the research integrity and research ethics community. In this article we will discuss the background of this new platform, the way in which it is organized, and how users can contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc van Hoof
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Evans
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Inguaggiato
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Split-Dalmatia, HR-21000, Croatia
| | - Bert Gordijn
- Institute of Ethics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, 9, Ireland
| | - Kris Dierickx
- Interfaculty Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Harald Dunnik
- Momkai BV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1013 NJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lex Bouter
- Department of Philosophy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Widdershoven
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - EnTIRE and VIRT2UE consortia
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Split-Dalmatia, HR-21000, Croatia
- Institute of Ethics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, 9, Ireland
- Interfaculty Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Momkai BV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1013 NJ, The Netherlands
- Gesinn.it, Schwarzenfeld, 92521, Germany
- Department of Philosophy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Koterwas A, Dwojak-Matras A, Kalinowska K. Dialogical teaching of research integrity: an overview of selected methods. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication discusses the dialogical methods of teaching research integrity and ethics as a part of the positive integrity trend focused on supporting ethical behaviour. The aim of this paper is to offer a brief overview of the selected dialogical strategies based on cases that can be successfully implemented in teaching ethical research and when sharing experiences on good scientific practice. We describe such methods as: storytelling, rotatory role playing, and the fishbowl debate, along with the “Dilemma Game” tool, “ConscienceApp” performance, and a flipped classroom idea. These theoretical considerations are based on research conducted as part of a European project under the Horizon 2020 programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koterwas
- Educational Research Institute (IBE), Warsaw Poland
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kalinowska
- Educational Research Institute (IBE), Warsaw Poland
- Collegium Civitas, Warsaw Poland
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