|
1
|
Maier SR, Brooke S, De Clippele LH, de Froe E, van der Kaaden AS, Kutti T, Mienis F, van Oevelen D. On the paradox of thriving cold-water coral reefs in the food-limited deep sea. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1768-1795. [PMID: 37236916 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The deep sea is amongst the most food-limited habitats on Earth, as only a small fraction (<4%) of the surface primary production is exported below 200 m water depth. Here, cold-water coral (CWC) reefs form oases of life: their biodiversity compares with tropical coral reefs, their biomass and metabolic activity exceed other deep-sea ecosystems by far. We critically assess the paradox of thriving CWC reefs in the food-limited deep sea, by reviewing the literature and open-access data on CWC habitats. This review shows firstly that CWCs typically occur in areas where the food supply is not constantly low, but undergoes pronounced temporal variation. High currents, downwelling and/or vertically migrating zooplankton temporally boost the export of surface organic matter to the seabed, creating 'feast' conditions, interspersed with 'famine' periods during the non-productive season. Secondly, CWCs, particularly the most common reef-builder Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa), are well adapted to these fluctuations in food availability. Laboratory and in situ measurements revealed their dietary flexibility, tissue reserves, and temporal variation in growth and energy allocation. Thirdly, the high structural and functional diversity of CWC reefs increases resource retention: acting as giant filters and sustaining complex food webs with diverse recycling pathways, the reefs optimise resource gains over losses. Anthropogenic pressures, including climate change and ocean acidification, threaten this fragile equilibrium through decreased resource supply, increased energy costs, and dissolution of the calcium-carbonate reef framework. Based on this review, we suggest additional criteria to judge the health of CWC reefs and their chance to persist in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Maier
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, Nuuk, 3900, Greenland
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brooke
- Coastal & Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL, 32327, USA
| | - Laurence H De Clippele
- Changing Oceans Research Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Evert de Froe
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystem Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute at Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, Den Burg (Texel), 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Selma van der Kaaden
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Kutti
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen, NO-5817, Norway
| | - Furu Mienis
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, Den Burg (Texel), 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Dick van Oevelen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Vaga CF, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD. Re-synonymization of the genus Deltocyathoides with Peponocyathus (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Turbinoliidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5271:595-598. [PMID: 37518106 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Vaga
- Center for Marine Biology; University of São Paulo; 11602-109; São Sebastião; Brazil.; Graduate Program in Zoology; Department of Zoology; Institute of Biosciences; University of São Paulo; 05508-090 São Paulo; Brazil..
| | - M V Kitahara
- Center for Marine Biology; University of São Paulo; 11602-109; São Sebastião; Brazil.; Department of Invertebrate Zoology; Smithsonian Institution; Washington; DC 20560-0163 United States of America.
| | - S D Cairns
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; Smithsonian Institution; Washington; DC 20560-0163 United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Three New Species of the Sun Coral Genus Tubastraea (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) from Hong Kong, China. Zool Stud 2022; 61:e45. [PMID: 36568806 PMCID: PMC9745568 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2022.61-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tubastraea is a genus of azooxanthellate scleractinian corals belonging to the family Dendrophylliidae, which are commonly called sun corals. This genus currently has only seven recognized species. In this paper, we report three new species of Tubastraea, including T. dendroida sp. nov., which has a tree-like colony, T. violacea sp. nov., which has violet polyps, and T. chloromura sp. nov., which has olive green polyps. These species are distinct in their septal structures, as well as their rDNA sequences including the entire ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2, and a segment of the 18S and 28S genes.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT. Erratum: Corrigendum: Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/ 10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697. Zookeys 2022; 1129:197-200. [PMID: 36761849 PMCID: PMC9836465 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1129.95715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoleka N. Filander
- Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and Environment, Cape Town, South Africa,Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Marcelo V. Kitahara
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Santos, Brazil,Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
| | - Stephen D. Cairns
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kerry J. Sink
- Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda T. Lombard
- Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|