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Ford KL, Albert JS. Is the medium the message? Functional diversity across abiotic gradients in freshwater electric fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:945-957. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions across abiotic gradients can occur among habitats at multiple spatial scales, and among taxa and biotas through a range of ecological and evolutionary time frames. Two diverse groups of electric fishes, Neotropical Gymnotiformes and Afrotropical Mormyroidea, offer interesting examples of potentially convergent evolution in aspects of morphological, physiological, and life history traits. We examined biogeographical, morphological, and functional patterns across these two groups to assess the degree of convergence in association with abiotic environmental variables. While there are superficial similarities across the groups and continents, we found substantially more differences in terms of habitat occupancy, electric signal diversity, and morphological disparity. These differences likely correlate to differences in biogeographical histories across the Neotropics and Afrotropics, biotic factors associated with aquatic life and electric signals, and sampling issues plaguing both groups. Additional research and sampling are required to make further inferences about how electric fishes transition throughout diverse freshwater habitats across both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary scales. We find little evidence that abiotic gradients in the freshwater habitat medium have driven convergent evolution of functional traits in these two continental radiations of electric fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L Ford
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Universität Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
| | - James S Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
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Damadi E, Moghaddam FY, Ghassemzadeh F, Ghanbarifardi M. Plectorhinchus makranensis (Teleostei, Haemulidae), a new species of sweetlips from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Zookeys 2020; 980:141-154. [PMID: 33192142 PMCID: PMC7642193 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.980.50934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plectorhinchus makranensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of 16 specimens from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, in the Northwest Indian Ocean. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of dorsal fin rays XII, 18-20, pectoral-fin rays 16-17, tubed lateral-line scales 55-57, gill rakers count (10-12 on the upper limb and 16-17 on the lower limb), 17-18 scales between the lateral line and the first anal-fin spine, 30-31 circumpeduncular scale rows and color pattern. Plectorhinchus makranensis sp. nov. is distinguished from P. schotaf by having the posterior margin of the opercular membrane grey (vs. red in P. schotaf), fewer circumpeduncular scale rows, and a shorter base of the soft portion of the dorsal fin, 27.6-29.4% of standard length (SL) (vs. 31-32.3% of SL in P. schotaf). The new species resembles P. sordidus but is differentiated from it by having more gill rakers, a smaller orbit diameter 27.5-32.1% of head length (HL) (vs. 35.5-37.2% of HL in P. sordidus), a longer caudal peduncle 19.2-21.3% of SL (vs. 17.1-17.9% of SL in P. sordidus), and the first to third pectoral-fin rays light gray (vs. dark gray in P. sordidus). The new species can also be distinguished from the other species, including P. schotaf and P. sordidus, based on COI and Cyt b molecular markers. The phylogenetic position of this new species indicates that it is a sister taxon of P. schotaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Damadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran University of Ferdowsi Mashhad Iran
| | - Faezeh Yazdani Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran University of Ferdowsi Mashhad Iran.,Zoological Innovations Research Department, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghassemzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran University of Ferdowsi Mashhad Iran.,Zoological Innovations Research Department, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghanbarifardi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan Iran
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Mambo Baba T, Kisekelwa T, Danadu Mizani C, Decru E, Vreven E. Hidden species diversity in Marcusenius moorii (Teleostei: Mormyridae) from the Congo Basin. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1100-1122. [PMID: 31820447 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New collections from the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) and Okapi Wildlife Reserve (OWR) revealed the presence of two groups of specimens similar to, but different from Marcusenius moorii. To study both these groups, an integrated morphological and genetic (mtDNA, cytb) approach was used. This study revealed that one of the two groups is conspecific with Marcusenius lambouri, a junior synonym of M. moorii, which is herein revalidated, with M. moorii longulus as its junior synonym. Marcusenius lambouri differs from M. moorii by a higher number of lateral line scales (44-46 vs. 40-43), a shorter pectoral-fin length (14.6-19.9 vs. 20.3-25.2% standard length; LS ) and a more elongated body due to a usually shallower middle body depth (19.8-26.5 vs. 26.3-35.9% LS ). The other group revealed to be a new species for science, Marcusenius verheyenorum, which can be distinguished from its congeners with eight circumpeduncular scales by the following unique combination of characters: a rounded head with a terminal mouth; a short and deep caudal peduncle (middle caudal-peduncle depth, 44.9-54.6% caudal-peduncle length; LCP ), a deep body (middle body depth, 27.7-34.2% LS ), 38-43 scales on the lateral line, 40-41 vertebrae, 20-21 dorsal-fin rays and 26 anal-fin rays. Some specimens previously attributed to M. moorii were examined and reassigned to M. lambouri or M. verheyenorum. As a result, M. moorii and M. lambouri occur in sympatry in the middle Congo Basin, with the distribution area of M. moorii still further extending into the lower Congo Basin. Instead, the distribution of M. verheyenorum is limited to some right bank tributaries of the upstream part of the middle Congo Basin. Two museum records from the Lilanda River (YBR), collected in the 1950s and previously identified as M. moorii, were re-identified as belonging to the new species, M. verheyenorum. However, the species now seems locally extinct in that region, which reflects the significant anthropogenic effects even within this reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Mambo Baba
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Aquatique, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité (CSB), Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, R.D. Congo
| | - Tchalondawa Kisekelwa
- Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Hydrobiologie Appliquée (UERHA), Institut Supérieure Pédagogique (ISP) de Bukavu, Biology-Chemistry Department, Bukavu, R.D. Congo
- Vertebrate Section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Célestin Danadu Mizani
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Aquatique, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité (CSB), Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, R.D. Congo
| | - Eva Decru
- Vertebrate Section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Vertebrate Section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Crampton WGR. Electroreception, electrogenesis and electric signal evolution. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:92-134. [PMID: 30729523 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroreception, the capacity to detect external underwater electric fields with specialised receptors, is a phylogenetically widespread sensory modality in fishes and amphibians. In passive electroreception, a capacity possessed by c. 16% of fish species, an animal uses low-frequency-tuned ampullary electroreceptors to detect microvolt-range bioelectric fields from prey, without the need to generate its own electric field. In active electroreception (electrolocation), which occurs only in the teleost lineages Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes, an animal senses its surroundings by generating a weak (< 1 V) electric-organ discharge (EOD) and detecting distortions in the EOD-associated field using high-frequency-tuned tuberous electroreceptors. Tuberous electroreceptors also detect the EODs of neighbouring fishes, facilitating electrocommunication. Several other groups of elasmobranchs and teleosts generate weak (< 10 V) or strong (> 50 V) EODs that facilitate communication or predation, but not electrolocation. Approximately 1.5% of fish species possess electric organs. This review has two aims. First, to synthesise our knowledge of the functional biology and phylogenetic distribution of electroreception and electrogenesis in fishes, with a focus on freshwater taxa and with emphasis on the proximate (morphological, physiological and genetic) bases of EOD and electroreceptor diversity. Second, to describe the diversity, biogeography, ecology and electric signal diversity of the mormyroids and gymnotiforms and to explore the ultimate (evolutionary) bases of signal and receptor diversity in their convergent electrogenic-electrosensory systems. Four sets of potential drivers or moderators of signal diversity are discussed. First, selective forces of an abiotic (environmental) nature for optimal electrolocation and communication performance of the EOD. Second, selective forces of a biotic nature targeting the communication function of the EOD, including sexual selection, reproductive interference from syntopic heterospecifics and selection from eavesdropping predators. Third, non-adaptive drift and, finally, phylogenetic inertia, which may arise from stabilising selection for optimal signal-receptor matching.
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Rich M, Sullivan JP, Hopkins CD. Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rich
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - John P. Sullivan
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Carl D. Hopkins
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 265 Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA
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Sullivan JP, Lavoué S, Hopkins CD. Cryptomyrus: a new genus of Mormyridae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) with two new species from Gabon, West-Central Africa. Zookeys 2016:117-50. [PMID: 27006619 PMCID: PMC4768369 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.561.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data to show that three weakly electric mormyrid fish specimens collected at three widely separated localities in Gabon, Africa over a 13-year period represent an unrecognized lineage within the subfamily Mormyrinae and determine its phylogenetic position with respect to other taxa. We describe these three specimens as a new genus containing two new species. Cryptomyrus, new genus, is readily distinguished from all other mormyrid genera by a combination of features of squamation, morphometrics, and dental attributes. Cryptomyrusogoouensis, new species, is differentiated from its single congener, Cryptomyrusona, new species, by the possession of an anal-fin origin located well in advance of the dorsal fin, a narrow caudal peduncle and caudal-fin lobes nearly as long as the peduncle. In Cryptomyrusona, the anal-fin origin is located only slightly in advance of the dorsal fin, the caudal peduncle is deep and the caudal-fin lobes considerably shorter than the peduncle. Continued discovery of new taxa within the “Lower Guinea Clade” of Mormyridae highlights the incompleteness of our knowledge of fish diversity in West-Central Africa. We present a revised key to the mormyrid genera of Lower Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sullivan
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York 14850 USA
| | - Sébastien Lavoué
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Carl D Hopkins
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York 14850 USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
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Decru E, Moelants T, De Gelas K, Vreven E, Verheyen E, Snoeks J. Taxonomic challenges in freshwater fishes: a mismatch between morphology and DNA barcoding in fish of the north-eastern part of the Congo basin. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:342-52. [PMID: 26186077 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the utility of DNA barcoding to traditional morphology-based species identifications for the fish fauna of the north-eastern Congo basin. We compared DNA sequences (COI) of 821 samples from 206 morphologically identified species. Best match, best close match and all species barcoding analyses resulted in a rather low identification success of 87.5%, 84.5% and 64.1%, respectively. The ratio 'nearest-neighbour distance/maximum intraspecific divergence' was lower than 1 for 26.1% of the samples, indicating possible taxonomic problems. In ten genera, belonging to six families, the number of species inferred from mtDNA data exceeded the number of species identified using morphological features; and in four cases indications of possible synonymy were detected. Finally, the DNA barcodes confirmed previously known identification problems within certain genera of the Clariidae, Cyprinidae and Mormyridae. Our results underscore the large number of taxonomic problems lingering in the taxonomy of the fish fauna of the Congo basin and illustrate why DNA barcodes will contribute to future efforts to compile a reliable taxonomic inventory of the Congo basin fish fauna. Therefore, the obtained barcodes were deposited in the reference barcode library of the Barcode of Life Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Decru
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Tuur Moelants
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Koen De Gelas
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Erik Verheyen
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Biology Department, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
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Miya M, Sato Y, Fukunaga T, Sado T, Poulsen JY, Sato K, Minamoto T, Yamamoto S, Yamanaka H, Araki H, Kondoh M, Iwasaki W. MiFish, a set of universal PCR primers for metabarcoding environmental DNA from fishes: detection of more than 230 subtropical marine species. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150088. [PMID: 26587265 PMCID: PMC4632578 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a set of universal PCR primers (MiFish-U/E) for metabarcoding environmental DNA (eDNA) from fishes. Primers were designed using aligned whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences from 880 species, supplemented by partial mitogenome sequences from 160 elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). The primers target a hypervariable region of the 12S rRNA gene (163-185 bp), which contains sufficient information to identify fishes to taxonomic family, genus and species except for some closely related congeners. To test versatility of the primers across a diverse range of fishes, we sampled eDNA from four tanks in the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium with known species compositions, prepared dual-indexed libraries and performed paired-end sequencing of the region using high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. Out of the 180 marine fish species contained in the four tanks with reference sequences in a custom database, we detected 168 species (93.3%) distributed across 59 families and 123 genera. These fishes are not only taxonomically diverse, ranging from sharks and rays to higher teleosts, but are also greatly varied in their ecology, including both pelagic and benthic species living in shallow coastal to deep waters. We also sampled natural seawaters around coral reefs near the aquarium and detected 93 fish species using this approach. Of the 93 species, 64 were not detected in the four aquarium tanks, rendering the total number of species detected to 232 (from 70 families and 152 genera). The metabarcoding approach presented here is non-invasive, more efficient, more cost-effective and more sensitive than the traditional survey methods. It has the potential to serve as an alternative (or complementary) tool for biodiversity monitoring that revolutionizes natural resource management and ecological studies of fish communities on larger spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Miya
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Author for correspondence: M. Miya e-mail:
| | - Y. Sato
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - T. Fukunaga
- Department of Computational Biology, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - T. Sado
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - J. Y. Poulsen
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Fish Section, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - K. Sato
- Okinawa Churashima Research Center, Okinawa 905-0206, Japan
| | - T. Minamoto
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - S. Yamamoto
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - H. Yamanaka
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - H. Araki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - M. Kondoh
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - W. Iwasaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 133-0032, Japan
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Erwin T, Stoev P, Georgiev T, Penev L. ZooKeys 500: traditions and innovations hand-in-hand servicing our taxonomic community. Zookeys 2015:1-8. [PMID: 25987868 PMCID: PMC4432237 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.500.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Erwin
- Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC-187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P.O. Box 37012, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Pavel Stoev
- Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria ; National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Lyubomir Penev
- Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria ; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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