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Tsatsu SK, Sutton GF, Serfontein L, Addison P, De Meyer M, Virgilio M, Manrakhan A. Distribution and host ranges of Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38817001 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Two fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species of economic importance: Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio are present in South Africa. The two species were considered as one species prior to 2016, but were subsequently separated. In this study, the distribution and abundance of the two species were quantified in seven provinces in South Africa through trapping with Enriched Ginger Oil as an attractant. Trapping was conducted over three seasons across two years (2020 and 2021): late summer, autumn-winter, and spring-early summer. Host ranges of the two species were investigated by fruit sampling in and outside of trapping sites. Ceratitis quilicii was more widely distributed than C. rosa with the latter being recorded in only three north-eastern provinces. There were geographical limits for both species with no records of them in Northern Cape Province. Catches of C. quilicii were higher in summer with average temperatures varying from 15 to 27°C while for C. rosa, catches remained low and consistent between seasons. Ceratitis quilicii catches decreased at lower rates than those of C. rosa at temperatures below 15°C. The two species were reared from 13 plant species from nine families. Four of these hosts were infested by both C. quilicii and C. rosa in the same province where they occurred. Preferred hosts of the two species belonged to the Myrtaceae family. The characterisation of the distribution, abundance and host ranges of these pests will provide a baseline for pest status determination and implementation of management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kwaku Tsatsu
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Guy F Sutton
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | | | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Invertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
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2
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Drosopoulou E, Gariou-Papalexiou A, Gouvi G, Augustinos AA, Bourtzis K, Zacharopoulou A. A comparative analysis of the chromosomes of three FARQ species complex members, Ceratitis rosa, C. quilicii, and C. fasciventris F2 (Diptera: Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:537-545. [PMID: 37325903 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ceratitis FARQ species complex consists of four highly destructive agricultural pests of Africa, namely C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa, and C. quilicii. The members of the complex are considered very closely related and the species limits among them are rather obscure. Their economic significance and the need for developing biological methods for their control makes species identification within the complex an important issue, which has become clear that can only be addressed by multidisciplinary approaches. Chromosomes, both mitotic and polytene, can provide a useful tool for species characterization and phylogenetic inference among closely related dipteran species. In the current study, we present the mitotic karyotype and the polytene chromosomes of C. rosa and C. quilicii together with in situ hybridization data. We performed a comparative cytogenetic analysis among the above two species and C. fasciventris, the only other cytogenetically studied member of the FARQ complex, by comparing the mitotic complement and the banding pattern of the polytene chromosomes of each species to the others, as well as by studying the polytene chromosomes of hybrids between them. Our analysis revealed no detectable chromosomal rearrangements discriminating the three FARQ members studied, confirming their close phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Drosopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Gouvi
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Greece
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Antonios A Augustinos
- Department of Plant Protection Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'DIMITRA', Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Drosopoulou E, Damaskou A, Markou A, Ekesi S, Khamis F, Manrakhan A, Augustinos AA, Tsiamis G, Bourtzis K. Τhe complete mitochondrial genomes of Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis quilicii, members of the Ceratitis FAR species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1039-1041. [PMID: 33796731 PMCID: PMC7995897 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1899073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ceratitis FAR is an African species complex comprising insect pests of great economic interest and obscure species limits. Here, we report the mitochondrial genomes of two members of the FAR complex, namely Ceratitis rosa and the recently characterized Ceratitis quilicii. A phylogenetic analysis based on PCGs of available Tephritidae mitogenomes is presented. The current mitochondrial sequences from the FAR complex could contribute toward the resolution of phylogenetic relationships and species limits within this taxonomically challenging group, which is also an important issue for the development of environment-friendly and species-specific control methods, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Drosopoulou
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristi Damaskou
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Markou
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Antonios A Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - George Tsiamis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Khamis FM, Mireji PO, Ombura FLO, Malacrida AR, Awuoche EO, Rono M, Mohamed SA, Tanga CM, Ekesi S. Species-specific transcriptional profiles of the gut and gut microbiome of Ceratitis quilicii and Ceratitis rosa sensu stricto. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18355. [PMID: 31798006 PMCID: PMC6892911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa sensu stricto and Ceratitis quilicii, are sibling species restricted to the lowland and highland regions, respectively. Until recently, these sibling species were considered as allopatric populations of C. rosa with distinct bionomics. We used deep Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology on intact guts of individuals from the two sibling species to compare their transcriptional profiles and simultaneously understand gut microbiome and host molecular processes and identify distinguishing genetic differences between the two species. Since the genomes of both species had not been published previously, the transcriptomes were assembled de novo into transcripts. Microbe-specific transcript orthologs were separated from the assembly by filtering searches of the transcripts against microbe databases using OrthoMCL. We then used differential expression analysis of host-specific transcripts (i.e. those remaining after the microbe-specific transcripts had been removed) and microbe-specific transcripts from the two-sibling species to identify defining species-specific transcripts that were present in only one fruit fly species or the other, but not in both. In C. quilicii females, bacterial transcripts of Pectobacterium spp., Enterobacterium buttiauxella, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella variicola were upregulated compared to the C. rosa s.s. females. Comparison of expression levels of the host transcripts revealed a heavier investment by C. quilicii (compared with C. rosa s.s.) in: immunity; energy production; cell proliferation; insecticide resistance; reproduction and proliferation; and redox reactions that are usually associated with responses to stress and degradation of fruit metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Paul O Mireji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya.,Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 428, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Fidelis L O Ombura
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna R Malacrida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova, 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erick O Awuoche
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya.,Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 972, Meru, Kenya
| | - Martin Rono
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 428, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Virgilio M, Daneel JH, Manrakhan A, Delatte H, Meganck K, De Meyer M. An integrated diagnostic setup for the morphological and molecular identification of the Ceratitis FAR complex (C. anonae, C. fasciventris, C. rosa, C. quilicii, Diptera, Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:376-382. [PMID: 30203730 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ceratitis FAR complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) includes four economically important frugivorous flies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis quilicii, Ceratitis rosa) whose immature stages and adult females cannot be properly resolved through morphological identification. In order to develop a simplified molecular tool for the identification of two of these species (C. rosa, C. quilicii), we selected a subset of six microsatellite markers out of a panel of 16 loci that were previously developed for the molecular differentiation of the taxa within the complex. These six markers were first tested in silico and then used for the actual genotyping of C. quilicii and C. rosa, resulting in the correct identification of all male reference specimens. Here, we propose an integrated morphological and molecular setup for the identification of the four species of the FAR complex. The decision map relies on preliminary DNA barcoding or morphological identification (when possible) to exclude species not belonging to the complex followed by (a) morphological identification of all adult male specimens and female C. anonae, (b) molecular identification via a panel of 16 microsatellite markers for immature stages, damaged vouchers and samples potentially including adult female C. fasciventris/C. quilicii/C. rosa and (c) molecular identification via a reduced panel of six microsatellite markers for samples including only C. quilicii and C. rosa. This simplified diagnostic setup was profitably implemented in the framework of the ERAfrica fruit fly project and will help correctly identify species within the FAR complex for their early detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
| | - J-H Daneel
- Citrus Research International,P.O Box 28, Nelspruit 1200,South Africa
| | - A Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International,P.O Box 28, Nelspruit 1200,South Africa
| | - H Delatte
- CIRAD-UMR PVBMT,CIRAD-3P, Saint Pierre,France
| | - K Meganck
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
| | - M De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
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Chia SY, Tanga CM, Khamis FM, Mohamed SA, Salifu D, Sevgan S, Fiaboe KKM, Niassy S, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Ekesi S. Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens: Implications for mass production. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206097. [PMID: 30383771 PMCID: PMC6211680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to recycle organic wastes using black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens into high-nutrient biomass that constitutes a sustainable fat (biodiesel) and high-quality protein ingredient in animal feeds have recently gained momentum worldwide. However, there is little information on the most suitable rearing conditions for growth, development and survivorship of these flies, which is a prerequisite for mass production technologies. We evaluated the physiological requirements for growth and reproduction of H. illucens on two diets [spent grains supplemented with brewers’ yeast (D1) and un-supplemented (D2)]. Development rates at nine constant temperatures (10–42°C) were fitted to temperature-dependent linear and non-linear day-degree models. Thereafter, life history table parameters were determined within a range of favourable temperatures. The thermal maximum (TM) estimates for larval, pre-pupal and pupal development using non-linear model ranged between 37.2 ± 0.3 and 44.0 ± 2.3°C. The non-linear and linear day-degree model estimations of lower developmental temperature threshold for larvae were 11.7 ± 0.9 and 12.3 ± 1.4°C for D1, and 10.4 ± 1.7 and 11.7 ± 3.0°C for D2, respectively. The estimated thermal constant of immature life stages development of BSF was higher for the larval stage (250±25 DD for D1 and 333±51 for D2) than the other stages evaluated. Final larval wet weight was higher on D1 compared to D2. The population growth rate was most favourable at 30-degree celsius (°C) with higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm = 0.127 for D1 and 0.122 for D2) and shorter doubling time (5.5 days for D1 and 5.7 days for D2) compared to the other temperatures. These results are valuable for the optimization of commercial mass rearing procedures of BSF under various environmental conditions and prediction of population dynamics patterns using computer simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaphan Yong Chia
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus Mbi Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daisy Salifu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komi K. M. Fiaboe
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Tanga CM, Khamis FM, Tonnang HEZ, Rwomushana I, Mosomtai G, Mohamed SA, Ekesi S. Risk assessment and spread of the potentially invasive Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio sp. Nov. using life-cycle simulation models: Implications for phytosanitary measures and management. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189138. [PMID: 29304084 PMCID: PMC5755740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative taxonomy has resolved the species status of the potentially invasive Ceratitis rosa Karsch into two separate species with distinct ecological requirements: C. rosa “lowland type” and the newly described species Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio sp. nov. “highland type”. Both species are tephritid pests threatening the production of horticultural crops in Africa and beyond. Studies were carried out by constructing thermal reaction norms for each life stage of both species at constant and fluctuating temperatures. Non-linear functions were fitted to continuously model species development, mortality, longevity and oviposition to establish phenology models that were stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters of each species. For spatial analysis of pest risk, three generic risk indices were visualized using the advanced Insect Life Cycle Modeling software. The study revealed that the highest fecundity, intrinsic rate of natural increase and net reproductive rate for C. rosa and C. quilicii was at 25 and 30°C, respectively. The resulting model successfully fits the known distribution of C. rosa and C. quilicii in Africa and the two Indian Ocean islands of La Réunion and Mauritius. Globally, the model highlights the substantial invasion risk posed by C. rosa and C. quilicii to cropping regions in the Americas, Australia, India, China, Southeast Asia, Europe, and West and Central Africa. However, the proportion of the regions predicted to be climatically suitable for both pests is narrower for C. rosa in comparison with C. quilicii, suggesting that C. quilicii will be more tolerant to a wider range of climatic conditions than C. rosa. This implies that these pests are of significant concern to biosecurity agencies in the uninvaded regions. Therefore, these findings provide important information to enhance monitoring/surveillance and designing pest management strategies to limit the spread and reduce their impact in the invaded range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysantus Mbi Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Henri E. Z. Tonnang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gladys Mosomtai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
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Gotcha N, Terblanche JS, Nyamukondiwa C. Plasticity and cross-tolerance to heterogeneous environments: divergent stress responses co-evolved in an African fruit fly. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:98-110. [PMID: 29080375 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic adjustments of physiological tolerance to a particular stressor can result in fitness benefits for resistance that might manifest not only in that same environment but also be advantageous when faced with alternative environmental stressors, a phenomenon termed 'cross-tolerance'. The nature and magnitude of cross-tolerance responses can provide important insights into the underlying genetic architecture, potential constraints on or versatility of an organism's stress responses. In this study, we tested for cross-tolerance to a suite of abiotic factors that likely contribute to setting insect population dynamics and geographic range limits: heat, cold, desiccation and starvation resistance in adult Ceratitis rosa following acclimation to all these isolated individual conditions prior to stress assays. Traits of stress resistance scored included critical thermal (activity) limits, chill coma recovery time (CCRT), heat knockdown time (HKDT), desiccation and starvation resistance. In agreement with other studies, we found that acclimation to one stress typically increased resistance for that same stress experienced later in life. A more novel outcome, however, is that here we also found substantial evidence for cross-tolerance. For example, we found an improvement in heat tolerance (critical thermal maxima, CTmax ) following starvation or desiccation hardening and improved desiccation resistance following cold acclimation, indicating pronounced cross-tolerance to these environmental stressors for the traits examined. We also found that two different traits of the same stress resistance differed in their responsiveness to the same stress conditions (e.g. HKDT was less cross-resistant than CTmax ). The results of this study have two major implications that are of broader importance: (i) that these traits likely co-evolved to cope with diverse or simultaneous stressors, and (ii) that a set of common underlying physiological mechanisms might exist between apparently divergent stress responses in this species. This species may prove to be a valuable model for future work on the evolutionary and mechanistic basis of cross-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
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Drosopoulou E, Pantelidou C, Gariou-Papalexiou A, Augustinos AA, Chartomatsidou T, Kyritsis GA, Bourtzis K, Mavragani-Tsipidou P, Zacharopoulou A. The chromosomes and the mitogenome of Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae): two genetic approaches towards the Ceratitis FAR species complex resolution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4877. [PMID: 28687799 PMCID: PMC5501848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratitis fasciventris is a serious agricultural pest of the Tephritidae family that belongs to the African Ceratitis FAR species complex. Species limits within the FAR complex are obscure and multidisciplinary approaches have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships among its members. These studies support the existence of at least three additional species in the complex, C. anonnae, C. rosa and C. quilicii, while they indicate the presence of two structured populations (F1 and F2) within the C. fasciventris species. In the present study we present the mitotic karyotype, polytene chromosome maps, in situ hybridization data and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an F2 population of C. fasciventris. This is the first polytene chromosome map and complete mitogenome of a member of the FAR complex and only the second reported for the Ceratitis genus. Both polytene chromosomes and mitochondrial sequence could provide valuable information and be used as reference for comparative analysis among the members of the complex towards the clarification of their phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Drosopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christina Pantelidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonios A Augustinos
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Chartomatsidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A Kyritsis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Schutze MK, Virgilio M, Norrbom A, Clarke AR. Tephritid Integrative Taxonomy: Where We Are Now, with a Focus on the Resolution of Three Tropical Fruit Fly Species Complexes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:147-164. [PMID: 27813666 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate species delimitation underpins good taxonomy. Formalization of integrative taxonomy in the past decade has provided a framework for using multidisciplinary data to make species delimitation hypotheses more rigorous. We address the current state of integrative taxonomy by using as a case study an international project targeted at resolving three important tephritid species complexes: Bactrocera dorsalis complex, Anastrepha fraterculus complex, and Ceratitis FAR (C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa) complex. The integrative taxonomic approach has helped deliver significant advances in resolving these complexes: It has been used to identify some taxa as belonging to the same biological species as well as to confirm hidden cryptic diversity under a single taxonomic name. Nevertheless, the general application of integrative taxonomy has not been without issue, revealing challenges that must be considered when undertaking an integrative taxonomy project. Scrutiny of this international case study provides a unique opportunity to document lessons learned for the benefit of not only tephritid taxonomists, but also the wider taxonomic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Schutze
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001 Queensland, Australia;
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium ;
| | - Allen Norrbom
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560;
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001 Queensland, Australia;
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia;
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Karsten M, Addison P, Jansen van Vuuren B, Terblanche JS. Investigating population differentiation in a major African agricultural pest: evidence from geometric morphometrics and connectivity suggests high invasion potential. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3019-32. [PMID: 27085997 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, spatial pattern and population dynamics of a species can be influenced by differences in the environment across its range. Spatial variation in climatic conditions can cause local populations to undergo disruptive selection and ultimately result in local adaptation. However, local adaptation can be constrained by gene flow and may favour resident individuals over migrants-both are factors critical to the assessment of invasion potential. The Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa) is a major agricultural pest in Africa with a history of island invasions, although its range is largely restricted to south east Africa. Across Africa, C. rosa is genetically structured into two clusters (R1 and R2), with these clusters occurring sympatrically in the north of South Africa. The spatial distribution of these genotypic clusters remains unexamined despite their importance for understanding the pest's invasion potential. Here, C. rosa, sampled from 22 South African locations, were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and assessed morphologically using geometric morphometric wing shape analyses to investigate patterns of population structure and determine connectedness of pest-occupied sites. Our results show little to no intraspecific (population) differentiation, high population connectivity, high effective population sizes and only one morphological type (R2) within South Africa. The absence of the R1 morphotype at sites where it was previously found may be a consequence of differences in thermal niches of the two morphotypes. Overall, our results suggest high invasion potential of this species, that area-wide pest management should be undertaken on a country-wide scale, and that border control is critical to preventing further invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - P Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Zoology Laboratory, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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12
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Ekesi S, De Meyer M, Mohamed SA, Virgilio M, Borgemeister C. Taxonomy, Ecology, and Management of Native and Exotic Fruit Fly Species in Africa. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 61:219-238. [PMID: 26735644 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Horticulture is one of the most important agricultural subsectors in Africa, providing income, creating employment opportunities, and enhancing food and nutritional security. However, tephritid fruit flies are responsible for both direct and indirect losses, with alien invasive species often having the most severe ecological and economic impact. In the past 20 years, systematic analysis of tephritids has provided comparative information on taxonomy, synonymy, and character-state differentiation. New molecular techniques are now available for identifying species, reconstructing phylogenies, and studying population genetic structures. Research on biology, host range and shifts, thermotolerance, and demography has provided useful information for developing predictive and ecological niche models to guide management methods. In recent years, the responses of various species to attractants have been documented. Several suppression methods, including the release of coevolved parasitoid species targeting invasives, have been promoted within the context of integrated pest management, leading to improvement in the quality and quantity of fruits and vegetables produced. However, there is still the need for wide-scale availability of these technologies to smallholder growers across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; ,
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Unit & Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; ,
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Unit & Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; ,
- Center for Development Research (Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany;
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13
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Hendrichs J, Vera MT, De Meyer M, Clarke AR. Resolving cryptic species complexes of major tephritid pests. Zookeys 2015; 540:5-39. [PMID: 26798252 PMCID: PMC4714062 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) on "Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Overcome Constraints to SIT Application and International Trade" was conducted from 2010 to 2015. As captured in the CRP title, the objective was to undertake targeted research into the systematics and diagnostics of taxonomically challenging fruit fly groups of economic importance. The scientific output was the accurate alignment of biological species with taxonomic names; which led to the applied outcome of assisting FAO and IAEA Member States in overcoming technical constraints to the application of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against pest fruit flies and the facilitation of international agricultural trade. Close to 50 researchers from over 20 countries participated in the CRP, using coordinated, multidisciplinary research to address, within an integrative taxonomic framework, cryptic species complexes of major tephritid pests. The following progress was made for the four complexes selected and studied: Anastrepha fraterculus complex - Eight morphotypes and their geographic and ecological distributions in Latin America were defined. The morphotypes can be considered as distinct biological species on the basis of differences in karyotype, sexual incompatibility, post-mating isolation, cuticular hydrocarbon, pheromone, and molecular analyses. Discriminative taxonomic tools using linear and geometric morphometrics of both adult and larval morphology were developed for this complex. Bactrocera dorsalis complex - Based on genetic, cytogenetic, pheromonal, morphometric, and behavioural data, which showed no or only minor variation between the Asian/African pest fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera philippinensis and Bactrocera invadens, the latter three species were synonymized with Bactrocera dorsalis. Of the five target pest taxa studied, only Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae remain as scientifically valid names. Molecular and pheromone markers are now available to distinguish Bactrocera dorsalis from Bactrocera carambolae. Ceratitis FAR Complex (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa) - Morphology, morphometry, genetic, genomic, pheromone, cuticular hydrocarbon, ecology, behaviour, and developmental physiology data provide evidence for the existence of five different entities within this fruit fly complex from the African region. These are currently recognised as Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris (F1 and F2), Ceratitis rosa and a new species related to Ceratitis rosa (R2). The biological limits within Ceratitis fasciventris (i.e. F1 and F2) are not fully resolved. Microsatellites markers and morphological identification tools for the adult males of the five different FAR entities were developed based on male leg structures. Zeugodacus cucurbitae (formerly Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae) - Genetic variability was studied among melon fly populations throughout its geographic range in Africa and the Asia/Pacific region and found to be limited. Cross-mating studies indicated no incompatibility or sexual isolation. Host preference and genetic studies showed no evidence for the existence of host races. It was concluded that the melon fly does not represent a cryptic species complex, neither with regard to geographic distribution nor to host range. Nevertheless, the higher taxonomic classification under which this species had been placed, by the time the CRP was started, was found to be paraphyletic; as a result the subgenus Zeugodacus was elevated to genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hendrichs
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Teresa Vera
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán; Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Unit, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Anthony R. Clarke
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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De Meyer M, Delatte H, Ekesi S, Jordaens K, Kalinová B, Manrakhan A, Mwatawala M, Steck G, Van Cann J, Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Virgilio M. An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review. Zookeys 2015; 540:405-27. [PMID: 26798270 PMCID: PMC4714080 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews all information gathered from different disciplines and studies to resolve the species status within the Ceratitis FAR (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa) complex, a group of polyphagous fruit fly pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Africa. It includes information on larval and adult morphology, wing morphometrics, cuticular hydrocarbons, pheromones, microsatellites, developmental physiology and geographic distribution. The general consensus is that the FAR complex comprises Ceratitis anonae, two species within Ceratitis rosa (so-called R1 and R2) and two putatitve species under Ceratitis fasciventris. The information regarding the latter is, however, too limited to draw final conclusions on specific status. Evidence for this recognition is discussed with reference to publications providing further details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 7 ch de l’IRAT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kurt Jordaens
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Blanka Kalinová
- Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Maulid Mwatawala
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Dept. of Crop Science and Production, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gary Steck
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Joannes Van Cann
- University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Radka Břízová
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
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Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Pompeiano A, Ekesi S, Meyer MD. Cuticular hydrocarbons corroborate the distinction between lowland and highland Natal fruit fly (Tephritidae, Ceratitis rosa) populations. Zookeys 2015; 540:507-24. [PMID: 26798275 PMCID: PMC4714085 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) and morphology of two Ceratitis rosa Karsch (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations, putatively belonging to two cryptic taxa, were analysed. The chemical profiles were characterised by two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. CHs of Ceratitis rosa that originated from the lowlands and highlands of Kenya comprised of n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the range of the carbon backbone from C14 to C37. Hydrocarbons containing C29, C31, C33 and C35 carbon atoms predominated in these two populations. 2-Methyltriacontane was the predominant compound in both populations. Quantitative differences in the distribution of hydrocarbons of different chain lengths, mainly the C22, C32, C33 and C34 compounds of these two populations, were observed despite indistinct qualitative differences in these hydrocarbons. Morphological analyses of male legs confirmed that the flies belong to different morphotypes of Ceratitis rosa previously labelled as R1 and R2 for lowland and highland populations, respectively. A statistical analysis of the CH compositions of the putative R1 and R2 species showed distinct interspecific identities, with several CHs specific for each of the lowland and highland populations. This study supports a hypothesis that the taxon Ceratitis rosa consists of at least two biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vaníčková
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Břízová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
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Mwatawala M, Virgilio M, Joseph J, De Meyer M. Niche partitioning among two Ceratitis rosa morphotypes and other Ceratitis pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) along an altitudinal transect in Central Tanzania. Zookeys 2015:429-42. [PMID: 26798271 PMCID: PMC4714081 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two standard parapheromones, trimedlure (routinely used for monitoring Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis capitata) and terpinyl acetate (routinely used for monitoring Ceratitis cosyra) were compared with enriched ginger root oil (EGO) lure for detecting and monitoring the presence and relative population abundance of these particular pest species. Standard yellow fruit fly traps were used for the comparison, which was conducted at 10 sites along an altitudinal transect ranging from 540 to 1650 masl on the Uluguru mountains, in Morogoro Region (Central Tanzania). A gradual change of relative occurrence of the two Ceratitis rosa morphotypes was clear from the EGO lure trapping. The morphotype R1 was predominant at lower altitudes while morphotype R2 was predominant at higher altitudes. Further experiments are needed to confirm the consistency of the observed pattern across regions, seasons and years as well as possible differences in the developmental physiology of both morphotypes. The mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra, showed a distinct predominance at altitudes below 800 masl as shown in both the EGO lure and the terpinyl acetate trapping. The catches of all three target species were higher in traps with the EGO lure compared to the conventional lures trimedlure and terpinyl acetate. It is argued that for these species EGO lure can act as a suitable and more effective alternative for trimedlure and terpinyl acetate parapheromones. In addition, EGO lure has the added advantage that it combines the taxon spectrum for the two latter substances, thus requiring the use of only a single attractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulid Mwatawala
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3005, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Jane Joseph
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3005, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
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