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Banerjee P, Dey G, Maity JP, Stewart KA, Sharma RK, Chan MWY, Lee K, Chen C. The unseen invaders: Tracking phylogeographic dynamics and genetic diversity of cryptic Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata (Golden apple snails) across Taiwan. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11268. [PMID: 38646006 PMCID: PMC11027011 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cryptic invasion of golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata) in Taiwan has caused significant ecological and economical damage over the last few decades, however, their management remains difficult due to inadequate taxonomic identification, complex phylogeny, and limited population genetic information. We aim to understand the current distribution, putative population of origin, genetic diversity, and potential path of cryptic invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata across Taiwan to aid in improved mitigation approaches. The present investigation conducted a nationwide survey with 254 samples collected from 41 locations in 14 counties or cities across Taiwan. We identified P. canaliculata and P. maculata based on mitochondrial COI and compared their genetic diversity across Taiwan, as well as other introduced and native countries (based on publicly available COI data) to understand the possible paths of invasion to Taiwan. Based on mitochondrial COI barcoding, sympatric and heterogeneous distributions of invasive P. canaliculata and P. maculata were noted. Our haplotype analysis and mismatch distribution results suggested multiple introductions of P. canaliculata in Taiwan was likely originated directly from Argentina, whereas P. maculata was probably introduced from a single, or a few, introduction event(s) from Argentina and Brazil. Our population genetic data further demonstrated a higher haplotype and genetic diversity for P. canaliculata and P. maculata in Taiwan compared to other introduced regions. Based on our current understanding, the establishment of P. canaliculata and P. maculata is alarming and widespread beyond geopolitical borders, requiring a concerted and expedited national and international invasive species mitigation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng UniversityMin‐HsiungChiayi CountyTaiwan
| | - Gobinda Dey
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng UniversityMin‐HsiungChiayi CountyTaiwan
- Department of Agricultural ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Biological Laboratory, School of Applied SciencesKIIT Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Kathryn A. Stewart
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesNational Chung Cheng UniversityMin‐HsiungChiayi CountyTaiwan
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng UniversityMin‐HsiungChiayi CountyTaiwan
| | - Kuanhsuen Lee
- Department of Emergency MedicineDitmanson Medical Foundation Chia‐Yi Christian HospitalChiayiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Yen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesNational Chung Cheng UniversityMin‐HsiungChiayi CountyTaiwan
- Center for Nano Bio‐Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging SocietyAIM‐HI, National Chung Cheng UniversityChiayiTaiwan
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Lin FC, Shaner PJL, Hsieh MY, Whiting MJ, Lin SM. Trained quantity discrimination in invasive red-eared slider and a comparison with the native stripe-necked turtle. Anim Cogn 2024; 27:26. [PMID: 38530499 PMCID: PMC10965720 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the behavioral and cognitive traits that best predict invasion success. Evidence is mounting that cognitive performance correlates with survival and fecundity, two pivotal factors for the successful establishment of invasive populations. We assessed the quantity discrimination ability of the globally invasive red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We further compared it to that of the native stripe-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis), which has been previously evaluated for its superior quantity discrimination ability. Specifically, our experimental designs aimed to quantify the learning ability as numerosity pairs increased in difficulty (termed fixed numerosity tests), and the immediate response when turtles were presented with varied challenges concurrently in the same tests (termed mixed numerosity tests). Our findings reaffirm the remarkable ability of freshwater turtles to discern numerical differences as close as 9 vs 10 (ratio = 0.9), which was comparable to the stripe-necked turtle's performance. However, the red-eared slider exhibited a moderate decrease in performance in high ratio tests, indicating a potentially enhanced cognitive capacity to adapt to novel challenges. Our experimental design is repeatable and is adaptable to a range of freshwater turtles. These findings emphasize the potential importance of cognitive research to the underlying mechanisms of successful species invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Lin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Tingzhou Road Section 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lee Shaner
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Tingzhou Road Section 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Martin J Whiting
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Si-Min Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Tingzhou Road Section 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
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Karin BR, Lough-Stevens M, Lin TE, Reilly SB, Barley AJ, Das I, Iskandar DT, Arida E, Jackman TR, McGuire JA, Bauer AM. The natural and human-mediated expansion of a human-commensal lizard into the fringes of Southeast Asia. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38378475 PMCID: PMC10880348 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-commensal species often display deep ancestral genetic structure within their native range and founder-effects and/or evidence of multiple introductions and admixture in newly established areas. We investigated the phylogeography of Eutropis multifasciata, an abundant human-commensal scincid lizard that occurs across Southeast Asia, to determine the extent of its native range and to assess the sources and signatures of human introduction outside of the native range. We sequenced over 350 samples of E. multifasciata for the mitochondrial ND2 gene and reanalyzed a previous RADseq population genetic dataset in a phylogenetic framework. RESULTS Nuclear and mitochondrial trees are concordant and show that E. multifasciata has retained high levels of genetic structure across Southeast Asia despite being frequently moved by humans. Lineage boundaries in the native range roughly correspond to several major biogeographic barriers, including Wallace's Line and the Isthmus of Kra. Islands at the outer fringe of the range show evidence of founder-effects and multiple introductions. CONCLUSIONS Most of enormous range of E. multifasciata across Southeast Asia is native and it only displays signs of human-introduction or recent expansion along the eastern and northern fringe of its range. There were at least three events of human-introductions to Taiwan and offshore islands, and several oceanic islands in eastern Indonesia show a similar pattern. In Myanmar and Hainan, there is a founder-effect consistent with post-warming expansion after the last glacial maxima or human introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Karin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
| | - Michael Lough-Stevens
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Te-En Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, 1, Minsheng E Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County, 55244, Taiwan
| | - Sean B Reilly
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Anthony J Barley
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 2320 Storer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Djoko T Iskandar
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, 10 Jalan Ganesa, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Basic Sciences Commission, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, 11 Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan, Jakarta, 10110, Indonesia
| | - Evy Arida
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Todd R Jackman
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Jimmy A McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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Ge X, Wu H, Zang Z, Xie J. Application of checklist-based nursing care process in patients undergoing intervention for coronary chronic total occlusions: a quasi-randomized study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:591. [PMID: 38036972 PMCID: PMC10688462 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) interventions are more complex than general percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. However, only a few nursing methods are specifically applied to patients undergoing CTO interventions. And the conventional nursing effect is not ideal, urgent need to explore more effective nursing methods. The checklist is a simple and effective tool for error management and performance improvement that has been widely used in many fields. But there have been no reports of the checklist being used to improve care for CTO patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a checklist-based nursing care process in patients undergoing Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) interventions, including duration of care, patient anxiety, improved patient satisfaction, and occurrence of adverse events. METHODS A total of 120 CTO patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected at our hospital and divided into an intervention group (n = 60, adopted the checklist-based nursing care process for patient care) and a control group (n = 60, adopted nursing care according to the existing workflow) according to different nursing interventions. After surgery, the nurse in charge of the patient completed the nursing according to the "List of postoperative care for CTO patients" filled in by the patient within 24 h after surgery, conducted a doctor satisfaction survey, recorded adverse events, and completed the postoperative Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score and patient satisfaction survey before the patient was discharged. Subsequently, the Qc team checks the completion of the patient's checklist for safety and the completion of the questionnaire. Finally, the differences between the two groups in preoperative nursing time, incidence of adverse events caused by nurses' omission or inadequate guidance, patient anxiety, and doctor and patient satisfaction were compared. RESULTS The intervention grouphad significantly shorter preoperative nursing care time and significantly lower the total number of adverse events than the control group (P < 0.05).The postoperative Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).The satisfaction of doctors and patients in the intervention groupwas significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The application of the checklist-based nursing care process in patients with CTO intervention can significantly reduce the preoperative nursing care time, reduce patient anxiety, improve patients' and doctors' satisfaction with nursing care, and effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse events caused by nurses' omissions or inadequate instructions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of the trial was registered retrospectively of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR2200056804, reg date17/02/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Cardiovascular ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Cardiovascular ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Zang
- Cardiovascular ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Cardiovascular ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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Chao LL, Chen TH, Shih CM. First report and molecular identification of a reptilian tick, Amblyomma helvolum (Acari: Ixodidae), infesting wild green iguanas, Iguana iguana (Reptilia: Iguanidae), in southern Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00810-6. [PMID: 37338640 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The genetic identity of the reptilian tick, Amblyomma helvolum, infesting wild green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Taiwan, was examined. Genetic identity was determined by analyzing the 16S mitochondrial DNA gene sequences obtained from 11 Taiwan A. helvolum compared with other Amblyomma species, with two Dermacentor species and two Rhipicephalus species serving as outgroups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the Taiwan specimens were genetically affiliated with a monophyletic group of A. helvolum and can be discriminated from other Amblyomma species. Our results provide the first genetic identification of adult A. helvolum ticks infesting wild iguanas in Taiwan. Further studies focused on the seasonal prevalence and vectorial capacity of A. helvolum for various tick-borne pathogens will help to clarify the epidemiological significance of this species and its impact on animal and human health in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tien-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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6
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Ho SK, Chan HK, Karraker NE. The identity of Tokays (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from Hong Kong. Zootaxa 2023; 5297:282-290. [PMID: 37518795 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko), found throughout Southeast Asia and India, is a heavily harvested species of high commercial value. Recent studies have supported the elevation of the black morph of Tokay gecko, found only in southern China and northern Vietnam, to the species Gekko reevesii. Previous genetic studies focused on specimens of G. reevesii from southwestern populations. Hong Kong, in southeastern China, has native populations of G. reevesii. To verify the identity of G. reevesii in Hong Kong, we employed three mitochondrial genes (COI, Cytb & ND2) and constructed a matrilineal genealogy using other specimens from Guangxi (southwestern China) and northern Vietnam, as well as G. gecko from a wide range of Southeast Asian countries. Our study confirmed that G. reevesii occurs naturally in Hong Kong, but one exotic population of G. gecko, likely a translocation from international trade, was also revealed. Our study did not reject the species ranking of G. reevesii. Moreover, like previous studies, we recovered a paraphyletic G. gecko, which may reflect a species complex, hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting. More extensive sampling of the two species over a broader range of their asserted distribution together with the use of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are required to better investigate their biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Kit Ho
- Freshwater Ecology and Conservation Laboratory; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam; Hong Kong SAR; China.
| | - Hon-Ki Chan
- Freshwater Ecology and Conservation Laboratory; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam; Hong Kong SAR; China.
| | - Nancy E Karraker
- Department of Natural Resources Science; University of Rhode Island; Kingston; Rhode Island 02881 USA.
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7
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Liaw YL, Tsai CH. Taxonomic revision of Chinemys pani (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Pleistocene of Taiwan and its implications of conservation paleobiology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1501-1507. [PMID: 36181371 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Proper taxonomic identification is critical to our understanding of biodiversity and the underlying evolutionary history. Here we re-examine the cast of the holotype of Chinemys pani, a geoemydid turtle from the Pleistocene of Taiwan; the actual specimen was not curated appropriately after the original publication and was most likely lost. Our results provide substantial evidence to show that Chinemys pani should be identified as Mauremys reevesii. The replica, though not ideal, preserves various morphological features that allow reliable taxonomic identification of Mauremys reevesii, including the presence of three longitudinal keels on the carapace, the second to sixth neural bones anteriorly short-sided, and the lack of a movable plastral hinge. In addition, we also confirm that the original diagnostic features that established the new taxon: Chinemys pani - are polymorphic characters of Mauremys reevesii. Our taxonomic revision of a Pleistocene geoemydid turtle from Taiwan confirms the existence of the Pleistocene Mauremys reevesii. More importantly, this study offers new insights into the origin of modern biodiversity in Taiwan and gives a straightforward example of how fossils can be applied to conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lu Liaw
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Museum of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Mo M, Mo E. Frequency and Distribution of Reports of Free-living Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Hong Kong. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.41.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Wang HT, Qi S, Qiu XC, Li PP. First record of Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. HERPETOZOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e84045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidodactylus lugubris is known from tropical Asia, Oceania, and Latin America, but in China it was previously known only from Taiwan Island. In this paper, we report a new herpetofaunal record based on one specimen collected from Wanning, Hainan, China, which conforms to L. lugubris on both morphological and molecular data. Our finding brings the total species of the family Gekkonidae in Hainan to six.
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Dufresnes C, Litvinchuk SN. Diversity, distribution and molecular species delimitation in frogs and toads from the Eastern Palaearctic. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiversity analyses can greatly benefit from coherent species delimitation schemes and up-to-date distribution data. In this article, we have made the daring attempt to delimit and map described and undescribed lineages of anuran amphibians in the Eastern Palaearctic (EP) region in its broad sense. Through a literature review, we have evaluated the species status considering reproductive isolation and genetic divergence, combined with an extensive occurrence dataset (nearly 85k localities). Altogether 274 native species from 46 genera and ten families were retrieved, plus eight additional species introduced from other realms. Independent hotspots of species richness were concentrated in southern Tibet (Medog County), the circum-Sichuan Basin region, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula and the main Japanese islands. Phylogeographic breaks responsible for recent in situ speciation events were shared around the Sichuan Mountains, across Honshu and between the Ryukyu Island groups, but not across shallow water bodies like the Yellow Sea and the Taiwan Strait. Anuran compositions suggested to restrict the zoogeographical limits of the EP to East Asia. In a rapidly evolving field, our study provides a checkpoint to appreciate patterns of species diversity in the EP under a single, spatially explicit, species delimitation framework that integrates phylogeographic data in taxonomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology & Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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11
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Chen TY, Richard R, Lin TE, Huang SP. Landscape forest impacts the potential activity time of an invasive lizard and its possibilities for range expansion in Taiwan under climate warming. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102948. [PMID: 34016365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming may have an impact on invasive species and their ecological consequences. Invasive reptiles, which have temperature-dependent physiology, are expected to be greatly impacted by climate warming, though data supporting this is limited. We investigated the potential impact of a warmer climate on an invasive lizard, Eutropis multifasciata, in Taiwan. A mechanistic model, NicheMapR, was used to simulate the maximum activity time available at three elevations, with varying forest densities, under the current climate and a warmer scenario. The results show that climate warming will provide this species more time for activity in the currently occupied lowland region but not in the mountain areas, which are covered with dense forests. However, if the landscape becomes more open in mountain areas, it will become more suitable for this species and may enable an expansion upslope. Our results show that climate warming has a positive impact on this species, and that landscape's characteristics profoundly modulate its impact and the possibilities for elevational expansion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Romain Richard
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Te-En Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, 1, Minsheng E Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County, 55244, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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12
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Borzée A, Kielgast J, Wren S, Angulo A, Chen S, Magellan K, Messenger KR, Hansen-Hendrikx CM, Baker A, Santos MMD, Kusrini M, Jiang J, Maslova IV, Das I, Park D, Bickford D, Murphy RW, Che J, Van Do T, Nguyen TQ, Chuang MF, Bishop PJ. Using the 2020 global pandemic as a springboard to highlight the need for amphibian conservation in eastern Asia. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2021; 255:108973. [PMID: 35125500 PMCID: PMC8798316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Emerging infectious diseases are on the rise in many different taxa, including, among others, the amphibian batrachochytrids, the snake fungal disease and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mammals. Following the onset of the pandemic linked to COVID-19, eastern Asia has shown strong leadership, taking actions to regulate the trade of potential vector species in several regions. These actions were taken in response to an increase in public awareness, and the need for a quick reaction to mitigate against further pandemics. However, trade restrictions rarely affect amphibians, despite the risk of pathogen transmission, directly, or indirectly through habitat destruction and the loss of vector consumption. Thus, species that help alleviate the risk of zoonoses or provide biological control are not protected. Hence, in view of the global amphibian decline and the risk of zoonoses, we support the current wildlife trade regulations and support measures to safeguard wildlife from overexploitation. The current period of regulation overhaul should be used as a springboard for amphibian conservation. To mitigate risks, we suggest the following stipulations specifically for amphibians. I) Restrictions to amphibian farming in eastern Asia, in relation to pathogen transmission and the establishment of invasive species. II) Regulation of the amphibian pet trade, with a focus on potential vector species. III) Expansion of the wildlife trade ban, to limit the wildlife-human-pet interface. The resulting actions will benefit both human and wildlife populations, as they will lead to a decrease in the risk of zoonoses and better protection of the environment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases impacting all species, including amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The latest threat to humans is the virus responsible for COVID-19, and the resulting pandemic. Countries in eastern Asia have taken steps to regulate wildlife trade and prevent further zoonoses thereby decreasing the risk of pathogens arising from wild species. However, as amphibians are generally excluded from regulations we support specific trade restrictions: I) Restrictions to amphibian farming; II) regulation of the amphibian pet trade; III) expansion of the wildlife trade ban. These restrictions will benefit both human and wildlife populations by decreasing the risks of zoonoses and better protecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
| | - Jos Kielgast
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Section for Freshwater Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken, 15, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sally Wren
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ariadne Angulo
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin R Messenger
- Herpetology and Applied Conservation Laboratory, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anne Baker
- Amphibian Ark, Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Apple Valley, USA
| | - Marcileida M Dos Santos
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mirza Kusrini
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Irina V Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Daesik Park
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Robert W Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Van Do
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Phillip J Bishop
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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13
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Sun PL, Yang CK, Li WT, Lai WY, Fan YC, Huang HC, Yu PH. Infection with Nannizziopsis guarroi and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in reptiles in Taiwan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:764-775. [PMID: 33638294 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infection is an emerging threat to reptiles. The main pathogens are fungi of the genera Nannizziopsis, Paranannizziopsis and Ophidiomyces. The clinical symptoms range from mild skin lesions to the dissemination of internal organs and even death. Most of the reported cases are from Europe, North America and Australia. In this study, we report the Nannizziopsis guarroi infection in one captive inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), one captive green iguana (Iguana iguana) and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola infection in one wild red-banded snake (Dinodon rufozonatum) and one wild Chinese cobra (Naja atra) in Taiwan. The infections were confirmed by the presence of fungal elements in the tissue. The pathogens were identified based on their morphological and DNA sequence characteristics. The susceptibility profiles of the fungal strains to nine antifungal drugs were obtained using broth microdilution methods. The presence of both fungal species in Asia highlights the urgent need for surveillance and close monitoring of reptile infections to prevent them from spreading and to the possible collapse of reptile populations in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Research Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Yang
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Fishhead Labs, LLC, Stuart, FL, USA.,Pangolin International Biomedical Consultant Ltd., Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yin Lai
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Fan
- Department of Dermatology and Research Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chuen Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Huan Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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den Burg MPV, Van Belleghem SM, Villanueva CNDJ. The continuing march of Common Green Iguanas: arrival on mainland Asia. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Population assessment and impact of trade on the Asian Water Dragon (Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829) in Vietnam. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Gradela A, Souza VN, Queiroz MM, Constantino AC, Faria MD, Pires IC, Correa FM. Serum biochemistry of Trachemys scripta elegans and Trachemys dorbignyi ( Testudines: Emydidae) bred in captivity in the Northeastern semiarid region of Brazil. Vet World 2020; 13:1083-1090. [PMID: 32801558 PMCID: PMC7396337 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1083-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess fundamental biochemical values of healthy animals and to provide useful data on comparative physiologies of Testudines, being assessed the serum biochemistry profiles, and body and tail biometry of Trachemys scripta elegans and Trachemys dorbignyi bred in interaction in the semiarid region of the São Francisco river valley. Materials and Methods: Serum biochemistry variables (urea, creatinine, glucose, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio), and biometry values of the body (mass [body mass (BM)], maximum curvilinear length [carapace length (CL)], and width [carapace width (CW)] of the carapace, maximum curvilinear length [plastron length (PL)], and width [plastron width PW] of the plastron), and the tail (total length of the tail [TLT], pre-cloacal tail length [PrCL], post-cloacal tail length [PoCL]) were measured after 24 h fasting. Results: T. s. elegans displayed higher BM, CL, CW, PL, PW, AST, TP, albumin, and globulin values. T. dorbignyi displayed higher values of glucose, TLT, and PrCL. Variables aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein (TP) in T. s. elegans and glucose in T. dorbignyi explained most of the variance between the species and could serve to distinguish them. Conclusion: We conclude that most of the differences between T. s. elegans and T. dorbignyi shall be explained by biometric variables, AST, TP, and glucose, which characterize interspecific differences. Our results point out terms of reference for these species bred in captivity in the semiarid region of Brazilian Northeastern region and serve as a model for the comparative intra- and inter-species physiology and as a base for the health assessment of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gradela
- Collegiate of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - V N Souza
- ALPHA Veterinary Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M M Queiroz
- Collegiate of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A C Constantino
- Collegiate of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M D Faria
- Collegiate of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - I C Pires
- Collegiate of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - F M Correa
- Department of Statistics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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17
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Li WT, Lee MS, Tseng YC, Yang NY. A case report of reptile-associated nidovirus (serpentovirus) in a ball python (Python regius) in Taiwan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:788-792. [PMID: 32378646 PMCID: PMC7324828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reptile-associated nidoviruses (serpentoviruses) have been reported to cause
proliferative interstitial pneumonia in pythons and other reptile species. A captive,
younger than 2 years old, intact female ball python (Python regius)
showed increased oral mucus, wheezing, and audible breathing with weight loss. Gross and
microscopic examination revealed large amounts of mucus in the esophagus and proliferative
interstitial pneumonia. Serpentovirus genes were detected from the lung tissues by
polymerase chain reaction. The current serpentoviruses was phylogenetically grouped with
the serpentovirus previously identified in the US. No case of serpentovirus infection has
been reported in Asia. The present report provides information of complete genome sequence
and global distribution of serpentovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ta Li
- Department of Pathology, Fishhead Labs, LLC, 5658 SE Pine Ave, Stuart, FL 34997, USA
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. 376, Zhongzheng Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei 251032, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Tseng
- Jong-Shing Animal Hospital, No. 118-1, Dafeng 2nd Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 807508, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Ya Yang
- Jong-Shing Animal Hospital, No. 118-1, Dafeng 2nd Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 807508, Taiwan
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18
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First Report of Co-invasion by the Reptile Nematode Ozolaimus megatyphlon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) with Invasive Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in the Asia-Pacific. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:264-270. [PMID: 31748867 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Co-invasion of naïve ecosystems by non-native parasites is a serious threat to global biodiversity, though such events are difficult to detect early in the invasion process. Green iguanas (Iguana iguana) are an emerging invasive species and have colonised several countries in the Asia-Pacific. A survey was undertaken to determine whether parasites of the green iguana had co-invaded naïve ecosystems with their introduced host. METHODS Over a 10-month period, wild green iguanas were trapped and euthanised in Singapore. All animals were necropsied and sampled for parasites. Parasites were then identified morphologically and subsequently characterised molecularly at the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) locus. RESULTS The reptile nematode Ozolaimus megatyphlon was found in 38% of the sampled green iguanas, with burdens of 100 + worms in all infected animals. This represents the first recorded co-invasion of this species with wild green iguanas in the Asia-Pacific. Based on the molecular characterisation of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) locus, the first DNA barcode is provided for O. megatyphlon. CONCLUSION For the first time, the reptile nematode Ozolaimus megatyphlon is shown to be invasive and to have colonised the Asia-Pacific region with its introduced host, the green iguana. The DNA barcode provided here will facilitate future monitoring programmes as O. megatyphlon invades new habitats and countries.
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