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Azevedo-Santos VM, Fearnside PM, Arcifa MS, Tonella LH, Giarrizzo T, Pelicice FM, Agostinho AA, Magurran AE, Poff NL. Irrigation dams threaten Brazilian biodiversity. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:913-919. [PMID: 38424176 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Brazil is among the main contributors to global biodiversity, which, in turn, provides extensive ecosystem services. Agriculture is an activity that benefits greatly from these ecosystem services, but at the same time is degrading aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and eroding Brazilian biodiversity. This conflict is growing, as emerging unsustainable legislative proposals that will benefit the agricultural sector are likely to accelerate the decline of biodiversity. One such initiative (Bill 1282/2019) would change Brazil's "Forest Code" (Law 12,651/2012) to facilitate construction of irrigation dams in Permanent Preservation Areas, a category that includes strips (with or without vegetation) along the edges of watercourses. Two other similar bills are advancing through committees in the Chamber of Deputies. Here we provide details of these three bills and discuss their consequences for Brazil's biodiversity if they are approved. Expected negative impacts with changes in the legislation include: increased deforestation; siltation; habitat fragmentation; introduction of non-native species; reduction in the availability of aquatic habitats; and changes in biogeochemical process. These proposals jeopardize biodiversity and may compromise the negotiations for an agreement between Mercosur and the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter M Azevedo-Santos
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ecologia e Conservação, Porto Nacional, CEP 77500-000, Tocantins, Brazil.
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá (PCT Guamá), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Philip M Fearnside
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marlene S Arcifa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia H Tonella
- Departamento de Direito, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá (PCT Guamá), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, 60165-081, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Pelicice
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ecologia e Conservação, Porto Nacional, CEP 77500-000, Tocantins, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil
| | - Angelo A Agostinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - N LeRoy Poff
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
- Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
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2
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Limeira-Filho D, Moraes PSS, Almeida MS, Silva ACC, Silva JLN, Farias-Rodrigues L, Teixeira BRS, Anjos JVX, Birindelli JLO, Barros MC, Fraga EC. Fish diversity in the rivers that drain the Baixada Maranhense and the Mearim basin in northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e273525. [PMID: 37909556 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.273525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area of the Brazilian state of Maranhão encompasses a biologically rich region that includes the basins of four principal rivers, the Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré, and Turiaçu, which form a complex of wetlands. The present study provides a comprehensive inventory of the fish fauna of the rivers that drain the Baixada Maranhense based on the identification of voucher specimens that were deposited in a scientific collection. Expeditions were conducted between 2014 and 2020. The inventory identified a total of 100 fish species representing 79 genera, 34 families, and 11 orders, which are found in both freshwater and estuarine environments. Six (Potamotrygon orbignyi, Leporinus piau, Moenkhausia loweae, Serrasalmus spilopleura, Pachypops fourcroi and Peckoltia greedoi) of the 100 taxa identified here are considered to be new records for one or more of the basins surveyed during this study, based on the existing data, while four - Colossoma macropomum, Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Cichla sp. and Cichla kelberi - are not native. The most speciose orders were the Siluriformes and Characiformes, while the most diverse families were the Loricariidae, Characidae, Auchenipteridae, Cichlidae, and Serrasalmidae. These data are consistent with the findings of most of the previous studies of freshwater ecosystems in the Neotropical region, in particular those of the rivers of Maranhão. The results of the present study represent an important advance in the understanding of the diversity of the fish fauna of the Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré, and Turiaçu rivers, which are still poorly studied, and have likely had their diversity underestimated up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Limeira-Filho
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - PPGCA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - P S S Moraes
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão - IFMA, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - M S Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - A C C Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde - PPGBAS, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - J L N Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde - PPGBAS, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - L Farias-Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde - PPGBAS, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - B R S Teixeira
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Curso de Graduação em Ciências com Habilitação em Biologia, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - J V X Anjos
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - J L O Birindelli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - M C Barros
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - PPGCA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde - PPGBAS, Caxias, MA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular - GENBIMOL, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - E C Fraga
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - PPGCA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde - PPGBAS, Caxias, MA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias - CESC, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular - GENBIMOL, Caxias, MA, Brasil
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3
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Elías DJ, McMahan CD, Alda F, García-Alzate C, Hart PB, Chakrabarty P. Phylogenomics of trans-Andean tetras of the genus Hyphessobrycon Durbin 1908 (Stethaprioninae: Characidae) and colonization patterns of Middle America. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279924. [PMID: 36662755 PMCID: PMC9858358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyphessobrycon is one of the most species rich and widely distributed genera in the family Characidae, with more than 160 species ranging from Veracruz, Mexico to Mar Chiquita Lagoon in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The majority of Hyphessobrycon diversity shows a cis-Andean distribution; only nine species are trans-Andean including H. compressus (Meek 1908). It is well established that Hyphessobrycon is not monophyletic but it has been suggested that natural groups can be identified within the larger Hyphessobrycon species group. In this study, we tested the monophyly of trans-Andean species of Hyphessobrycon and investigated the placement of H. compressus. We inferred the first phylogenomic hypothesis of trans-Andean Hyphessobrycon that includes nearly complete taxonomic sampling (eight of nine valid species) using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We analyzed 75% (1682 UCEs), 90% (1258 UCEs), and 95% (838 UCEs) complete data matrices, and inferred phylogenomic hypotheses under concatenation and coalescent approaches. In all cases, we recovered the monophyly of trans-Andean Hyphessobrycon inclusive of H. compressus, strong support for three species groups, and evidence of cryptic diversity within the widespread H. compressus and H. condotensis. We used our phylogenomic hypothesis to investigate the biogeographic history of Hyphessobrycon in Middle America. Our ancestral range estimation analysis suggests a single event of cis- to trans-Andean colonization followed by stepwise colonization from the Pacific slope of northwestern South America (Chocó block) to northern Middle America (Maya block). Our work supports the recognition of the trans-Andean species as Hyphessobrycon sensu stricto and provides an evolutionary template to examine morphological characters that will allow us to better understand the diversity of Hyphessobrycon in Middle America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J. Elías
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Caleb D. McMahan
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fernando Alda
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States of America
- SimCenter: Center for Excellence in Applied Computational Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carlos García-Alzate
- Grupo de Investigación Estudios en Sistemática y Conservación, Universidad del Atlántico-Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Pamela B. Hart
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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4
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Guimarães KLA, Rosso JJ, González-Castro M, Souza MFB, Díaz de Astarloa JM, Rodrigues LRR. A new species of Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the Crepori River, Amazon basin, Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:425-443. [PMID: 34792799 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new species belonging to the Hoplias malabaricus complex from the Amazon basin, Brazil, is described. The new species is characterized by 15-16 predorsal scales, 37-39 lateral-line scales, 5 scales from dorsal fin to lateral line, 38-39 vertebrae, iii-iv, 7-8 anal-fin rays, ii-iv, 12-15 caudal-fin rays, last vertical series of scales on the base of caudal-fin rays forming a straight line, 6-7 dark bands in anal fin and no distinctive dark bands or blotches on flanks. The new species is also distinguished from other congeners of the H. malabaricus species-group by means of landmark-based morphometrics and DNA Barcoding (Cytochrome c Oxidase I gene). An identification key to species of the H. malabaricus species complex is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L A Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede BIONORTE - Polo Pará), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Santarém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Educação, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Juan J Rosso
- Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano González-Castro
- Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mendelsohn F B Souza
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Educação, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Juan M Díaz de Astarloa
- Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luís R R Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede BIONORTE - Polo Pará), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Santarém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Educação, Santarém, Brazil
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5
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Aguiar RG, Guimarães EC, Brito PSD, Santos JP, Katz AM, Dias LJBDS, Carvalho-Costa LF, Ottoni FP. A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A new species of Knodus from the Mearim and Munim River basins, Northeastern Brazil, is herein described based on integrative taxonomy, by using different molecular based species delimitation methods and independent approaches. The new species possesses the combination of character states that usually diagnoses the genus. The new species possesses a similar colour pattern to K. victoriae, which is also morphologically similar to it. The species described herein differs from K. victoriae by possessing more total vertebrae, more branched anal-fin rays, and fewer circumpeduncular scales. We also provide a detailed discussion of the morphological diagnostic features exhibited by Knodus species from adjacent river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erick C. Guimarães
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Pâmella S. de Brito
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Brazil
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6
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Xu W, Lin S, Liu H. Mitochondrial genomes of five Hyphessobrycon tetras and their phylogenetic implications. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12754-12764. [PMID: 34594536 PMCID: PMC8462149 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic affinities within Hyphessobrycon, even among other genera in Characidae, remain unclear. Here, we determined five new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Hyphessobrycon species (H. elachys, H. flammeus, H. pulchripinnis, H. roseus, and H. sweglesi). The mitogenomes were all classical circular structures, with lengths ranging from 16,008 to 17,224 bp. The type of constitutive genes and direction of the coding strand that appeared in the mitogenomes were identical to those of other species in Characidae. The highest value of the Ka/Ks ratio within 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) was found in ND2 with 0.83, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection in the Hyphessobrycon genus. Comparison of the control region sequences among seven Hyphessobrycon fish revealed that repeat units differ in length and copy number across different species, which led to sharp differences in mitogenome sizes. Phylogenetic trees based on the 13 PCGs did not support taxonomic relationships, as the Hyphessobrycon fish mixed with those from other genera. These data were combined to explore higher level relationships within Characidae and could aid in the understanding of the evolution of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shupeng Lin
- College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongyi Liu
- College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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7
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Souza CS, Silva GSC, Ochoa LE, Roxo FF, Costa-Silva GJ, Foresti F, Melo BF, Oliveira C. Molecular and morphological diversity in species of Kronichthys (Teleostei, Loricariidae) from Atlantic coastal rivers of Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:668-679. [PMID: 33128401 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Neotropical catfish genus Kronichthys contains three species distributed along coastal rivers of southern and southeastern Brazil. Although phylogenetic hypotheses are available, the molecular and morphological diversity and species boundaries within the genus remain unexplored. In this study, the authors generated mitochondrial data for 90 specimens combined with morphometric and meristic data to investigate species diversity, species boundaries and putative morphological signatures in Kronichthys. Phylogenetic and species delimitation results clearly show the presence of four genetic lineages, three within Kronichthys heylandi along the coast from Rio de Janeiro to southern São Paulo and a single lineage encompassing both the nominal species Kronichthys lacerta and Kronichthys subteres from the Ribeira de Iguape basin to Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. Nonetheless, morphological data show overlapped ranges in morphometrics and a definition of only two morphotypes, with clear phenotypic differences in the teeth number: K. heylandi differs from K. subteres + K. lacerta by the higher number of premaxillary teeth (30-52 vs. 19-28) and higher number of dentary teeth (28-54 vs. 17-28). Headwater captures and connections of paleodrainages because of sea-level fluctuations represent the two major biogeographic processes promoting species diversification and lineage dispersal of Kronichthys in the Atlantic coastal range of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S C Silva
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia Vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luz E Ochoa
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio F Roxo
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia Vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
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8
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Garavello JC, Ramirez JL, Oliveira AKD, Britski HA, Birindelli JLO, Galetti Jr PM. Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of Neotropical headstanding fish in genus Schizodon (Characiformes: Anostomidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Schizodon encompasses approximately 15 species of Neotropical headstanding fishes. Integrative taxonomy, combining molecular and morphometric analyses with traditional taxonomic methods, was used to investigate Schizodon vittatus and its potential new sister species. Molecular differences between the two species in the barcode are greater than intra-specific variation recovered in species of Schizodon, and the two species represent distinct lineages for approximately one million years. The two species are morphologically very similar, and the meristic data showed great overlap. Morphometric analyses also showed overlap among the putative species but indicated differences in caudal-peduncle depth, orbital diameter, and length of anal-fin rays. Color pattern seems to provide a clear diagnostic feature for the two species. Schizodon vittatus usually has four dark brown transversal bars on body, and its sister species has three conspicuous bars, with the fourth, if present, inconspicuous and dorsal to the lateral line. Schizodon vittatus is redescribed based on the type and recently collected specimens, its type locality is revisited, and its known distribution restricted to the Araguaia and Tocantins drainages. The new species, sister to S. vittatus, distributed in the Xingu and Tapajós drainages, is described. A key for the identification of the Amazon clade species of Schizodon is provided.
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9
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Faria TC, Guimarães KLA, Rodrigues LRR, Oliveira C, Lima FC. A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the lower Amazon basin, Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A new species of Hyphessobrycon belonging to the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the lower rio Tapajós, state of Pará, Brazil, is described. The new species is allocated into the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group due to its color pattern, composed by an anteriorly well-defined, horizontally elongated humeral blotch that becomes diffuse and blurred posteriorly, where it overlaps with a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe that becomes blurred towards the caudal peduncle and the presence, in living specimens, of a tricolored longitudinal pattern composed by a dorsal red or reddish longitudinal stripe, a middle iridescent, golden or silvery longitudinal stripe, and a more ventrally-lying longitudinal dark pattern composed by the humeral blotch and dark midlateral stripe. It can be distinguished from all other species of the group by possessing humeral blotch with a straight or slightly rounded ventral profile, lacking a ventral expansion present in all other species of the group. The new species is also distinguished from Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus by a 9.6% genetic distance in the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. The little morphological distinction of the new species when compared with its most similar congener, H. heterorhabdus, indicates that the new species is one of the first truly cryptic fish species described from the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudio Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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10
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Brito PS, Guimarães EC, Guimarães KLA, Rodrigues LRR, Anjos MR, Katz AM, Carvalho-Costa LF, Ottoni FP. Cryptic speciation in populations of the genus Aphyocharax (Characiformes: Characidae) from eastern Amazon coastal river drainages and surroundings revealed by single locus species delimitation methods. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Recent studies in eastern Amazon coastal drainages and their surroundings have revealed new fish species that sometimes exhibit little morphological differentiation (cryptic species). Thus, we used a DNA-based species delimitation approach to test if populations showing the morphotype and typical character states of the Aphyocharax avary holotype correspond either to A. avary or A. brevicaudatus, two known species from the region, or if they form independent lineages, indicating cryptic speciation. WP and GMYC analyses recovered five lineages (species) in the ingroup, while a bPTP analysis delimited three lineages. ABGD analyses produced two possible results: one corroborating the WP and GMYC methods and another corroborating the bPTP method. All methods indicate undescribed cryptic species in the region and show variation from at least 1 to 4 species in the ingroup, depending on the approach, corroborating previous studies, and revealing this region as a possible hotspot for discovering undescribed fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella S. Brito
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Brazil
| | - Erick C. Guimarães
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Brazil
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Gavazzoni M, Pavanelli CS, Graça WJ, Melo BF, Gubiani ÉA, Margarido VP. Detection of natural hybridization and delimitation of two closely related operational taxonomic units of the Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) complex through integrative approaches. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Astyanax is a species-rich, non-monophyletic genus composed of several supraspecific taxa that are poorly delimited. The Astyanax fasciatus complex is one of these taxa and shows high taxonomic complexity. To elucidate the evolutionary history of the A. fasciatus complex from southern South America, we conducted cytogenetic, molecular and morphological analyses in specimens from the Uruguay River basin. Cytogenetic characters demonstrated two closely related operational taxonomic units: Astyanax sp. 1 (8m+22sm+10st+6a), Astyanax sp. 2 (8m+24sm+10st+4a) and natural hybrids (8m+23sm+8st+5a). 5S ribosomal DNA sites were found in two pairs of m chromosomes and one pair of a chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1, two pairs of a chromosomes and one pair of m chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2, and three m chromosomes and three a chromosomes in hybrids. As51 sites were found in three chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1 and in five chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. Mitochondrial sequence analyses did not separate the two units and hybrids. Morphological analyses revealed differences between Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. This secondary contact with gene flow between lineages that diverged long ago might slow or reverse the differentiation/speciation process. These results help us to understand the evolutionary history of this highly complex clade of Astyanax in southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Gavazzoni
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carla S Pavanelli
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Weferson J Graça
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biologia, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Melo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éder André Gubiani
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (GERPEL), Pós Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Pós Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Margarido
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Oliveira EDS, Guimarães EC, Brito PSD, Vieira LDO, Oliveira RFD, Campos DS, Katz AM, South J, Nunes JLS, Ottoni FP. Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: The Munim River basin is one of the main river drainages of the Hydrological unit Maranhão, but there are few published studies which focus on ichthyological surveys and taxonomic work within this basin. The present study aims to provide a fish species inventory of the Mata da Itamacaoca, one of the few urban protected areas from the upper Munim River basin, comparing the ichthyofauna with other lists by conducted at the upper Munim River basin. A total of 42 collection expeditions were conducted, the sampling was conducted at five collecting sites distributed within the boundaries of Mata de Itamacaoca, upper Munim River basin. Diversity indices were calculated and generalised linear models (GLMs) were employed to assess differences in species richness, diversity and evenness depending on season and location in relation to the reservoir dam wall. In order to visualize fish community differences, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and a one-way PERMANOVA was used to understand whether factors of site, season and location to the dam wall had an effect on fish community compositions. A total of six orders, 13 families, and 23 fish species were found, and the order with the highest species richness, considering all reaches, was Characiformes followed by Cichliformes. The most abundant species was Nannostomus beckfordi, while Pimelodella parnahybae and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were the rarer species sampled. There were no alien invasive species collected within the study area. Species richness was significantly higher below the dam wall, but there were no other significant differences in diversity indices with regards to season or location. Fish community composition was significantly different above and below the dam wall and was significantly affected by sampling site. Season did not have an effect on fish community. This study corroborates other studies conducted in the Unidade Hidrológica Maranhão sensu Hubbert and Renno (2006), that the ichthyofaunal composition and taxonomy of species within this region face major data deficits, anthropogenic impacts, this study may be a baseline for comparing similar environments throughout the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Sousa Campos
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Josie South
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, South Africa
| | - Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Felipe Polivanov Ottoni
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil
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Guimarães EC, Brito PSD, Gonçalves CS, Ottoni FP. An inventory of Ichthyofauna of the Pindaré River drainage, Mearim River basin, Northeastern Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: In the present work, we conducted an extensive long-lasting inventory of the fishes, using different collection methodologies, covering almost the entire Pindaré River drainage, one of the principal tributaries of the Mearim River basin, an area included in the Amazônia Legal region, northeastern Brazil. We reported 101 species, just three of them being non-native, demonstrating that the composition of this studied fish community is majority composed of native species. We found a predominance of species of the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes, corroborating the pattern usually found for the Neotropical fish fauna. Similar to other studies, this inventory was mainly dominated by small characids, representing 21% of the species herein recorded. When comparing the present survey with other species lists published for this region (including the States of Maranhão and Piaui), we can conclude that the freshwater fish fauna of the State of Maranhão is probably still underestimated. We reported 41 more species, and one more species than Soares (2005, 2013) and Abreu et al. (2019) recorded for the entire Mearim River basin, respectively. We believe, however, that the number of species presented by Abreu et al. (2019) is overestimated. We compared our results with all other freshwater fish species inventories performed for the hydrological units Maranhão and Parnaíba sensu Hubbert & Renno (2006). With these comparisons, we concluded that our results evidenced that a high effort was put in the inventory here presented. The two works including more species recorded from coastal river basins of the hydrological units Maranhão and Parnaíba were the works published by Ramos et al. (2014) for the Parnaíba River basin, one of the main and larger river basin of Brazil, and the compiled data published by Castro & Dourado (2011) for the Mearim, Pindaré, Pericumã, and upper Turiaçu River drainages, including 146 and 109 species, respectively. Our survey recorded only 45 less species than Ramos et al. (2014), and eight less species than Castro & Dourado (2011). However, it is essential to emphasize that the number of species presented by Castro & Dourado (2011) is probably overestimated since they did not update and check the taxonomic status of the species of their compiled data. In several cases, they considered more than one name for the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felipe P. Ottoni
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil
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