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Malekpour M, Salarikia SR, Kashkooli M, Asadi-Pooya AA. The genetic link between systemic autoimmune disorders and temporal lobe epilepsy: A bioinformatics study. Epilepsia Open 2023. [PMID: 36929812 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the underlying pathomechanisms of the comorbidity between three common systemic autoimmune disorders (SADs) [i.e., insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using bioinformatics tools. We hypothesized that there are shared genetic variations among these four conditions. METHODS Different databases (DisGeNET, Harmonizome, and Enrichr) were searched to find TLE-associated genes with variants; their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were gathered from the literature. We also did a separate literature search using PubMed with the following keywords for original articles: "TLE" or "Temporal lobe epilepsy" AND "genetic variation," "single nucleotide polymorphism," "SNP," or "genetic polymorphism." In the next step, the SNPs associated with TLE were searched in the LitVar database to find the shared gene variations with RA, SLE, and IDDM. RESULTS Ninety unique SNPs were identified to be associated with TLE. LitVar search identified two SNPs that were shared between TLE and all three SADs (i.e., IDDM, SLE, and RA). The first SNP was rs16944 on the Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene. The second genetic variation was ε4 variation of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. SIGNIFICANCE The shared genetic variations (i.e., rs16944 on the IL-1β gene and ε4 variation of the APOE gene) may explain the underlying pathomechanisms of the comorbidity between three common SADs (i.e., IDDM, SLE, and RA) and TLE. Exploring such shared genetic variations may help find targeted therapies for patients with TLE, especially those with drug-resistant seizures who also have comorbid SADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Malekpour
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kashkooli
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Osteoprotegerin and MTHFR gene variations in rheumatoid arthritis: association with disease susceptibility and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9534. [PMID: 35680906 PMCID: PMC9184606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether the rs2073618 variant (G1181C) of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 (A1298AC) and rs1801133 (C677T) gene polymorphisms contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and RA related subclinical atherosclerosis. Overall 283 RA patients and 595 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for common variants of the OPG and MTHFR genes using PCR based assays. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded following thorough chart review. Surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Carotid/Femoral intima media thickness/plaque formation) along with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed in all RA patients and 280HC. Increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant was detected in RA patients vs HC (42.4% vs. 33%, p-value: 0.04). RA patients with high serum titers of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies displayed increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant of the OPG gene compared to HC (48.6% and 47.5 vs 33.3%, p-values: 0.0029and 0.0077 respectively). Of interest, this genotype turned to be associated with higher carotid IMT scores (0.872 ± 0.264 vs 0.816 ± 0.284, p-value: 0.01) and marginally with higher rates of carotid plaque formation (66% vs 54.1%, p = 0.06). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was more prevalent only in the anti-CCP positive group compared to HC, with no associations detected with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Reduced rates of carotid/femoral plaque formation were detected among RA patients harboring the MTHFR TT genotype (52.4 vs 72.7, p-value: 0.009, respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for classical CVD risk factors (OR [95% CI 0.364 [0.173–0.765], p-value: 0.008). Genetic variations of the osteoprotegerin and MTHFR genes seem to increase susceptibility for seropositive RA and potentially contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis linked to RA. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Mishra A, Wang Y, Yin F, Vitali F, Rodgers KE, Soto M, Mosconi L, Wang T, Brinton RD. A tale of two systems: Lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer's prevention & treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101542. [PMID: 34929348 PMCID: PMC8884386 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurological aging is frequently viewed as a linear process of decline, whereas in reality, it is a dynamic non-linear process. The dynamic nature of neurological aging is exemplified during midlife in the female brain. To investigate fundamental mechanisms of midlife aging that underlie risk for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in late life, we investigated the brain at greatest risk for the disease, the aging female brain. Outcomes of our research indicate that mid-life aging in the female is characterized by the emergence of three phases: early chronological (pre-menopause), endocrinological (peri-menopause) and late chronological (post-menopause) aging. The endocrinological aging program is sandwiched between early and late chronological aging. Throughout the three stages of midlife aging, two systems of biology, metabolic and immune, are tightly integrated through a network of signaling cascades. The network of signaling between these two systems of biology underlie an orchestrated sequence of adaptative starvation responses that shift the brain from near exclusive dependence on a single fuel, glucose, to utilization of an auxiliary fuel derived from lipids, ketone bodies. The dismantling of the estrogen control of glucose metabolism during mid-life aging is a critical contributor to the shift in fuel systems and emergence of dynamic neuroimmune phenotype. The shift in fuel reliance, puts the largest reservoir of local fatty acids, white matter, at risk for catabolism as a source of lipids to generate ketone bodies through astrocytic beta oxidation. APOE4 genotype accelerates the tipping point for emergence of the bioenergetic crisis. While outcomes derived from research conducted in the female brain are not directly translatable to the male brain, the questions addressed in a female centric program of research are directly applicable to investigation of the male brain. Like females, males with AD exhibit deficits in the bioenergetic system of the brain, activation of the immune system and hallmark Alzheimer's pathologies. The drivers and trajectory of mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in the male brain will undoubtedly share common aspects with the female in addition to factors unique to the male. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that midlife endocrine aging can also be a transitional bridge to autoimmune disorders. Collectively, the data indicate that endocrinological aging is a critical period "tipping point" in midlife which can initiate emergence of the prodromal stage of late-onset-Alzheimer's disease. Interventions that target both immune and metabolic shifts that occur during midlife aging have the potential to alter the trajectory of Alzheimer's risk in late life. Further, to achieve precision medicine for AD, chromosomal sex is a critical variable to consider along with APOE genotype, other genetic risk factors and stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Mishra
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kathleen E Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Maira Soto
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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Liu X, Guo R, Huo S, Chen H, Song Q, Jiang G, Yu Y, Huang J, Xie S, Gao X, Lu L. CaP-based anti-inflammatory HIF-1α siRNA-encapsulating nanoparticle for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 343:314-325. [PMID: 35085700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory disease and its treatment is largely limited by drug ineffectiveness or severe side effects. In RA progression, multiple signalling pathways, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, act synergistically to maintain the inflammatory response. To downregulate HIF-1α, NF-κB, and MAPK expression, we proposed HIF-1α siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles encapsulated in apolipoprotein E3-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (HIF-CaP-rHDL) for RA therapy. Here, we evaluated the potential of CaP-rHDL nanoparticles in RA therapy using a murine macrophage line (RAW 264.7) and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. The CaP-rHDL nanoparticles showed significant anti-inflammatory effects along with HIF-1α knockdown and NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Moreover, they inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. In CIA mice, their intravenous administration resulted in high accumulation at the arthritic joint sites, and HIF-CaP-rHDL effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion and relieved bone erosion, cartilage damage, and osteoclastogenesis. Thus, HIF-CaP-rHDL demonstrated great potential in RA precision therapy by inhibiting multiple inflammatory signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shicheng Huo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China.
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Booth MJ, Kobayashi LC, Janevic MR, Clauw D, Piette JD. No increased risk of Alzheimer's disease among people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from a longitudinal cohort study of U.S. older adults. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:48. [PMID: 34763722 PMCID: PMC8588609 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are characterized by systemic inflammation affecting the joints and bodily organs. Studies examining the association between individual IMIDs and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have yielded inconsistent findings. This study examines AD risk across a group of IMIDs in a large population-based sample of older adults. METHODS Data on a national sample of US adults over age 50 was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and linked Medicare claims from 2006 to 2014. IMIDs include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and related conditions. We identified IMIDs from 2006 to 2009 Medicare claims using International Classification of Diseases (ICD9-CM) codes. The date of incident AD was derived from Chronic Conditions Warehouse (CCW) identifiers. We examined the risk of AD from 2009 to 2014 using Cox proportional hazards models, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, gender, education, race, and the genetic risk factor APOE-e4. RESULTS One hundred seventy-one (6.02%) of the 2842 total HRS respondents with Medicare coverage and genetic data were classified with IMIDs. Over the subsequent 6 years, 9.36% of IMID patients developed AD compared to 8.57% of controls (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.09, 95% CI .66-1.81, p = 0.74). Adjusted HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.76-2.12, p = 0.35). Age (HR for 10-year increment 3.56, p < .001), less than high school education (HR 1.70, p = .007), and APOE-e4 (HR 2.61, p < .001 for one or two copies), were also statistically significant predictors of AD. CONCLUSION HRS respondents with common IMIDs do not have increased risk of Alzheimer's disease over a 6-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Booth
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary R Janevic
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA
| | - Daniel Clauw
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rheumatology, Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Piette
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Booth MJ, Janevic MR, Kobayashi LC, Clauw DJ, Piette JD. No association between rheumatoid arthritis and cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional national sample of older U.S. adults. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:24. [PMID: 34404491 PMCID: PMC8371766 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, most prior studies have used convenience samples which are subject to selection biases or have failed to adjust for key confounding variables. We thus examined the association between CI and RA in a large national probability sample of older US adults. METHODS Data were from interviews with 4462 participants in the 2016 wave of the nationally representative U.S. Health and Retirement Study with linked Medicare claims. RA diagnoses were identified via a minimum of two ICD-9CM or ICD-10 codes in Medicare billing records during the prior 2 years. The Langa-Weir Classification was used to classify cognitive status as normal, cognitively impaired non-dementia (CIND), or dementia based on a brief neuropsychological battery for self-respondents and informant reports for proxy respondents. We compared the odds of CI between older adults with and without RA using logistic regression, adjusted for age, education, gender, and race. RESULTS Medicare records identified a 3.36% prevalence of RA (150/4462). While age, gender, education, and race independently predicted CI status, controlling for these covariates we found no difference in CI prevalence according to RA status (prevalent CI in 36.7% of older adults with RA vs. 34.0% without RA; adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.74-1.59, p = .69). CONCLUSION There was no association between RA and CI in this national sample of older U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Booth
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.
| | - Mary R Janevic
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Clauw
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rheumatology, Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Piette
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Glapa-Nowak A, Szczepanik M, Iwańczak B, Kwiecień J, Szaflarska-Popławska AB, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U, Osiecki M, Dziekiewicz M, Stawarski A, Kierkuś J, Banasiewicz T, Banaszkiewicz A, Walkowiak J. Apolipoprotein E variants correlate with the clinical presentation of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1483-1496. [PMID: 33911469 PMCID: PMC8047531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the early age of disease onset. However, there are no reports regarding the relationship with clinical characteristics and disease severity.
AIM To summarise that APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the early age of disease onset.
METHODS In total, 406 patients aged 3-18 with IBD (192 had ulcerative colitis and 214 had Crohn’s disease) were genotyped using the TaqMan hydrolysis probe assay. Clinical expression was described at diagnosis and the worst flare by disease activity scales, albumin and C-reactive protein levels, localisation and behaviour (Paris classification). Systemic steroid intake with the total number of courses, immunosuppressive, biological, and surgical treatment with the time and age of the first intervention were determined. The total number of exacerbation-caused hospitalisations, the number of days spent in hospital due to exacerbation, the number of relapses, and severe relapses were also estimated.
RESULTS Ulcerative colitis patients with the APOEε4 allele had lower C-reactive protein values at diagnosis (P = 0.0435) and the worst flare (P = 0.0013) compared to patients with the APOEε2 allele and genotype APOEε3/ε3. Crohn’s disease patients with the APOEε2 allele scored lower on the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index at diagnosis (P = 0.0204). IBD patients with APOEε2 allele spent fewer days in the hospital due to relapse (P = 0.0440).
CONCLUSION APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the clinical expression of IBD. However, the clinical relevance of the differences identified is rather modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Glapa-Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szczepanik
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
| | - Barbara Iwańczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-369, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kwiecień
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41-800, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marcin Osiecki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Marcin Dziekiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stawarski
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-369, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kierkuś
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banasiewicz
- Chair and Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgical Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-355, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
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Chen YM, Chen PK, Chang CK, Lin CC, Chen HH, Lan JL, Chang SH, Chen DY. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E330. [PMID: 33297350 PMCID: PMC7762228 DOI: 10.3390/life10120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism and adipokines are linked to atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the associations of apoE genotypes with adipokines, inflammatory parameters, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We enrolled 152 RA patients and 49 healthy control (HC) subjects. The apoE genotyping was determined by a polymerase chain reaction, while plasma levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA. Although apoE genotypes distributions were indistinguishable between RA patients and HC, we found significantly higher levels of apoE and adipokines in RA patients compared with HC. RA patients with ε2ε3 genotype had lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, and visfatin, but higher leptin levels compared with ε3ε3 genotype patients. Patients with ε3ε4 genotype had significantly higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and atherogenic index scores compared with ε2ε3 genotype carriers. Moreover, patients with ε2ε3 genotype had significantly lower 10-year CVD risk than ε3ε3 or ε3ε4 genotype patients. ε3ε4 genotype and adiponectin levels were independent predictors of a high 10-year CVD risk. RA patients with ε2ε3 genotype are associated with lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, visfatin, and CVD risk, while RA patients with ε3ε4 genotype exhibited higher levels of LDL-C, insulin resistance, and higher CVD risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (H.-H.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kun Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (H.-H.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Zhou T, Li H, Zhong H, Zhong Z, Lin S. Association of apoE gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism in renal diseases. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1368-1381. [PMID: 33402986 PMCID: PMC7751546 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a central role in the metabolism and homeostasis of lipids. ApoE gene encodes three major isoforms: ε2, ε3 a nd ε4 forming six phenotypes: E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E3 and E4E4. Disorders of the lipid metabolism and the homeostasis are frequently coexist in renal diseases. The association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism were not consistent. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism in renal diseases. METHODS A pre-defined literatures search and selection of eligible relevant investigations were performed to extract and collect data from electronic databases. RESULTS Sixteen articles were enrolled for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphisms and lipid metabolism. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher total cholesterol (TC) than those with E3E3, and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower TC than those with ε3 or ε4, and subjects with ε4 had a higher TC than those with, ε3. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 or E4E4 had a higher triglyceride (TG) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε4 had a higher TG than those with ε3. Subjects with ε2, had a higher level of TG than those with non-ε2. Subjects with E3E4 had a slightly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than those with E3E3. E3E4 appeared to be associated with lower levels of HDL. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 had a notably lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower LDL than those with ε3 or ε4 ApoE gene polymorphisms were not associated with very low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Subjects with E2E3 or E2E4 had higher apoE levels than those with E3E3, and subjects with E4E4 had lower apoE levels than those with E3E3. CONCLUSION ApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with the expression of TC, TG HDL, LDL, Lp(a) or apoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
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10
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Haghani A, Cacciottolo M, Doty KR, D'Agostino C, Thorwald M, Safi N, Levine ME, Sioutas C, Town TC, Forman HJ, Zhang H, Morgan TE, Finch CE. Mouse brain transcriptome responses to inhaled nanoparticulate matter differed by sex and APOE in Nrf2-Nfkb interactions. eLife 2020; 9:e54822. [PMID: 32579111 PMCID: PMC7314548 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of air pollution is undefined for sex and APOE alleles. These major risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined in mice given chronic exposure to nPM, a nano-sized subfraction of urban air pollution. In the cerebral cortex, female mice had two-fold more genes responding to nPM than males. Transcriptomic responses to nPM had sex-APOE interactions in AD-relevant pathways. Only APOE3 mice responded to nPM in genes related to Abeta deposition and clearance (Vav2, Vav3, S1009a). Other responding genes included axonal guidance, inflammation (AMPK, NFKB, APK/JNK signaling), and antioxidant signaling (NRF2, HIF1A). Genes downstream of NFKB and NRF2 responded in opposite directions to nPM. Nrf2 knockdown in microglia augmented NFKB responses to nPM, suggesting a critical role of NRF2 in air pollution neurotoxicity. These findings give a rationale for epidemiologic studies of air pollution to consider sex interactions with APOE alleles and other AD-risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghani
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mafalda Cacciottolo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kevin R Doty
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Carla D'Agostino
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Max Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Nikoo Safi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Terrence C Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Dornsife College, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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11
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Vogt LM, Kwasniewicz E, Talens S, Scavenius C, Bielecka E, Ekdahl KN, Enghild JJ, Mörgelin M, Saxne T, Potempa J, Blom AM. Apolipoprotein E Triggers Complement Activation in Joint Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Binding C1q. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2779-2790. [PMID: 32253242 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We identified apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as one of the proteins that are found in complex with complement component C4d in pooled synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immobilized human ApoE activated both the classical and the alternative complement pathways. In contrast, ApoE in solution demonstrated an isoform-dependent inhibition of hemolysis and complement deposition at the level of sC5b-9. Using electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ApoE interacts differently with C1q depending on its context; surface-bound ApoE predominantly bound C1q globular heads, whereas ApoE in a solution favored the hinge/stalk region of C1q. As a model for the lipidated state of ApoE in lipoprotein particles, we incorporated ApoE into phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes and found that the presence of ApoE on liposomes increased deposition of C1q and C4b from serum when analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, posttranslational modifications associated with RA, such as citrullination and oxidation, reduced C4b deposition, whereas carbamylation enhanced C4b deposition on immobilized ApoE. Posttranslational modification of ApoE did not alter C1q interaction but affected binding of complement inhibitors factor H and C4b-binding protein. This suggests that changed ability of C4b to deposit on modified ApoE may play an important role. Our data show that posttranslational modifications of ApoE alter its interactions with complement. Moreover, ApoE may play different roles in the body depending on its solubility, and in diseased states such as RA, deposited ApoE may induce local complement activation rather than exert its typical role of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Vogt
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewa Kwasniewicz
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Simone Talens
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ewa Bielecka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tore Saxne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; and.,Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden;
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12
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Mishra A, Brinton RD. Inflammation: Bridging Age, Menopause and APOEε4 Genotype to Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:312. [PMID: 30356809 PMCID: PMC6189518 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammatory processes that contribute to development of Alzheimer’s are evident early in the latent prodromal phase and worsen during the course of the disease. Despite substantial mechanistic and clinical evidence of inflammation, therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation have failed to alter the course of the disease. Disparate results from epidemiological and clinical trials targeting inflammation, highlight the complexity of the inflammatory process. Herein we review the dynamics of the inflammatory process across aging, midlife endocrine transitions, and the APOEε4 genotype and their contribution to progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We discuss the chronic inflammatory processes that are activated during midlife chronological and endocrine aging, which ultimately limit the clearance capacity of microglia and lead to immune senescence. Aging, menopause, and APOEε4 combine the three hits of a compromised bioenergetic system of menopause with the chronic low grade innate inflammation of aging with the APOEε4 dyslipidemia and adaptive immune response. The inflammatory immune response is the unifying factor that bridges across each of the risk factors for AD. Immune system regulators that are specific to stage of disease and inflammatory phenotype would provide a therapeutic strategy to disconnect the bridge that drives disease. Outcomes of this analysis provide plausible mechanisms underlying failed clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents in Alzheimer’s patients. Further, they highlight the need for stratifying AD clinical trial cohorts based on inflammatory phenotype. Combination therapies that include targeted use of anti-inflammatory agent’s specific to the immune phenotype are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Mishra
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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13
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Dhillon H, Singh S. Role of Apolipoprotein E in the tangled mystery of pain. Med Hypotheses 2018; 114:58-64. [PMID: 29602467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the common and debilitating health manifestations associated with the majority of diseased conditions, thus making it a serious health concern worldwide. While trying to decipher the cryptic mechanism of pain in hope to provide better gene-based therapeutics, researchers have concluded pain to be of multigenic origin making it hard to cure. Apolipoprotein E is a protein coded by APOE gene containing 4 exons, located on chromosome 19q13.2. It is among the key regulators of various crucial body functions such as lipid transport, apoptosis, vitamin k pathway, and cognition, hence, it is highly suspected to play a pivotal role in the nociception process. However, very few studies have tried and succeeded to find a direct involvement of APOE in pain processing. The current article attempts to throw light on some of the major clinical research findings which strengthen the hypothesis stating that apolipoprotein E has a concealed yet deeply embedded association with the pain regulating pathways, through several underlying physiological, biochemical and neurological processes, that in turn, decide the fate of pain sensation in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Dhillon
- Mata Lajjiawatti Jain Memorial Nursing Institute, Raikot, Punjab, India.
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14
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Soulaidopoulos S, Nikiphorou E, Dimitroulas T, Kitas GD. The Role of Statins in Disease Modification and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:24. [PMID: 29473041 PMCID: PMC5809441 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A complex interplay between traditional risk factors (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, obesity, smoking) and chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of premature atherosclerosis and consequently in the higher incidence of cardiovascular events observed in RA patients. Despite the acknowledgment of elevated cardiovascular risk among RA individuals, its management remains suboptimal. While statin administration has a crucial role in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention strategies as lipid modulating factors, there are limited data concerning the precise benefit of such therapy in patients with RA. Systemic inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatments influence lipid metabolism, leading to variable states of dyslipidemia in RA. Hence, the indications for statin therapy for cardiovascular prevention may differ between RA patients and the general population and the precise role of lipid lowering treatment in RA is yet to be established. Furthermore, some evidence supports a potential beneficial impact of statins on RA disease activity, attributable to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This review discusses existing data on the efficacy of statins in reducing RA-related cardiovascular risk as well as their potential beneficial effects on disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Whittington NHS Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George D. Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Fountation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
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15
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Tanhapour M, Miri A, Vaisi-Raygani A, Bahrehmand F, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Pourmotabbed T, Shakiba E. Synergism between apolipoprotein E Ɛ4 allele and paraoxonase (PON1) 55-M allele is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:971-977. [PMID: 29273831 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidences indicate that abnormal lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation can affect the progression of complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) play important role in lipid metabolism and protection of lipid peroxidation. The polymorphisms of ApoE and paraoxonase (PON1) L55M (Met < Leu) allele genes lead to disorders in lipid metabolism and are related to atherosclerosis. This study is the first investigation to examine the possible association between ApoE and PON1-L55M polymorphisms and correlation with serum arylesterase (ARE) activities of PON, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin, and lipid lipoprotein in SLE patients from Iranian western population. The present case-control study consisted of 107 SLE patients and 101 gender- and age-matched, unrelated, healthy controls from Iran's western population. The ApoE and PON1-L55M genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP method. The serum level of MDA, neopterin, lipid levels, and ARE activity were determined by HPLC, commercial kits, and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results showed that ApoE ε4 and PON1-55M alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 1.47 times (p = 0.038). We found that the frequency of ApoE Ɛ3/Ɛ4 genotype was higher in SLE patients (11.2%) compared with control subjects (5%), although the difference was not significant (p = 0.087). This study for the first time not only demonstrates that ApoE Ɛ4 and PON-55M alleles synergistically increase the risk of SLE but also reveals that serum levels of MDA, neopterin, and LDL-C are high in SLE patients. This information may be in value for evaluating SLE progression and in the elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
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16
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Al-Rayes H, Huraib G, Julkhuf S, Arfin M, Tariq M, Al-Asmari A. Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms in Saudi Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2016; 9:81-7. [PMID: 27257397 PMCID: PMC4877081 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s38090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a glycosylated protein with multiple biological properties. APOE gene polymorphism plays a central role in lipid metabolism and has recently been suggested to regulate inflammation. Our objective is to evaluate whether APOE polymorphism affects susceptibility to SLE. APOE genotyping was performed using ApoE StripAssay™ kit. Results indicated significantly higher frequencies of allele ε4 and genotype ε3/ε4 and lower frequencies of allele ε3 and genotype ε3/ε3 in SLE patients than controls. APOE ε2 allele was found in three patients, whereas it was absent in controls. The frequencies of allele ε4 and genotype ε3/ε4 were significantly higher in SLE patients with renal involvement and those of alleles ε2, ε4 and genotypes ε2/ε3, ε3/ε4 were higher in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is concluded that APOE allele ε4 is associated with susceptibility risk/clinical manifestations of SLE and ε2 may increase its severity while ε3 is protective for SLE in Saudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Al-Rayes
- Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb Huraib
- Medical Services Department, Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Julkhuf
- Medical Services Department, Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahul Arfin
- Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wu S, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Lin JF, Chou HH, Lee MC, Wu YM, Su CW, Ko YL. Interactive effects of C-reactive protein levels on the association between APOE variants and triglyceride levels in a Taiwanese population. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:94. [PMID: 27177774 PMCID: PMC4866423 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a major role in lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the association between APOE gene polymorphisms and serum triglyceride levels remains controversial. We tested the effects of APOE variants on triglyceride levels and their interactions with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in a Taiwanese population. Methods Two APOE single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs429358 and rs7412 were genotyped by TaqMan Assay using real time PCR in 595 healthy subjects attending the clinic for routine visits. Results After adjustment for clinical covariates, subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles were found to have higher CRP levels, whereas those with rs7412-CC genotype and non-ε2 alleles had significantly higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P < 0.01). Using subgroup and interaction analyses, we observed significantly lower triglyceride levels in subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles in the low CRP group (P = 2.71× 10−4 and P = 4.32 × 10−4, respectively), but not in those in the high CRP group (interaction P = 0.013 and 0.045, respectively). In addition, multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles with low CRP levels had significantly lower triglyceride levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, when combined with the risk alleles of GCKR, APOA5 and LPL gene variants, we observed that triglyceride levels increased significantly with the number of risk alleles (P = 2.9 × 10−12). Conclusions The combination of SNPs and ε alleles at the APOE locus is involved in managing lipid and CRP levels in the Taiwanese population. APOE polymorphisms interact with CRP to regulate triglyceride levels, thus triglyceride concentration is influenced by both the genetic background of the APOE locus and the inflammatory status of a subject. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0262-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Feng Lin
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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18
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Zegkos T, Kitas G, Dimitroulas T. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment, management and next steps. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2016; 8:86-101. [PMID: 27247635 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16643340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality which cannot be fully explained by traditional CV risk factors; cumulative inflammatory burden and antirheumatic medication-related cardiotoxicity seem to be important contributors. Despite the acknowledgment and appreciation of CV disease burden in RA, optimal management of individuals with RA represents a challenging task which remains suboptimal. To address this need, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published recommendations suggesting the adaptation of traditional risk scores by using a multiplication factor of 1.5 if two of three specific criteria are fulfilled. Such guidance requires proper coordination of several medical specialties, including general practitioners, rheumatologists, cardiologists, exercise physiologists and psychologists to achieve a desirable result. Tight control of disease activity, management of traditional risk factors and lifestyle modification represent, amongst others, the most important steps in improving CV disease outcomes in RA patients. Rather than enumerating studies and guidelines, this review attempts to critically appraise current literature, highlighting future perspectives of CV risk management in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zegkos
- First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, School of Translational Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Str, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) have an increased risk of premature death compared with the general population, mainly because of the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is similar in patients with RA and in those with diabetes mellitus. Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical expression of cardiovascular comorbidities vary greatly between different rheumatic diseases, but atherosclerosis seems to be associated with all IJDs. Traditional risk factors such as age, gender, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity and diabetes mellitus, together with inflammation, are the main contributors to the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with IJDs. Although cardiovascular risk assessment should be part of routine care in such patients, no disease-specific models are currently available for this purpose. The main pillars of cardiovascular risk reduction are pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as tight control of disease activity.
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20
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Huang W, Liang Q, Chen J, Zhu H, Xie W, Wang Y, Yang B, Peng W, Xiong X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of synovial tissue from rats with collagen-induced arthritis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathway networks involved in RA pathological process were analyzed by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Central of Telemedicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Soochow
- PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Pathology & Immunology
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Houston
- USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine
- The Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- PR China
| | - Xingui Xiong
- Institute of Integrated Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
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Zhou TB, Jiang ZP, Yin SS, Qin YH. Relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and total cholesterol level in patients with kidney diseases. World J Meta-Anal 2013; 1:138-146. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v1.i3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism and total cholesterol (TC) level in patients with kidney diseases.
METHODS: A predefined literature search was performed to collect data from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and eligible relevant studies reporting the association of apoE gene polymorphism with TC level in patients with kidney diseases were recruited for meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were identified for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphism and TC level in patients with kidney disease. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher TC than those with E3E3 [weighted mean differences (WMD) = 2.14, P = 0.01] and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3 (WMD = -1.93, P = 0.01). Subjects with ε2 had a lower TC than those with ε3 (ε2 vs ε3: WMD = -1.23, P = 0.002; ε2 vs ε4: WMD = -2.77, P ﹤0.0001) and subjects with 3 had a lower TC than those with 4 (WMD = -0.79, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: Subjects with apoE E3E4 and ε4 had a higher TC level and subjects with apoE E2E3 and ε2 had a higher TC level in patients with kidney disease. However, more well-designed studies should be performed in the future to confirm these findings.
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Torres T, Chiricozzi A, Chimenti S, Saraceno R. Genetic Markers for Cardiovascular Disease in Psoriasis: The Missing Piece. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 18:93-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Maehlen MT, Provan SA, de Rooy DPC, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, Krabben A, Saxne T, Lindqvist E, Semb AG, Uhlig T, van der Heijde D, Mero IL, Olsen IC, Kvien TK, Lie BA. Associations between APOE genotypes and disease susceptibility, joint damage and lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60970. [PMID: 23613766 PMCID: PMC3629235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lipid levels. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an association has been found with disease activity. We examined the associations between APOE genotypes and disease susceptibility and markers of disease severity in RA, including radiographic joint damage, inflammatory markers, lipid levels and cardiovascular markers. METHOD A Norwegian cohort of 945 RA patients and 988 controls were genotyped for two APOE polymorphisms. We examined longitudinal associations between APOE genotypes and C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as well as hand radiographs (van der Heijde Sharp Score(SHS)) in 207 patients with 10 year longitudinal data. Lipid levels, cardiovascular markers and history of CVD were compared across genotypes in a cross sectional study of 136 patients. Longitudinal radiological data of cohorts from Lund and Leiden were available for replication. (N = 935, with 4799 radiographs). RESULTS In the Norwegian cohort, associations between APOE genotypes and total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were observed (ε2 < ε3/ε3 < ε4, p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). No association was present for acute phase reactant or CVD markers, but a longitudinal linear association between APOE genotypes and radiographic joint damage was observed (p = 0.007). No association between APOE genotypes and the severity of joint destruction was observed in the Lund and Leiden cohorts, and a meta- analysis combining all data was negative. CONCLUSION APOE genotypes are associated with lipid levels in patients with RA, and may contribute to dyslipidemia in some patients. APOE genotypes are not consistently associated with markers of inflammation or joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T Maehlen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Park YJ, Yoo SA, Choi S, Yoo HS, Yoon HS, Cho CS, Yoo KD, Kim WU. Association of polymorphisms modulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with susceptibility, severity, and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:798-808. [PMID: 23588940 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is more prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population. We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) modulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol affect susceptibility, severity, and progression of RA. METHODS We enrolled 302 patients with RA and 1636 healthy controls, and investigated the SNP modulating LDL cholesterol. Clinical characteristics of RA, serum adipocytokine concentrations, and radiographic severity were analyzed according to genotype score based on the number of unfavorable alleles. The influence of genotype score on radiographic progression was also investigated using multivariable logistic models. RESULTS We identified 3 SNP (rs688, rs693, and rs4420638) modulating LDL cholesterol in Koreans, which correlated well with LDL cholesterol levels in both patients with RA and controls. Among them, 2 SNP, rs688 and rs4420638, were more prevalent in patients with RA than in controls. In patients with RA carrying more unfavorable alleles (genotype score ≥ 3), disease activity measures, serum adipocytokine levels, and radiographic severity were all increased. The genotype score was an independent risk factor for radiographic progression of RA over 2 years, and its effect was greater than the influence of conventional risk factors. CONCLUSION SNP modulating LDL cholesterol influence the risk, activity, and severity of RA. These results provide the first evidence that genetic mechanisms linked to dyslipidemia may directly contribute to the susceptibility and prognosis of RA, a representative of chronic inflammatory diseases, explaining the high incidence of dyslipidemia in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune-Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, and the Research Institute of Immunobiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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