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Provan SA, Ahlfors F, Bakland G, Hu Y, Kristianslund EK, Ikdahl E, Kvien TK, Aaløkken TM, Hoffmann-Vold AM. A validation of register-derived diagnoses of interstitial lung disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis: data from the NOR-DMARD study. Scand J Rheumatol 2024; 53:173-179. [PMID: 38314728 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2024.2306716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of knowledge concerning the validity of the interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnoses used in epidemiological studies on rheumatic diseases. This paper seeks to verify register-derived ILD diagnoses using chest computed tomography (CT) and medical records as a gold standard. METHOD The Norwegian Anti-Rheumatic Drug Register (NOR-DMARD) is a multicentre prospective observational study of patients with inflammatory arthritis who start treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. NOR-DMARD is linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) and Cause of Death Registry. We searched registers for ILD coded by ICD-10 J84 or J99 among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or spondyloarthritis. We extracted chest CT reports and medical records from participating hospitals. Two expert thoracic radiologists scored examinations to confirm the ILD diagnosis. We also searched medical records to find justifications for the diagnosis following multidisciplinary evaluations. We calculated the positive predictive values (PPVs) for ILD across subsets. RESULTS We identified 71 cases with an ILD diagnosis. CT examinations were available in 65/71 patients (91.5%), of whom ILD was confirmed on CT in 29/65 (44.6%). In a further 10 patients, medical records confirmed the diagnosis, giving a total of 39/71 verified cases. The PPV of a register-derived ILD diagnosis was thus 54.9%. In a subset of patients who had received an ILD code at two or more time-points and had a CT scan taken within a relevant period, the PPV was 72.2%. CONCLUSION The validity of register-based diagnoses of ILD must be carefully considered in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - F Ahlfors
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska universitetssykehus, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Bakland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Y Hu
- Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - E K Kristianslund
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Ikdahl
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T K Kvien
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T M Aaløkken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Hoffmann-Vold
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Georgiadis S, Ørnbjerg LM, Michelsen B, Kvien TK, Di Giuseppe D, Wallman JK, Závada J, Provan SA, Kristianslund EK, Rodrigues AM, Santos MJ, Rotar Ž, Pirkmajer KP, Nordström D, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT, van der Horst-Bruinsma I, Hellamand P, Østergaard M, Hetland ML. ASDAS-CRP and ASDAS-ESR cut-offs for disease activity states in axial spondyloarthritis - Are they interchangeable? J Rheumatol 2024:jrheum.2023-1217. [PMID: 38621792 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) is recommended over erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ASDAS-ESR) to assess disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Although ASDAS-CRP and ASDAS-ESR are not interchangeable, the same disease activity cut-offs are used for both. We aimed to estimate optimal ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-offs (1.3, 2.1 and 3.5) and investigate the potential improvement of level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states when applying these estimated cut-offs. METHODS We used data from axSpA patients initiating a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor from nine European registries. ASDAS-ESR cut-offs were estimated using the Youden index. Level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states was compared against each other. RESULTS In 3,664 patients, mean ASDAS-CRP was higher than ASDAS-ESR at both baseline (3.6 and 3.4, respectively) and aggregated follow-up at 6, 12, or 24 months (1.9 and 1.8, respectively). The estimated ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-offs were 1.4, 1.9 and 3.3. By applying these cut-offs, the proportion of discordance between disease activity states according to ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP decreased from 22.93% to 19.81% in baseline data but increased from 27.17% to 28.94% in follow-up data. CONCLUSION We estimated the optimal ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-off values. However, applying the estimated cut-offs did not increase the level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states to a relevant degree. Our findings did not provide evidence to reject the established cut-off values for ASDAS-ESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Georgiadis
- S. Georgiadis, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lykke Midtbøll Ørnbjerg
- L. M. Ørnbjerg, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- B. Michelsen, MD, PhD, Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Tore K Kvien
- T. K. Kvien, MD, PhD, Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Wallman
- J. K. Wallman, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakub Závada
- J. Závada (0000-0002-9802-6545), MD, PhD, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sella A Provan
- S. A. Provan, MD, PhD, Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Public Health Section, Inland Norway; University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Eirik Klami Kristianslund
- E. K. Kristianslund, MD, PhD, Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Maria Rodrigues
- A. M. Rodrigues, MD, PhD, EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital dos Lusíadas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Santos
- M. J. Santos, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal and Instituto Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Žiga Rotar
- Ž. Rotar, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Perdan Pirkmajer
- K. Perdan Pirkmajer, MD, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dan Nordström
- D. Nordström, MD, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- G. J. Macfarlane, MD, PhD, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T Jones
- G. T. Jones, PhD, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pasoon Hellamand
- P. Hellamand, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Amsterdam Rheumatology Immunology Center, Reade and Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- M. L. Hetland, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ørbo HS, Bjørlykke KH, Sexton J, Jyssum I, Tveter AT, Christensen IE, Mjaaland S, Kvien TK, Grødeland G, Kro GB, Jahnsen J, Haavardsholm EA, Munthe LA, Provan SA, Vaage JT, Goll GL, Jørgensen KK, Syversen SW. Incidence and outcome of COVID-19 following vaccine and hybrid immunity in patients on immunosuppressive therapy: identification of protective post-immunisation anti-RBD antibody levels in a prospective cohort study. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003545. [PMID: 38599653 PMCID: PMC11015197 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess incidence, severity and predictors of COVID-19, including protective post-vaccination levels of antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD), informing further vaccine strategies for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressive medication. METHODS IMIDs on immunosuppressives and healthy controls (HC) receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were included in this prospective observational study. COVID-19 and outcome were registered and anti-RBD antibodies measured 2-5 weeks post-immunisation. RESULTS Between 15 February 2021 and 15 February 2023, 1729 IMIDs and 350 HC provided blood samples and self-reported COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 was 66% in patients and 67% in HC, with re-infection occurring in 12% of patients. Severe COVID-19 was recorded in 22 (2%) patients and no HC. No COVID-19-related deaths occurred. Vaccine-induced immunity gave higher risk of COVID-19 (HR 5.89 (95% CI 4.45 to 7.80)) than hybrid immunity. Post-immunisation anti-RBD levels <6000 binding antibody units/mL were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 following three (HR 1.37 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.74)) and four doses (HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.62)), and of COVID-19 re-infection (HR 4.47 (95% CI 1.87 to 10.67)). CONCLUSION Vaccinated patients with IMID have a low risk of severe COVID-19. Hybrid immunity lowers the risk of infection. High post-immunisation anti-RBD levels protect against COVID-19. These results suggest that knowledge on COVID-19 history, and assessment of antibody levels post-immunisation can help individualise vaccination programme series in high-risk individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04798625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde S Ørbo
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin H Bjørlykke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne T Tveter
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid E Christensen
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete B Kro
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Provan SA, Litleskare S, Flaten OE, Pettersen H, Røset L, Calogiuri G. Participatory Development of a Virtual Reality Exercise Program for People with Chronic Pain. Games Health J 2024. [PMID: 38563892 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: By describing how a participatory process led to changes in the design of a study of a virtual reality (VR)-guided exercise and mindfulness intervention tailored to people with chronic musculoskeletal pain, this article makes the case for including end user at an early stage when planning research within this field. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel including end-user representatives, researcher, clinicians, and VR developers participated in a 1-day workshop to design a randomized study and a VR-guided intervention. Results: Through the participatory process, changes were made to the original study design with respect to experimental design, duration, content of VR interventions and mode of delivery. Conclusion: This case exemplifies the importance of including end-user participants in the early phases of planning VR interventions for people with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Litleskare
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Ole Einar Flaten
- Game School-Department of Game Development, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Henning Pettersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Social Work and Guidance, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Linda Røset
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Giovanna Calogiuri
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Centre for Health and Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Kared H, Jyssum I, Alirezaylavasani A, Egner IM, The Tran T, Tietze L, Lund KP, Tveter AT, Provan SA, Ørbo H, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Jørgensen K, Syversen SW, Lund-Johansen F, Goll GL, Munthe LA. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity after vaccination and breakthrough infection in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1296273. [PMID: 38455062 PMCID: PMC10917913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1296273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with B cell-depleting drugs induced limited seroconversion but robust cellular response. We aimed to document specific T and B cell immunity in response to vaccine booster doses and breakthrough infection (BTI). Methods We included 76 RA patients treated with rituximab who received up to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses or three doses plus BTI, in addition to vaccinated healthy donors (HD) and control patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). We quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) Spike IgG, anti-nucleocapsid (NC) IgG, 92 circulating inflammatory proteins, Spike-binding B cells, and Spike-specific T cells along with comprehensive high-dimensional phenotyping and functional assays. Findings The time since the last rituximab infusion, persistent inflammation, and age were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG seroconversion. The vaccine-elicited serological response was accompanied by an incomplete induction of peripheral Spike-specific memory B cells but occurred independently of T cell responses. Vaccine- and BTI-elicited cellular immunity was similar between RA and HD ex vivo in terms of frequency or phenotype of Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells and in vitro in terms of the functionality and differentiation profile of Spike-specific T cells. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in RA can induce persistent effector T-cell responses that are reactivated by BTI. Paused rituximab medication allowed serological responses after a booster dose (D4), especially in RA with lower inflammation, enabling efficient humoral and cellular immunity after BTI, and contributed overall to the development of potential durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid M. Egner
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A. Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Ørbo
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A. Haavardsholm
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Gehringer CK, Martin GP, Hyrich KL, Verstappen SMM, Sexton J, Kristianslund EK, Provan SA, Kvien TK, Sergeant JC. Developing and externally validating multinomial prediction models for methotrexate treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from an international collaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 166:111239. [PMID: 38072179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In rheumatology, there is a clinical need to identify patients at high risk (>50%) of not responding to the first-line therapy methotrexate (MTX) due to lack of disease control or discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs). Despite this need, previous prediction models in this context are at high risk of bias and ignore AEs. Our objectives were to (i) develop a multinomial model for outcomes of low disease activity and discontinuing due to AEs 6 months after starting MTX, (ii) update prognosis 3-month following treatment initiation, and (iii) externally validate these models. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A multinomial model for low disease activity (submodel 1) and discontinuing due to AEs (submodel 2) was developed using data from the UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study, updated using landmarking analysis, internally validated using bootstrapping, and externally validated in the Norwegian Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug register. Performance was assessed using calibration (calibration-slope and calibration-in-the-large), and discrimination (concordance-statistic and polytomous discriminatory index). RESULTS The internally validated model showed good calibration in the development setting with a calibration-slope of 1.01 (0.87, 1.14) (submodel 1) and 0.83 (0.30, 1.34) (submodel 2), and moderate discrimination with a c-statistic of 0.72 (0.69, 0.74) and 0.53 (0.48, 0.59), respectively. Predictive performance decreased after external validation (calibration-slope 0.78 (0.64, 0.93) (submodel 1) and 0.86 (0.34, 1.38) (submodel 2)), which may be due to differences in disease-specific characteristics and outcome prevalence. CONCLUSION We addressed previously identified methodological limitations of prediction models for outcomes of MTX therapy. The multinomial approach predicted outcomes of disease activity more accurately than AEs, which should be addressed in future work to aid implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina K Gehringer
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Glen P Martin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Centre for Health Informatics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik K Kristianslund
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jamie C Sergeant
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Konzett V, Kerschbaumer A, Smolen JS, Kristianslund EK, Provan SA, Kvien TK, Aletaha D. Definition of rheumatoid arthritis flare based on SDAI and CDAI. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:169-176. [PMID: 37890977 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate definitions for disease flares in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on the quantitative Simplified and Clinical Disease Activity Indices (SDAI, CDAI). METHODS We analysed RA treatment courses from the Norwegian disease-modifying antirheumatic drug registry (NOR-DMARD) and the Vienna RA cohort. In a receiver operating curve analysis, we determined flare definitions for absolute changes in SDAI and CDAI based on a semiquantitative patient anchor. NOR-DMARD was sampled into an 80%-training cohort for cut point derivation and a 20%-test cohort for internal validation. The definitions were then externally validated in the independent Vienna RA cohort and tested regarding their performance on longitudinal, content, face, and construct validity. RESULTS We analysed 4256 treatment courses from NOR-DMARD and 2557 from the Vienna RA cohort. The preliminary definitions for absolute changes in SDAI and CDAI for flare are an increase of 4.7 and 4.5, respectively. The definitions performed well in the test and external validation cohorts, and showed clinical face and construct validity, as flares significantly impact both functional ( ∆ Health Assessment Questionnaire flare vs no-flare +0.43; p<0.001) and structural ( ∆ modified Sharp Score 43% higher after flare; p<0.001) disease outcomes, and reflect consistent worsening across all disease core sets, both patient reported and objective. CONCLUSION We here provide novel definitions for flare in RA based on SDAI and CDAI, validated in two large independent real-world cohorts. In times of highly effective medications for RA, and consideration of their tapering, these definitions will be useful for guiding decision making in clinical practice and designing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Konzett
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kerschbaumer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eirik Klami Kristianslund
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Kazemi A, Provan SA, Larsen TL, Semb AG. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with inflammatory joint disease-results from the nationwide Norwegian Cardio-rheuma registry. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2024; 10:27-34. [PMID: 37881093 PMCID: PMC10766907 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have increased rates of pulmonary embolism (PE). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use is associated with PE in the general population. Our aim was to evaluate the association between NSAIDs use and PE in IJD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Using individual-level registry data from the whole Norwegian population, including data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Prescription Database, we: (1) evaluated PE risk in IJD compared to non-IJD individuals, (2) applied the self-controlled case series method to evaluate if PE risks were associated with use of traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs) and selective cox-2 inhibitors (coxibs). After a one-year wash-out period, we followed 4 660 475 adults, including 74 001 with IJD (RA: 39 050, PsA: 20 803, and axSpA: 18 591) for a median of 9.0 years. Crude PE incidence rates per 1000 patient years were 2.02 in IJD and 1.01 in non-IJD individuals. Age and sex adjusted hazard ratios for PE events were 1.57 for IJD patients compared to non-IJD. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for PE during tNSAIDs use were 0.78 (0.64-0.94, P = 0.010) in IJD and 1.68 (1.61-1.76, P < 0.001) in non-IJD. IRR (95% CI) for PE during coxibs use was 1.75 (1.10-2.79, P = 0.018) in IJD and 2.80 (2.47-3.18, P < 0.001) for non-IJD. CONCLUSION Pulmonary embolism rates appeared to be higher in IJD than among non-IJD subjects in our study. Traditional NSAIDs may protect against PE in IJD patients, while coxibs may associated with increased PE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Ikdahl
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Rollefstad
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Kazemi
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
- Department Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2406 Elverum, Norway
| | - Trine-Lise Larsen
- Department Hematology, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
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Berg IJ, Tveter AT, Bakland G, Hakim S, Kristianslund EK, Lillegraven S, Macfarlane GJ, Moholt E, Provan SA, Sexton J, Thomassen EE, De Thurah A, Gossec L, Haavardsholm EA, Østerås N. Follow-Up of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis in Specialist Health Care With Remote Monitoring and Self-Monitoring Compared With Regular Face-to-Face Follow-Up Visits (the ReMonit Study): Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled Open-Label Noninferiority Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e52872. [PMID: 38150310 PMCID: PMC10782285 DOI: 10.2196/52872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases such as axial spondyloarthritis have traditionally received regular follow-up in specialist health care to maintain low disease activity. The follow-up has been organized as prescheduled face-to-face visits, which are time-consuming for both patients and health care professionals. Technology has enabled the remote monitoring of disease activity, allowing patients to self-monitor their disease and contact health care professionals when needed. Remote monitoring or self-monitoring may provide a more personalized follow-up, but there is limited research on how these follow-up strategies perform in maintaining low disease activity, patient satisfaction, safety, and cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The Remote Monitoring in Axial Spondyloarthritis (ReMonit) study aimed to assess the effectiveness of digital remote monitoring and self-monitoring in maintaining low disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. METHODS The ReMonit study is a 3-armed, single-site, randomized, controlled, open-label noninferiority trial including patients with axial spondyloarthritis with low disease activity (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score <2.1) and on stable treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to arm A (usual care, face-to-face visits every sixth month), arm B (remote monitoring, monthly digital registration of patient-reported outcomes), or arm C (patient-initiated care, self-monitoring, no planned visits during the study period). The primary end point was disease activity measured with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months. We aimed to include 240 patients, 80 in each arm. Secondary end points included other measures of disease activity, patient satisfaction, safety, and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS The project is funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and Centre for the treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Norway. Enrollment started in September 2021 and was completed with 242 patients by June 2022. The data collection will be completed in December 2023. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this trial will be among the first to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of remote digital monitoring and self-monitoring of patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared with usual care. Hence, the ReMonit study will contribute important knowledge to personalized follow-up strategies for patients with axial spondyloarthritis. These results may also be relevant for other patient groups with inflammatory joint diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05031767; hpps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05031767. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnstein Bakland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sarah Hakim
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik K Kristianslund
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Lillegraven
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Moholt
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil Ek Thomassen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette De Thurah
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laure Gossec
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Rheumatology Department, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Østerås
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Moe SR, Haukeland H, Brunborg C, Botea A, Damjanic N, Wivestad GÅ, Øvreås H, Bøe T, Orre A, Garen T, Lilleby V, Provan SA, Molberg Ø, Lerang K. Persisting mortality gap in systemic lupus erythematosus; a population-based study on juvenile- and adult-onset SLE in Norway 1999-2022. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023:kead519. [PMID: 37769251 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality and survival rates of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a contemporary, population-based setting and assess potential influences by time, sex, ethnicity, classification criteria and age at diagnosis. METHODS We assessed mortality and survival in the Nor-SLE cohort, which includes all chart-review confirmed SLE cases resident in Southeast Norway (population 2.9 million) 1999-2017. Study end was at death, emigration, or 1 October 2022. We defined juvenile SLE by age <16 years at diagnosis. For standardized mortality rate (SMR) estimates, we applied 15 population controls per case, all matched for age, sex, residency, and ethnicity. We analyzed survival by Kaplan-Meier and risk factors by cox regression. RESULTS The Nor-SLE cohort included 1558 SLE cases, of whom 749 were incident and met the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology and American College of Rheumatology (2019-EA) classification criteria. SMR was increased to 1.8 (95% CI 1.6-2.2) in incident adult-onset SLE but did not differ between females and males. Survival rates at 5-, 10-, 15 and 20-years were lower in incident adult-onset SLE than in matched controls. In multivariable analysis, lupus nephritis associated with decreased survival, while sex did not. Separate, long-term mortality analyses in the total Nor-SLE cohort showed that SMR peaked at 7.2 (95% CI 3.3-14) in juvenile-onset SLE (n = 93) and fell gradually by increasing age at SLE diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study shows persistence of a mortality gap between adult-onset SLE and controls at population level and provides indications of worryingly high mortality in juvenile-onset SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Reppe Moe
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Haukeland
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Rheumatology, Martina Hansens Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonela Botea
- Department of Rheumatology, Betanien Hospital, Skien, NorwayAntonela Botea
| | - Nenad Damjanic
- Department of Rheumatology, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Graalum, NorwayNenad Damjanic
| | - Gro Årthun Wivestad
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Heidi Øvreås
- Department of Rheumatology, Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Thea Bøe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Anniken Orre
- Department of Rheumatology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Torhild Garen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibke Lilleby
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Section for Public Health, Innland Norway, University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Lerang
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Delcoigne B, Provan SA, Kristianslund EK, Askling J, Ljung L. How does current disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis affect the short-term risk of acute coronary syndrome? A clinical register based study from Sweden and Norway. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 115:55-61. [PMID: 37355347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate short-term risks of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a function of current RA disease activity including remission. METHODS Data from clinical visits of RA patients in Sweden (SE) and Norway (NO) between January 1st 2012 until December 31st 2020 were used. At each visit, patient's disease activity was assessed including remission status (measured with several metrics). Through linkage to national health and death registers, patients were followed up for incident ACS up to six months from each visit. We compared the short-term risk of ACS in patients not in remission vs. in remission using Cox regression analyses with robust standard errors, adjusted for country and covariates (e.g., age, sex, prednisolone use, comorbidities). We also explored disease activity categories as exposure. RESULTS We included 212,493 visits (10,444 from Norway and 202,049 from Sweden) among 41,250 patients (72% women, mean age at visit 62 years). During the 6-month follow-ups, we observed 524 incident ACS events. Compared to patients in remission, patients currently not in remission had an increased rate of ACS: adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.52 (1.24-1.85) with DAS28 metric. The crude absolute six-month risks were 0.2% for patients in remission vs. 0.4% for patients with DAS28 high disease activity. The use of alternative RA disease activity and remission metrics provided similar results. CONCLUSION Failure to reach remission is associated with elevated short-term risks of ACS, underscoring the need for CV risk factor optimization in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delcoigne
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik K Kristianslund
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lotta Ljung
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Glintborg B, Di Giuseppe D, Wallman JK, Nordström DC, Gudbjornsson B, Hetland ML, Askling J, Grondal G, Sokka T, Provan SA, Michelsen B, Kristianslund EK, Dreyer L, Love TJ, Lindström U. Uptake and effectiveness of newer biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in psoriatic arthritis: results from five Nordic biologics registries. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:820-828. [PMID: 36813538 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the uptake of newer biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the Nordic countries and to compare their retention and effectiveness. METHODS Patients with PsA starting a b/tsDMARD in 2012-2020 in five Nordic rheumatology registers were included. Uptake and patient characteristics were described, with comorbidities identified from linkages to national patient registries. One-year retention and 6-month effectiveness (proportions achieving low disease activity (LDA) on the Disease Activity Index for PSoriatic Arthritis based on 28-joint evaluation) for the newer b/tsDMARDs (abatacept/apremilast/ixekizumab/secukinumab/tofacitinib/ustekinumab) were compared with adalimumab through adjusted regression models stratified by treatment course (first, second/third, and fourth or more). RESULTS In total, 5659 treatment courses with adalimumab (56% biologic-naïve) and 4767 courses with a newer b/tsDMARD (21% biologic-naïve) were included. The uptake of newer b/tsDMARDs increased from 2014 and plateaued in 2018. Patient characteristics appeared similar across treatments at treatment start. Adalimumab was more often used as the first course and newer b/tsDMARDs more often in biologic-experienced patients. Used as a second/third b/tsDMARD, the retention rate and the proportion achieving LDA were significantly better for adalimumab (rate 65%, proportion 59%) compared with abatacept (45%, 37%), apremilast (43%, 35%), ixekizumab (LDA only, 40%) and ustekinumab (LDA only, 40%), but not significantly different from other b/tsDMARDs. CONCLUSION Uptake of newer b/tsDMARDs occurred mainly in biologic-experienced patients. Regardless of mode of action, only a minority of patients starting a second or later b/tsDMARD course remained on drug and achieved LDA. Superior outcomes for adalimumab indicate that the positioning of newer b/tsDMARDs in the PsA treatment algorithm remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Glintborg
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Karlsson Wallman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dan C Nordström
- FOB-FIN and University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research (ICEBIO), Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerdur Grondal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tuulikki Sokka
- Jyväskylä Central Hospital (KSSHP), Jyväskylä, Finland
- UEF, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sella A Provan
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Sorlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Eirik Klami Kristianslund
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Rheumatic Research Aalborg (CERRA), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thorvardur Jon Love
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Department of Research, Landspitali haskolasjukrahus, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Lindström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden
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Glintborg B, Di Giuseppe D, Wallman JK, Provan SA, Nordström D, Hokkanen AM, Österlund J, Kristianslund E, Kvien TK, Gudbjornsson B, Hetland ML, Michelsen B, Jacobsson L, Askling J, Lindström U. Is the risk of infection higher during treatment with secukinumab than with TNF inhibitors? An observational study from the Nordic countries. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:647-658. [PMID: 35723604 PMCID: PMC9891432 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The positioning of secukinumab in the treatment of axial SpA (axSpA) and PsA is debated, partly due to a limited understanding of the comparative safety of the available treatments. We aimed to assess the risk of the key safety outcome infections during treatment with secukinumab and TNF inhibitors (TNFi). METHODS Patients with SpA and PsA starting secukinumab or TNFi year 2015 through 2018 were identified in four Nordic rheumatology registers. The first hospitalized infection during the first year of treatment was identified through linkage to national registers. Incidence rates (IRs) with 95% CIs per 100 patient-years were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios were estimated through Cox regression, with secukinumab as the reference. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate confounding by indication. RESULTS Among 7708 patients with SpA and 5760 patients with PsA, we identified 16 229 treatment courses of TNFi (53% bionaïve) and 1948 with secukinumab (11% bionaïve). For secukinumab, the first-year risk of hospitalized infection was 3.5% (IR 5.0; 3.9-6.3), compared with 1.7% (IR 2.3; 1.7-3.0) during 3201 courses with adalimumab, with the IRs for other TNFi lying in between these values. The adjusted HR for adalimumab, compared with secukinumab, was 0.58 (0.39-0.85). In sensitivity analyses, the difference from secukinumab was somewhat attenuated and in some analyses no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION When used according to clinical practice in the Nordic countries, the observed first-year absolute risk of hospitalized infection was doubled for secukinumab compared with adalimumab. This excess risk seemed largely explained by confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan K Wallman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sella A Provan
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan Nordström
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | | | - Jenny Österlund
- Division of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tore K Kvien
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Lennart Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Ulf Lindström
- Correspondence to: Ulf Lindström, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 115, Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
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Bjørlykke KH, Ørbo HS, Tveter AT, Jyssum I, Sexton J, Tran TT, Christensen IE, Kro GB, Kvien TK, Jahnsen J, Munthe LA, Chopra A, Warren DJ, Mjaaland S, Haavardsholm EA, Grødeland G, Provan SA, Vaage JT, Syversen SW, Goll GL, Jørgensen KK. Four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses or hybrid immunity in patients on immunosuppressive therapies: a Norwegian cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e36-e46. [PMID: 36415604 PMCID: PMC9671616 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Data on response and safety of repeated vaccinations and hybrid immunity in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on immunosuppressive therapy is needed to further develop vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. This study aimed to evaluate hybrid immunity and humoral immune response and safety of four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on immunosuppressive therapy. Methods This prospective observational Norwegian study of vaccine response to COVID-19 (Nor-vaC) included adult patients aged 18 years and older with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis) on immunosuppressive therapy, who had received four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses (vaccine group) or three vaccine doses followed by COVID-19 (hybrid group), and healthy controls receiving three vaccine doses (control group). Patients were recruited from the Division of Rheumatology at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, and the Department of Gastroenterology at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog. Patients who had COVID-19 before the third vaccine dose, and patients with allergies or intolerances to elements of the vaccine were excluded. Antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD antibodies) were assessed 2-4 weeks following vaccination or COVID-19. This study is registered at Clinialtrials.gov, NCT04798625. Findings Between Nov 12, 2021, and April 19, 2022, 1458 participants with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases provided post-vaccination samples at 2-4 weeks following a third vaccine dose. After 544 participants were excluded, 715 (78%) of the remaining 914 participants received the fourth dose of the vaccine, and of these, 536 (75%) provided post-vaccination samples 2-4 weeks after their fourth vaccination (vaccine group). 199 (22%) of the 914 had COVID-19 after their third dose of the vaccine and of these, 167 (84%) provided samples (hybrid group). 256 of the eligible 703 patients had rheumatoid arthritis, 107 had spondyloarthritis, 115 had psoriatic arthritis, 130 had Crohn's disease, and 95 had ulcerative colitis). Median age was 56 years [IQR 45-65], 398 (57%) were women, and 305 (43%) were men. Patients in the vaccine group had higher anti-RBD antibody concentrations following the fourth vaccine dose (median 6192 BAU/ml [IQR 2878-11 243]) than after the third dose (median 5087 BAU/ml [1250-9081]; p< 0·0001), but lower antibody concentrations than the control group following the third dose (median 7595 BAU/ml [5916-12 001]; p< 0·0001). Antibody concentrations were higher in the patients in the hybrid group (23 548 BAU/ml [IQR 11 440-35 935]) than in the vaccine group (p<0·0001). No difference was found in antibody concentrations between the fourth dose of BNT162b2 (full-dose) and mRNA-1273 (half-dose). Patients and controls had a comparable safety profile after both three and four vaccine doses. Interpretation Vaccine boosters improve humoral immune responses and are safe in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on immunosuppressive therapy, and administration should be considered regularly in this patient group. Hybrid immunity with omicron induces a strong humoral response suggesting longer intervals between booster doses in this patient group. Funding The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Akershus University Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H Bjørlykke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Correspondence to: Dr Kristin H Bjørlykke, Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hilde S Ørbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne T Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T Tran
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid E Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tore K Kvien
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Section for Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Delcoigne B, Ljung L, Provan SA, Glintborg B, Hetland ML, Grøn KL, Peltomaa R, Relas H, Turesson C, Gudbjornsson B, Michelsen B, Askling J. Short-term, intermediate-term and long-term risks of acute coronary syndrome in cohorts of patients with RA starting biologic DMARDs: results from four Nordic countries. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:789-797. [PMID: 35318218 PMCID: PMC9120408 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the 1-year, 2-year and 5-year incidences of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting any of the biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) currently available in clinical practice and to anchor these results with a general population comparator. METHODS Observational cohort study, with patients from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden starting a bDMARD during 2008-2017. Time to first ACS was identified through register linkages. We calculated the 1-year, 2-year and 5-year incidence rates (IR) (on drug and ever since treatment start) and used Cox regression (HRs) to compare ACS incidences across treatments taking ACS risk factors into account. Analyses were further performed separately in subgroups defined by age, number of previous bDMARDs and history of cardiovascular disease. We also compared ACS incidences to an individually matched general population cohort. RESULTS 24 083 patients (75% women, mean age 56 years) contributing 40 850 treatment courses were included. During the maximum (5 years) follow-up (141 257 person-years (pyrs)), 780 ACS events occurred (crude IR 5.5 per 1000 pyrs). Overall, the incidence of ACS in RA was 80% higher than that in the general population. For all bDMARDs and follow-up definitions, HRs were close to 1 (etanercept as reference) with the exception of the 5-year risk window, where signals for abatacept, infliximab and rituximab were noted. CONCLUSION The rate of ACS among patients with RA initiating bDMARDs remains elevated compared with the general population. As used in routine care, the short-term, intermediate-term and longer-term risks of ACS vary little across individual bDMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotta Ljung
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Bente Glintborg
- The DANBIO registry and Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- The DANBIO registry and Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ritva Peltomaa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Relas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Rheumatology Research, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Syversen SW, Jyssum I, Tveter AT, Tran TT, Sexton J, Provan SA, Mjaaland S, Warren DJ, Kvien TK, Grødeland G, Nissen‐Meyer LSH, Ricanek P, Chopra A, Andersson AM, Kro GB, Jahnsen J, Munthe LA, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Lund‐Johansen F, Jørgensen KK, Goll GL. Immunogenicity and Safety of Standard and Third Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1321-1332. [PMID: 35507355 PMCID: PMC9347774 DOI: 10.1002/art.42153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective Immunogenicity and safety following receipt of the standard SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination regimen in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are poorly characterized, and data after receipt of the third vaccine dose are lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate serologic responses and adverse events following the standard 2‐dose regimen and a third dose of SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine in IMID patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Methods Adult patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis, as well as healthy adult controls, who received the standard 2‐dose SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination regimen were included in this prospective observational study. Analyses of antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS–CoV‐2 spike protein were performed prior to and 2–4 weeks after vaccination. Patients with a weak serologic response, defined as an IgG antibody titer of ≤100 arbitrary units per milliliter (AU/ml) against the receptor‐binding domain of the full‐length SARS–Cov‐2 spike protein, were allotted a third vaccine dose. Results A total of 1,505 patients (91%) and 1,096 healthy controls (98%) had a serologic response to the standard regimen (P < 0.001). Anti‐RBD antibody levels were lower in patients (median 619 AU/ml interquartile range [IQR] 192–4,191) than in controls (median 3,355 AU/ml [IQR 896–7,849]) (P < 0.001). The proportion of responders was lowest among patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitor combination therapy, JAK inhibitors, or abatacept. Younger age and receipt of messenger RNA–1273 vaccine were predictors of serologic response. Of 153 patients who had a weak response to the standard regimen and received a third dose, 129 (84%) became responders. The vaccine safety profile among patients and controls was comparable. Conclusion IMID patients had an attenuated response to the standard vaccination regimen as compared to healthy controls. A third vaccine dose was safe and resulted in serologic response in most patients. These data facilitate identification of patient groups at risk of an attenuated vaccine response, and they support administering a third vaccine dose to IMID patients with a weak serologic response to the standard regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tore K. Kvien
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- University of Oslo, Oslo, and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | | | | | - John T. Vaage
- Oslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
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17
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Jyssum I, Kared H, Tran TT, Tveter AT, Provan SA, Sexton J, Jørgensen KK, Jahnsen J, Kro GB, Warren DJ, Vaage EB, Kvien TK, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Anderson AM, Grødeland G, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Mjaaland S, Syversen SW, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Goll GL. Humoral and cellular immune responses to two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4:e177-e187. [PMID: 34977602 PMCID: PMC8700278 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis, humoral and cellular immune responses after two or three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not well characterised. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS This prospective, cohort study (Nor-vaC) was done at two hospitals in Norway. For this sub-study, we enrolled patients with rheumatoid arthritis on rituximab treatment and healthy controls who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to the Norwegian national vaccination programme. Patients with insufficient serological responses to two doses (antibody to the receptor-binding domain [RBD] of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein concentration <100 arbitrary units [AU]/mL) were allotted a third vaccine dose. Antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured in serum 2-4 weeks after the second and third doses. Vaccine-elicited T-cell responses were assessed in vitro using blood samples taken before and 7-10 days after the second dose and 3 weeks after the third dose from a subset of patients by stimulating cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells with spike protein peptides. The main outcomes were the proportions of participants with serological responses (anti-RBD antibody concentrations of ≥70 AU/mL) and T-cell responses to spike peptides following two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04798625, and is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Feb 9, 2021, and May 27, 2021, 90 patients were enrolled, 87 of whom donated serum and were included in our analyses (69 [79·3%] women and 18 [20·7%] men). 1114 healthy controls were included (854 [76·7%] women and 260 [23·3%] men). 49 patients were allotted a third vaccine dose. 19 (21·8%) of 87 patients, compared with 1096 (98·4%) of 1114 healthy controls, had a serological response after two doses (p<0·0001). Time since last rituximab infusion (median 267 days [IQR 222-324] in responders vs 107 days [80-152] in non-responders) and vaccine type (mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2) were significantly associated with serological response (adjusting for age and sex). After two doses, 10 (53%) of 19 patients had CD4+ T-cell responses and 14 (74%) had CD8+ T-cell responses. A third vaccine dose induced serological responses in eight (16·3%) of 49 patients, but induced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in all patients assessed (n=12), including responses to the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2). Adverse events were reported in 32 (48%) of 67 patients and in 191 (78%) of 244 healthy controls after two doses, with the frequency not increasing after the third dose. There were no serious adverse events or deaths. INTERPRETATION This study provides important insight into the divergent humoral and cellular responses to two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A third vaccine dose given 6-9 months after a rituximab infusion might not induce a serological response, but could be considered to boost the cellular immune response. FUNDING The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway Covid, the KG Jebsen Foundation, Oslo University Hospital, the University of Oslo, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Dr Trygve Gythfeldt og frues forskningsfond, the Karin Fossum Foundation, and the Research Foundation at Diakonhjemmet Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Jyssum
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne T Tveter
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin K Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Grete B Kro
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline B Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ane Marie Anderson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Christensen IE, Lillegraven S, Mielnik P, Bakland G, Loli L, Sexton J, Uhlig T, Kvien TK, Provan SA. Serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: data from register linkage of the NOR-DMARD study. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 81:398-401. [PMID: 34625404 PMCID: PMC8862047 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of serious infections (SIs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), and compare risk of SIs between patients with RA and PsA. METHODS We included patients with RA and PsA from the NORwegian-Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug registry starting TNFi treatment. Crude incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratio for SIs were calculated. The risk of SIs in patients with RA and PsA was compared using adjusted Cox-regression models. RESULTS A total of 3169 TNFi treatment courses (RA/PsA: 1778/1391) were identified in 2359 patients. Patients with RA were significantly older with more extensive use of co-medication. The crude IRs for SIs were 4.17 (95% CI 3.52 to 4.95) in patients with RA and 2.16 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.81) in patients with PsA. Compared with the patients with RA, patients with PsA had a lower risk of SIs (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.85, p=0.004) in complete set analysis. The reduced risk in PsA versus RA remained significant after multiple adjustments and consistent across strata based on age, gender and disease status. CONCLUSIONS Compared with patients with RA, the risk of SIs was significantly lower in patients with PsA during TNFi exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Egeland Christensen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Lillegraven
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Mielnik
- Section for Rheumatology; Department for Neurology, Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway
| | - Gunnstein Bakland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Liz Loli
- Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Joe Sexton
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Till Uhlig
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Provan SA, Sexton J, Christensen IE, Kristianslund EK, Kvien TK. Viral respiratory infections in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021; 39:1146. [DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/nl1bg0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sella A. Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Joe Sexton
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tore K. Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Berg IJ, Provan SA. Inflammatory Joint Diseases and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Modern Rheumatology. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:311-313. [PMID: 34236998 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- I.J. Berg, MD, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sella A Provan
- I.J. Berg, MD, PhD, Consultant Rheumatologist; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Consultant Rheumatologist, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Lund Hansen R, Schoedt Jørgensen T, Dreyer L, Hetland ML, Glintborg B, Askling J, Di Giuseppe D, Jacobsson LTH, Wallman JK, Nordstrom D, Aaltonen K, Kristianslund EK, Kvien TK, Provan SA, Gudbjornsson B, Love TJ, Kristensen LE. Inflammatory hallmarks of lesser prominence in psoriatic arthritis patients starting biologics: a Nordic population-based cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:140-146. [PMID: 32591790 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess secular trends in baseline characteristics of PsA patients initiating their first or subsequent biologic DMARD (bDMARD) therapy and to explore prescription patterns and treatment rates of bDMARDs from 2006 to 2017 in the Nordic countries. METHODS PsA patients registered in the Nordic rheumatology registries initiating any treatment with bDMARDs were identified. The bDMARDs were grouped as original TNF inhibitor [TNFi; adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETN) and infliximab (IFX)]; certolizumab pegol (CZP) and golimumab (GOL); biosimilars and ustekinumab, based on the date of release. Baseline characteristics were compared for the five countries, supplemented by secular trends with R2 calculations and point prevalence of bDMARD treatment. RESULTS A total of 18 089 patients were identified (Denmark, 4361; Iceland, 449; Norway, 1948; Finland, 1069; Sweden, 10 262). A total of 54% of the patients were female, 34.3% of patients initiated an original TNFi, 8% CZP and GOL, 7.5% biosimilars and 0.3% ustekinumab as a first-line bDMARD. Subsequent bDMARDs were 25.2% original TNFi, 9% CZP and GOL, 12% biosimilars and 2.1% ustekinumab. From 2015 through 2017 there was a rapid uptake of biosimilars. The total of first-line bDMARD initiators with lower disease activity increased from 2006 to 2017, where an R2 close to 1 showed a strong association. CONCLUSION Across the Nordic countries, the number of prescribed bDMARDs increased from 2006 to 2017, indicating a previously unmet need for bDMARDs in the PsA population. In recent years, PsA patients have initiated bDMARDs with lower disease activity compared with previous years, suggesting that bDMARDs are initiated in patients with a less active inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Lund Hansen
- Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen
| | | | - Lene Dreyer
- Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen.,Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg
| | - Merete L Hetland
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Glintborg
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - Johan K Wallman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dan Nordstrom
- ROB-FIN, Division of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University
| | - Kalle Aaltonen
- Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research (ICEBIO), University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
| | - Thorvadur J Love
- University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - L E Kristensen
- Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen
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Chatzidionysiou K, Hetland ML, Frisell T, Di Giuseppe D, Hellgren K, Glintborg B, Nordström D, Peltomaa R, Aaltonen K, Trokovic N, Kristianslund EK, Kvien TK, Provan SA, Gudbjornsson B, Grondal G, Dreyer L, Kristensen LE, Jørgensen TS, Jacobsson LTH, Askling J. Effectiveness of a Second Biologic After Failure of a Non-tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor As First Biologic in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1512-1518. [PMID: 33649069 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), evidence regarding the effectiveness of a second biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) in patients whose first-ever bDMARD was a non-tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) bDMARD is limited. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the outcome of a second bDMARD (non-TNFi: rituximab [RTX], abatacept [ABA], or tocilizumab [TCZ], separately; and TNFi) after failure of a non-TNFi bDMARD as first bDMARD. METHODS We identified patients with RA from the 5 Nordic biologics registers who started treatment with a non-TNFi as first-ever bDMARD but switched to a second bDMARD. For the second bDMARD, we assessed drug survival (at 6 and 12 months) and primary response (at 6 months). RESULTS We included 620 patients starting a second bDMARD (ABA 86, RTX 40, TCZ 67, and TNFi 427) following failure of a first non-TNFi bDMARD. At 6 and 12 months after start of their second bDMARD, approximately 70% and 60%, respectively, remained on treatment, and at 6 months, less than one-third of patients were still on their second bDMARD and had reached low disease activity or remission according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. For those patients whose second bMDARD was a TNFi, the corresponding proportion was slightly higher (40%). CONCLUSION The drug survival and primary response of a second bDMARD in patients with RA switching due to failure of a non-TNFi bDMARD as first bDMARD is modest. Some patients may benefit from TNFi when used after failure of a non-TNFi as first bDMARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chatzidionysiou
- K. Chatzidionysiou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, T. Frisell, PhD, Associate Professor, D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, K. Hellgren, MD, PhD, J. Askling, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- M.L. Hetland, MD, PhD, Professor, B. Glintborg, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, on behalf of the DANBIO Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frisell
- K. Chatzidionysiou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, T. Frisell, PhD, Associate Professor, D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, K. Hellgren, MD, PhD, J. Askling, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- K. Chatzidionysiou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, T. Frisell, PhD, Associate Professor, D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, K. Hellgren, MD, PhD, J. Askling, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellgren
- K. Chatzidionysiou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, T. Frisell, PhD, Associate Professor, D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, K. Hellgren, MD, PhD, J. Askling, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bente Glintborg
- M.L. Hetland, MD, PhD, Professor, B. Glintborg, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, DANBIO and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, on behalf of the DANBIO Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Nordström
- D. Nordström, MD, PhD, Professor, R. Peltomaa, MD, PhD, N. Trokovic, MS, Helsinki University and Hospital (ROB-FIN), Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Peltomaa
- D. Nordström, MD, PhD, Professor, R. Peltomaa, MD, PhD, N. Trokovic, MS, Helsinki University and Hospital (ROB-FIN), Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Aaltonen
- K. Aaltonen, MD, PhD, Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Trokovic
- D. Nordström, MD, PhD, Professor, R. Peltomaa, MD, PhD, N. Trokovic, MS, Helsinki University and Hospital (ROB-FIN), Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eirik K Kristianslund
- E.K. Kristianslund, MD, PhD, T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD, Professor, S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- E.K. Kristianslund, MD, PhD, T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD, Professor, S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- E.K. Kristianslund, MD, PhD, T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD, Professor, S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- B. Gudbjornsson, MD, PhD, Professor, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gerdur Grondal
- G. Grondal, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Centre for Rheumatology Research, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lene Dreyer
- L. Dreyer, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Erik Kristensen
- L.E. Kristensen, MD, PhD, Professor, T.S. Jørgensen, MD, PhD, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Schjødt Jørgensen
- L.E. Kristensen, MD, PhD, Professor, T.S. Jørgensen, MD, PhD, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- L.T. Jacobsson, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- K. Chatzidionysiou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, T. Frisell, PhD, Associate Professor, D. Di Giuseppe, PhD, K. Hellgren, MD, PhD, J. Askling, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Provan SA, Dean LE, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ. The changing states of fibromyalgia in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4121-4129. [PMID: 34469570 PMCID: PMC8409995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify factors associated with FM development and recovery in patients with axial SpA (axSpA). Methods The British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis (BSRBR-AS) recruited patients with axSpA from 83 centres in a prospective study. FM was diagnosed using the self-reported Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria from 2015. Measures of axSpA disease activity and clinical findings were recorded at regular intervals. We identified predictors for FM development and recovery between yearly visits using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models. Results A total of 801 participants, 247 (30.8%) female, had two or more visits and were eligible for inclusion. A total of 686 participants did not have FM at baseline, of whom 45 had developed FM at follow-up, while 115 participants had FM at baseline, of whom 77 had recovered at follow-up. A high baseline BASDAI score [odds ratio (OR) 1.27 (95% CI 1.08, 1.49)] and Widespread Pain Index (WPI) [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02, 1.28)] were significantly associated with FM development in the final multivariable model. A low baseline BASFI score [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.53, 0.86)] and WPI [OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.720, 0.97)] and starting a TNF inhibitor [OR 3.86 (95% CI 1.54, 9.71)] were significantly associated with FM recovery. Conclusion High levels of disease activity and the presence of widespread pain is associated with the development of FM in patients with axSpA, while low levels of the same variables and starting a TNF inhibitor are associated with recovery from FM. The presence of comorbid FM should be considered in patients with persistent high axSpA disease activity and widespread pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Epidemiology Group and Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda E Dean
- Epidemiology Group and Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gareth T Jones
- Epidemiology Group and Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Department of Rheumatology, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Epidemiology Group and Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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24
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Provan SA, Lillegraven S, Sexton J, Angel K, Austad C, Haavardsholm EA, Kvien TK, Uhlig T. Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis: a 20-year follow-up matched case-cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:505-512. [PMID: 31504942 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in consecutive cohorts of patients with incident RA, compared with population comparators. METHODS The Oslo RA register inclusion criteria were diagnosis of RA (1987 ACR criteria) and residency in Oslo. Patients with disease onset 1994-2008 and 10 matched comparators for each case were linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Hazard ratios for all-cause and CVD mortality were calculated for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years of observation using stratified cox-regression models. Mortality trends were estimated by multivariate cox-regression. RESULTS 443, 479 and 469 cases with disease incidence in the periods 94-98, 99-03 and 04-08 were matched to 4430, 4790 and 4690 comparators, respectively. For cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2003, the all-cause mortality of cases diverged significantly from comparators after 10 years of disease duration [hazard ratio (95% CI) 94-98 cohort 1.42 (1.15-1.75): 99-03 cohort 1.37 (1.08-1.73)]. CVD related mortality was significantly increased after 5 years for the 94-98 cohort [hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.86 (1.16-2.98) and after 10 years for the 99-03 cohort 1.80 (1.20-2.70)]. Increased mortality was not observed in the 04-08 cohort where cases had significantly lower 10-year all-cause and CVD mortality compared with earlier cohorts. CONCLUSION All-cause and CVD mortality were significantly increased in RA patients diagnosed from 1994 to 2003, compared with matched comparators, but not in patients diagnosed after 2004. This may indicate that modern treatment strategies have a positive impact on mortality in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Lillegraven
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joe Sexton
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Angel
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Austad
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Till Uhlig
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hammer HB, Michelsen B, Provan SA, Sexton J, Lampa J, Uhlig T, Kvien TK. Tender Joint Count and Inflammatory Activity in Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Longitudinal Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 72:27-35. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand Norway
| | | | | | - Jon Lampa
- Karolinska InstituteKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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26
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Provan SA, Rollefstad S, Ikdahl E, Mathiessen A, Berg IJ, Eeg I, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Kvien TK, Hammer HB, Østerås N, Haugen IK, Semb AG. Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk across phenotypes of osteoarthritis. BMC Rheumatol 2019; 3:33. [PMID: 31410391 PMCID: PMC6686275 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-019-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to explore the associations between ultrasonographic and radiographic joint scores and levels of arterial CVD risk markers in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Secondly, to compare the levels of arterial CVD risk markers between OA phenotypes and controls. Method The "Musculoskeletal pain in Ullensaker" Study (MUST) invited residents of Ullensaker municipality with self-reported OA to a medical examination. OA was defined according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and phenotyped based on joint distribution. Joints of the hands, hips and knees were examined by ultrasonography and conventional radiography, and scored for osteosteophytes. Hands were also scored for inflammation by grey scale (GS) synovitis and power Doppler (PD) signal. Control populations were a cohort of inhabitants of Oslo (OCP), and for external validation, a UK community-based register (UKPC).Pulse pressure augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured using the Sphygmocor apparatus (Atcor®). Ankel-brachial index (ABI) was estimated in a subset of patients. In separate adjusted regression models we explored the associations between ultrasonography and radiograph joint scores and AIx, PWV and ABI. CVD risk markers were also compared between phenotypes of OA and controls in adjusted analyses. Results Three hundred and sixty six persons with OA were included (mean age (range); 63.0 (42.0-75.0)), (females (%); 264 (72)). Of these, 155 (42.3%) had isolated hand OA, 111 (30.3%) had isolated lower limb OA and 100 (27.3%) had generalized OA. 108 persons were included in the OCP and 963 persons in the UKPC; (mean age (range); OCP: 57.2 (40.4-70.4), UKPC: 63.9 (40.0-75.0), females (%); OCP: 47 (43.5), UKPC: 543 (56.4%). Hand osteophytes were associated with AIx while GS and PD scores were not related to CVD risk markers. All OA phenotypes had higher levels of AIx compared to OCP in adjusted analyses. External validation against UKPC confirmed these findings. Conclusions Hand osteophytes might be related to higher risk of CVD. People with OA had higher augmented central pressure compared to controls.Words 330.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Rollefstad
- 2Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Ikdahl
- 2Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - I J Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Eeg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - I B Wilkinson
- 3Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M McEniery
- 3Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - H B Hammer
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Østerås
- 4National Resource Centre for rehabilitation in Rheumatology. Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I K Haugen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo, Norway
| | - A G Semb
- 2Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hammer HB, Michelsen B, Sexton J, Haugen IK, Provan SA, Haavardsholm EA, Uhlig T, Kvien TK. Swollen, but not tender joints, are independently associated with ultrasound synovitis: results from a longitudinal observational study of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1179-1185. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesJoint swelling and tenderness are considered a proxy for inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With ultrasound-detected inflammation as reference, our objectives were to explore on patient and joint level the associations between ultrasound synovitis and joint swelling, tenderness and patient-reported joint pain (PRJP).Methods209 patients with established RA were examined six times during 12 months with assessment of 32 joints in upper/lower extremities for joint swelling/tenderness and Grey scale (GS)/power Doppler (PD) synovitis. PRJP was assessed on a manikin. Correlations between different sum scores were at each examination calculated using Spearman’s rho (r), agreement at joint level was examined by Cohen’s kappa and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between joint assessment and GS/PD scores.ResultsAt patient level, swollen joints were strongly correlated with GS/PD sum scores (r=0.64–0.88), while tender joints were primarily associated with PRJP (r=0.54–0.68). At joint level, GS/PD pathology had higher agreement with swelling (kappa 0.54–0.57) than tenderness (kappa 0.20–0.21) or PRJP (0.23–0.25). Higher percentages of joints were swollen according to increasing GS/PD scores, independently of joint tenderness. However, joints being tender, but not swollen, were not associated with GS/PD scores. Receiver operating curves showed swollen but not tender joints to be associated with GS/PD scores.ConclusionsSwollen joints were strongly associated with ultrasound detected synovitis at both patient and joint level, while this association was not found for tender joints. These results may question if tender joints reflect ongoing inflammation in established RA.
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Joseph KL, Hagen KB, Tveter AT, Magnusson K, Provan SA, Dagfinrud H. Osteoarthritis‐Related Walking Disability and Arterial Stiffness: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:252-258. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karin Magnusson
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Lund University Lund Sweden
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30
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Glintborg B, Lindström U, Aaltonen K, Kristianslund EK, Gudbjornsson B, Chatzidionysiou K, Askling J, Nordström D, Hetland ML, Di Giuseppe D, Dreyer L, Kristensen LE, Jørgensen TS, Eklund K, Grondal G, Ernestam S, Joensuu J, Törmänen MRK, Skydsgaard H, Hagfors J, Kvien TK, Lie E, Fagerli K, Geirsson AJ, Jonsson H, Provan SA, Krogh NS, Jacobsson LTH. Biological treatment in ankylosing spondylitis in the Nordic countries during 2010–2016: a collaboration between five biological registries. Scand J Rheumatol 2018; 47:465-474. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1444199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Glintborg
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Lindström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Aaltonen
- Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - EK Kristianslund
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Gudbjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Chatzidionysiou
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Nordström
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - ML Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Di Giuseppe
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - LE Kristensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - TS Jørgensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Grondal
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Ernestam
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Joensuu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
| | - MRK Törmänen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Skydsgaard
- The Danish Rheumatism Association, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Hagfors
- Norwegian Rheumatism Association, Oslo, Norway
| | - TK Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Lie
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Fagerli
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - AJ Geirsson
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - SA Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - LTH Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Berg IJ, Semb AG, Sveaas SH, Fongen C, van der Heijde D, Kvien TK, Dagfinrud H, Provan SA. Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Arterial Stiffness in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Cross-sectional Study. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1522-1525. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To assess associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, measured by arterial stiffness, in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.VO2peak was assessed by a maximal walking test on a treadmill. Arterial stiffness was measured noninvasively (Sphygmocor apparatus). Cross-sectional associations between VO2peak and arterial stiffness were analyzed using backward multivariable linear regression.Results.Among 118 participating patients, there were significant inverse associations between VO2peak and arterial stiffness, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and measures of disease activity.Conclusion.Reduced CRF may be related to increased risk of CVD in AS.
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Chatzidionysiou K, Hetland ML, Frisell T, Di Giuseppe D, Hellgren K, Glintborg B, Nordström D, Aaltonen K, Törmänen MRK, Klami Kristianslund E, Kvien TK, Provan SA, Guðbjörnsson B, Dreyer L, Kristensen LE, Jørgensen TS, Jacobsson L, Askling J. Opportunities and challenges for real-world studies on chronic inflammatory joint diseases through data enrichment and collaboration between national registers: the Nordic example. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000655. [PMID: 29682328 PMCID: PMC5905834 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increasing needs for detailed real-world data on rheumatic diseases and their treatments. Clinical register data are essential sources of information that can be enriched through linkage to additional data sources such as national health data registers. Detailed analyses call for international collaborative observational research to increase the number of patients and the statistical power. Such linkages and collaborations come with legal, logistic and methodological challenges. In collaboration between registers of inflammatory arthritides in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland, we plan to enrich, harmonise and standardise individual data repositories to investigate analytical approaches to multisource data, to assess the viability of different logistical approaches to data protection and sharing and to perform collaborative studies on treatment effectiveness, safety and health-economic outcomes. This narrative review summarises the needs and potentials and the challenges that remain to be overcome in order to enable large-scale international collaborative research based on clinical and other types of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chatzidionysiou
- Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- DANBIO Registry, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellgren
- Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bente Glintborg
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Nordström
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Aaltonen
- Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna RK Törmänen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Guðbjörnsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lene Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Erik Kristensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Schjødt Jørgensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lennart Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Provan SA, Olstad DS, Solberg EE, Smedslund G, Dagfinrud H. Evidence of reduced parasympathetic autonomic regulation in inflammatory joint disease: A meta-analyses study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 48:134-140. [PMID: 29291895 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are inflammatory joint disorders (IJD) with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a risk factor for CVD, and parasympathetic AD is linked to key features of IJD such as inflammation, physical inactivity and pain. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is a marker of cardiac AD. The study objective was to compare parasympathetic cardiac AD, measured by HRV, between patients with IJD and healthy controls, using meta-analysis methodology, and to examine the impact of inflammation, physical inactivity and pain on HRV in IJD. METHODS Medline, Embase and Amed were searched. Inclusion criteria were adult case-control studies published in English or a Scandinavian language, presenting HRV data in IJD. Two measures of HRV and 3 from the Ewing protocol were selected: square root of mean squared difference of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), high frequency (HF), Ewing protocol; standing (E-S), breathing (E-B) and Valsalva (E-V). Patients with RA, SpA and healthy controls were compared separately using random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS In all, 35 papers were eligible for inclusion. For RMSSD the pooled SMD (95% CI) RA vs. controls was -0.90 (-1.35 to -0.44), for SpA vs. controls; -0.34 (-0.73 to 0.06). For HF pooled SMD RA vs. controls was -0.78 (-0.99 to -0.57), for SpA vs. controls; -0.04 (-0.22 to 0.13). All Ewing parameters were significantly lower in cases, except for E-V which was comparable between cases and controls in patients with RA. CONCLUSION Patients with IJD have cardiac parasympathetic AD which is related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PB 23 Vindern, 0319 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Daniela Schäfer Olstad
- Department of Rheumatology, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik E Solberg
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Smedslund
- Department of Rheumatology, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- Department of Rheumatology, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Sveaas SH, Berg IJ, Fongen C, Provan SA, Dagfinrud H. High-intensity cardiorespiratory and strength exercises reduced emotional distress and fatigue in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:117-121. [PMID: 28891743 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1347276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of high-intensity exercise on emotional distress, fatigue, and ability to do a full day's activities in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHOD A total of 28 physically inactive axSpA patients were randomized to either an exercise group (EG), which performed 12 weeks of cardiorespiratory and strength exercises, or a control group (CG), which received treatment as usual. The outcomes reported in this paper are secondary outcomes in the trial and included emotional distress (General Health Questionnaire-12, 0-36, 36 = worst), fatigue [numeric rating scale (NRS), 0-10, 10 = worst], and ability to do a full day's activities (NRS, 0-10, 10 = worst). Post-intervention differences were assessed by analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included in the analyses. All patients in the EG followed the exercise protocol. The EG had a statistically significant beneficial effect [mean group differences (95% confidence interval)] on emotional distress [-5.8, (-9.7, -1.9), p < 0.01], fatigue [-2.4, (-4.3, -0.4), p = 0.02], and ability to do a full day's work [-2.2, (-3.9, -0.4), p = 0.02] compared to the CG. CONCLUSION This pilot study showed promising effects of cardiorespiratory and strength exercises on emotional distress, fatigue, and ability to do a full day's activities in patients with axSpA. The findings need to be confirmed in a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Sveaas
- a Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - I J Berg
- b Department of Rheumatology , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - C Fongen
- a Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - S A Provan
- b Department of Rheumatology , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - H Dagfinrud
- a Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,c Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Provan SA, Olsen IC, Austad C, Haugeberg G, Kvien TK, Uhlig T. Calcium supplementation and inflammation increase mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: A 15-year cohort study in 609 patients from the Oslo Rheumatoid Arthritis Register. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 46:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Wibetoe G, Olsen IC, Berg IJ, Hisdal J, Uhlig T, Haugeberg G, Kvien TK, Provan SA, Semb AG. Predictive Value of Arterial Stiffness and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1622-30. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective.We evaluated the predictive value of these vascular biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation index (AIx), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and carotid plaques (CP). They are often used as risk markers for CVD.Methods.In 2007, 138 patients with RA underwent clinical examination, laboratory tests, blood pressure testing, and vascular biomarker measurements. Occurrence of CVD events was recorded in 2013. Predictive values were assessed in Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank, and crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression analyses.Results.Baseline median age and disease duration was 59.0 years and 17.0 years, respectively, and 76.1% were women. CVD events occurred in 10 patients (7.2%) during a mean followup of 5.4 years. Compared with patients with low aPWV, AIx, cIMT, and without CP, patients with high aPWV (p < 0.001), high AIx (p = 0.04), high cIMT (p = 0.01), and CP (p < 0.005) at baseline experienced more CVD events. In crude Cox PH regression analyses, aPWV (p < 0.001), cIMT (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.01), statin (p = 0.01), and corticosteroid use (p = 0.01) were predictive of CVD events, while AIx was nonsignificant (p = 0.19). The Cox PH regression estimates for vascular biomarkers were not significantly altered when adjusting individually for demographic variables, traditional CVD risk factors, RA disease-related variables, or medication. All patients who developed CVD had CP at baseline.Conclusion.CP, aPWV, and cIMT were predictive of CVD events in this cohort of patients with RA. Future studies are warranted to examine the additive value of arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis markers in CVD risk algorithms. Regional Ethical Committee approval numbers 2009/1582 and 2009/1583.
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Sveaas SH, Berg IJ, Provan SA, Semb AG, Olsen IC, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Vøllestad N, Hagen KB, Kvien TK, Dagfinrud H. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional comparative study. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 44:118-24. [PMID: 25756521 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.956142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insight into the most important inflammatory pathways in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be of importance in risk stratification and the development of treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to compare circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers between AS patients and controls, and explore associations between these biomarkers and clinical measures of disease activity. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, 143 AS patients were compared with 124 population controls. Blood samples were analysed by immunoassays for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17a, IL-23, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) and 2 (sTNF-R2), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Disease activity was measured by the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). RESULTS Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated elevated plasma levels of sTNF-R1 [geometrical mean 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-1.00) vs. 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.89) ng/mL, p < 0.01] and OPG (2.3, 95% CI 2.1-2.4 vs. 2.0, 95% CI 1.9-2.2 ng/mL, p = 0.02) and, although not significant, of IL-23 (122, 95% CI 108-139 vs. 106, 95% CI 93-120 pg/mL, p = 0.07) in AS patients vs. CONTROLS More AS patients had a high level of sTNF-R2 than controls (22 vs. 1, p < 0.01). No differences between the groups were seen for IL-6 and IL-17a. In patients, no significant associations were seen between inflammatory markers and disease activity measures after adjusting for personal characteristics. CONCLUSION Significantly higher plasma levels of sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, and OPG and numerically but non-significantly higher levels of IL-23 were found in AS patients compared to controls, indicating that these cytokines and cytokine receptors are important inflammatory pathways. Clinical measures of disease activity were not significantly correlated with circulating inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Sveaas
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Berg IJ, Semb AG, van der Heijde D, Kvien TK, Olsen IC, Dagfinrud H, Provan SA. CRP and ASDAS are associated with future elevated arterial stiffness, a risk marker of cardiovascular disease, in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results after 5-year follow-up. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1562-6. [PMID: 25795906 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with elevated arterial stiffness in a 5-year follow-up of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI) and AS disease activity score (ASDAS) were recorded in 2003, and arterial stiffness (Augmentation Index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)) in 2008/2009. Patients were grouped into quartiles according to baseline CRP, ESR and BASDAI and four ASDAS groups. Trend analyses were performed using ANCOVA (AIx/PWV as dependent variable) with separate models for CRP, ESR, BASDAI and ASDAS (age and gender adjusted). Independent predictors of future AIx and PWV levels were identified in multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 85 patients participated. Increasing baseline values of CRP, ESR and ASDAS were associated with elevated AIx on follow-up (p(trend) 0.01, 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). Similar non-significant patterns were seen for PWV. In the multivariate analyses, baseline CRP and ASDAS were independently associated with future elevated AIx (p=0.03 and0.02, respectively). In the multivariate PWV model, results for CRP and ASDAS were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Baseline CRP and ASDAS were associated with future elevated arterial stiffness measured as AIx, supporting that disease activity is related to future risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- Department of Rheumatology, Preventive Cardio-Rheuma clinic, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge C Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Berg IJ, van der Heijde D, Dagfinrud H, Seljeflot I, Olsen IC, Kvien TK, Semb AG, Provan SA. Disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis and associations to markers of vascular pathology and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:645-53. [PMID: 25641897 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to examine the associations between disease activity and CVD risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done of patients with AS grouped according to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) into ASDAS-high and ASDAS-low. Markers of vascular pathology, impaired endothelial function [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)], and arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and traditional CVD risk factors [blood pressure, lipids, body mass index (BMI), CVD risk scores] were compared between AS and controls as well as across ASDAS-high versus ASDAS-low versus controls using ANCOVA analyses. RESULTS Altogether, 151 patients with AS and 134 controls participated. Patients had elevated ADMA (µmol/l) and AIx (%) compared to controls: mean difference (95% CI): 0.05 (0.03, 0.07), p < 0.001 and 2.6 (0.8, 4.3), p = 0.01, respectively. AIx increased with higher ASDAS level, p(trend) < 0.04. There were no significant group differences of PWV. BMI was higher in ASDAS-high compared to ASDAS-low (p = 0.02). Total cholesterol was lower in AS compared to controls, and lower with higher ASDAS, p(trend) = 0.02. CVD risk scores were similar across groups except for Reynolds Risk Score, where the ASDAS-high group had a significantly higher score, compared to both ASDAS-low and controls. CONCLUSION Elevated ADMA and AIx in AS support a higher CVD risk in AS. Elevated AIx and BMI in AS with high ASDAS indicate an association between disease activity and CVD risk. Lower total cholesterol in AS may contribute to underestimation of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo.
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Inge Christoffer Olsen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Tore K Kvien
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Sella A Provan
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
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Navarro-Compán V, Landewé R, Provan SA, Ødegård S, Uhlig T, Kvien TK, Keszei AP, Ramiro S, van der Heijde D. Relationship between types of radiographic damage and disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the EURIDISS cohort: a longitudinal study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:83-90. [PMID: 25065011 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess if any of the different types of radiographic damage [true joint space narrowing (JSN), (sub)luxation and erosions] are preferentially related to disability in patients with RA. METHODS Longitudinal data from 167 RA patients from the European Research on Incapacitating Diseases and Social Support study over 10 years were analysed to investigate the relationship between the three types of radiographic damage and disability [grip strength, HAQ and the dexterity scale in the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS)]. A longitudinal analysis including separate models per type of damage and joint group and combined models including all information was conducted. RESULTS All types of damage were inversely related to grip strength in the analysis of separate models, but only true JSN independently remained statistically significant in the combined analysis [β = -0.087 (95% CI -0.151, -0.022)]. Neither JSN, (sub)luxation nor erosions were associated with HAQ score, while erosions were associated with AIMS dexterity only in the analysis of separate models. After stratifying for hand joint group, erosions at MCP joints [β = -0.288 (95% CI -0.556, -0.019)] and true JSN at the wrist [β = -0.132 (95% CI -0.234, -0.030)] were significantly related to grip strength. Erosions at the PIP [β = 0.017 (95% CI 0.005, 0.028)] and MCP joints [β = 0.114 (95% CI 0.010, 0.217)] was the only type of damage associated with HAQ and AIMS dexterity, respectively. CONCLUSION All types of radiographically visible joint damage interfere with important aspects of physical functions. True JSN is most closely related to hand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Navarro-Compán
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal.
| | - Robert Landewé
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Sigrid Ødegård
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Till Uhlig
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - András P Keszei
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
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Berg IJ, Semb AG, van der Heijde D, Kvien TK, Hisdal J, Olsen IC, Dagfinrud H, Provan SA. Uveitis is associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014; 44:309-13. [PMID: 24968705 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the literature describing AS patients with a history of uveitis is limited. The objective was to examine if a history of uveitis in patients with AS is associated with increased disease activity and functional impairment and to investigate whether uveitis is associated with an increased frequency of cardiovascular comorbidities, defined here as hypertension and atherosclerosis. METHODS Data were recorded cross-sectionally through patient interviews, blood samples, clinical examination, and questionnaires. Carotid plaques were identified by ultrasonography. AS disease activity and function were compared across categories of uveitis using ANCOVA analyses. Associations between uveitis and hypertension and atherosclerosis [atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or carotid plaque] were analyzed in multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 159 patients with AS (61.6% male, mean age 50.5 years), 84 (52.8%) had experienced one or more episodes of uveitis. AS disease activity was higher in patients with a history of uveitis, statistically significant for functional impairment [Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI)] [mean difference (95% CI)] lnBASFI = 0.2 (0.0-0.3), p = 0.05. Patients with uveitis had an increased odds ratio [OR (95% CI)] for hypertension [3.29 (1.29-8.41), p = 0.01] and atherosclerosis [2.57 (1.15-5.72), p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS AS patients with a history of uveitis had non-significantly higher disease activity and significantly higher functional impairment. A history of uveitis was associated with hypertension as well as atherosclerosis. These results may be important in identifying AS patients with elevated risk of CVD but should be confirmed in longitudinal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway.
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge C Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vinderen, Oslo N-0319, Norway
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Maehlen MT, Provan SA, de Rooy DPC, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, Krabben A, Saxne T, Lindqvist E, Semb AG, Uhlig T, van der Heijde D, Mero IL, Olsen IC, Kvien TK, Lie BA. Associations between APOE genotypes and disease susceptibility, joint damage and lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60970. [PMID: 23613766 PMCID: PMC3629235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lipid levels. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an association has been found with disease activity. We examined the associations between APOE genotypes and disease susceptibility and markers of disease severity in RA, including radiographic joint damage, inflammatory markers, lipid levels and cardiovascular markers. METHOD A Norwegian cohort of 945 RA patients and 988 controls were genotyped for two APOE polymorphisms. We examined longitudinal associations between APOE genotypes and C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as well as hand radiographs (van der Heijde Sharp Score(SHS)) in 207 patients with 10 year longitudinal data. Lipid levels, cardiovascular markers and history of CVD were compared across genotypes in a cross sectional study of 136 patients. Longitudinal radiological data of cohorts from Lund and Leiden were available for replication. (N = 935, with 4799 radiographs). RESULTS In the Norwegian cohort, associations between APOE genotypes and total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were observed (ε2 < ε3/ε3 < ε4, p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). No association was present for acute phase reactant or CVD markers, but a longitudinal linear association between APOE genotypes and radiographic joint damage was observed (p = 0.007). No association between APOE genotypes and the severity of joint destruction was observed in the Lund and Leiden cohorts, and a meta- analysis combining all data was negative. CONCLUSION APOE genotypes are associated with lipid levels in patients with RA, and may contribute to dyslipidemia in some patients. APOE genotypes are not consistently associated with markers of inflammation or joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T Maehlen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Semb AG, Rollefstad S, Provan SA, Kvien TK, Stranden E, Olsen IC, Hisdal J. Carotid plaque characteristics and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:359-68. [PMID: 23322468 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carotid plaques (CP) are predictive of acute coronary syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting that atherosclerotic plaques in these patients are vulnerable. The objective of our study was to characterize vulnerability of CP in patients with RA compared to a control population, and between RA patients with different levels of disease activity. METHODS Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries was performed in 152 patients with RA and 89 controls. CP echolucency was evaluated by the Gray-Scale Median (GSM) technique. Lower GSM values indicate higher vulnerability of plaques. CP characteristics were compared between RA patients with active disease and in remission, and between patients and controls. All analyses were performed with adjustment for confounding factors (sex, age, smoking, and blood pressure). Poisson regression analysis was used for count data, mixed modeling for GSM and area per plaque, and analysis of covariance for minimum GSM value per patient. RESULTS Patients with RA more frequently had CP (median 2, range 0, 4) compared with controls (median 1, range 0, 3; p < 0.001), after adjustment for age and sex. Patients with active RA disease according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) had lower median GSM (p = 0.03), minimum GSM (p = 0.03), and a larger CP area (although the latter finding was not significant; p = 0.27), compared with patients with RA in remission. These findings were not confirmed for other disease measures (Simplified Disease Activity Index, Disease Activity Score-28, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate). CONCLUSION Patients with RA had more CP compared with controls and patients in CDAI remission, and controls had more stable CP than patients with active disease; these findings point to the importance of achieving remission in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Semb
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Angel K, Provan SA, Fagerhol MK, Mowinckel P, Kvien TK, Atar D. Effect of 1-year anti-TNF-α therapy on aortic stiffness, carotid atherosclerosis, and calprotectin in inflammatory arthropathies: a controlled study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:644-50. [PMID: 22378036 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis are increased in patients with inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The proinflammatory protein calprotectin is associated with inflammatory arthropathies, vascular pathology, and acute coronary events. We examined the long-term effects of treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists on aortic stiffness and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with inflammatory arthropathies, and the relationships to the levels of calprotectin. METHODS Fifty-five patients with RA, AS, or PsA and a clinical indication for anti-TNF-α therapy were included and followed with regular examinations for 1 year. Thirty-six patients starting with anti-TNF-α therapy were compared with a nontreatment group of 19 patients. Examinations included assessments of aortic stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity, aPWV), CIMT, and plasma calprotectin. RESULTS After 1 year, aPWV (mean (s.d.)) was improved in the treatment group, but not in the control group (-0.54 [0.79] m/s vs. 0.06 [0.61] m/s, respectively; P = 0.004), and CIMT progression (median (quartile cut-points, 25th and 75th percentiles)) was reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group (-0.002 [-0.038, 0.030] mm vs. 0.030 [0.011, 0.043] mm, respectively; P = 0.01). In multivariable analyses, anti-TNF-α therapy over time was associated with improved aPWV (P = 0.02) and reduced CIMT progression (P = 0.04), and calprotectin was longitudinally associated with aPWV (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Long-term anti-TNF-α therapy improved aortic stiffness and CIMT progression in patients with inflammatory arthropathies. Calprotectin may be a soluble biomarker reflecting aortic stiffening in these patients.
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Provan SA, Semb AG, Hisdal J, Stranden E, Agewall S, Dagfinrud H, Angel K, Atar D, Kvien TK. Remission is the goal for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional comparative study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:812-7. [PMID: 21288959 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.141523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an active disease state and those with RA in remission, and to compare both groups with community controls. METHODS 113 patients with RA and 86 community controls were assessed across a panel of biomarkers for CVD. RA in remission was defined as Clinical Disease Activity Index ≤2.8. Community controls were selected at random by Statistics Norway, and controls were matched with patients in the cohorts in strata using details of age, sex and residential area. A panel of biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), total cholesterol, reactive hyperaemia index (RHI), pressure measurements, measures of arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness) were compared between patients with active RA and those with RA in remission. Both groups were compared with controls. In addition, biomarker levels were compared across subgroups based on anticyclic citrullinated peptide status, level of joint destruction and presence of extra-articular manifestations. RESULTS Patients with active RA had significantly higher levels of NT-proBNP, brachial systolic pressure, augmentation index and central systolic pressure but lower cholesterol than patients in remission and controls. In addition, patients with active RA had significantly higher levels of pulse wave velocity and worse RHI than patients in remission. Comparison across other subgroups gave less consistent differentiations in levels of CVD risk markers. CONCLUSION Patients with active RA, but not those in remission, had significantly increased levels of CVD risk markers. These results link inflammatory activity to markers of CVD risk in patients with RA and may indirectly support the notion that remission in RA confers diminished cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PB.23 Vindern, N-0319 Oslo,
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Provan SA, Angel K, Semb AG, Mowinckel P, Agewall S, Atar D, Kvien TK. Early prediction of increased arterial stiffness in patients with chronic inflammation: a 15-year followup study of 108 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:606-12. [PMID: 21239744 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether early markers of RA inflammatory disease activity could predict later increased levels of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), 2 measures of arterial stiffness. METHODS In total 238 patients with early RA were followed longitudinally and 108 were available for the 15-year followup examination. Comprehensive baseline clinical and radiographic data were collected in 1992. Arterial stiffness, measured as AIx and PWV (Sphygmocor apparatus), was recorded at the 15-year followup. Adjusted logistic univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with levels of AIx and PWV as the dependent variables, and variables reflecting baseline RA disease activity as possible predictors. The validity of the final models was examined in linear regression analyses. RESULTS Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) above the median predicted increased AIx (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.04-11.90) and PWV (OR 4.84, 95% CI 1.39-16.83) at the 15-year assessment in multivariate models. Patients with elevated baseline CRP had significantly higher AIx (ß = 2.67, 95% CI 0.06-5.31, p = 0.045) and lnPWV (ß = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.14, p = 0.02) after 15 years, after adjustments for age, sex, heart rate (AIx only) and mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION Inflammation early in the RA disease course was associated with increased AIx and PWV after 15 years. These findings support the importance of early control of the inflammatory process in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Provan SA, Angel K, Odegård S, Mowinckel P, Atar D, Kvien TK. The association between disease activity and NT-proBNP in 238 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-year longitudinal study. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R70. [PMID: 18573197 PMCID: PMC2483462 DOI: 10.1186/ar2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, of which N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a predictor. Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between markers of inflammation, measures of RA disease activity, medication used in the treatment of RA, and NT-proBNP levels (dependent variable). Methods Two hundred thirty-eight patients with RA of less than 4 years in duration were followed longitudinally with three comprehensive assessments of clinical and radiographic data over a 10-year period. Serum samples were frozen and later batch-analyzed for NT-proBNP levels and other biomarkers. Bivariate, multivariate, and repeated analyses were performed. Results C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at baseline were cross-sectionally associated with NT-proBNP levels after adjustment for age and gender (r2 adjusted = 0.23; P < 0.05). At the 10-year follow-up, risk factors for cardiovascular disease were recorded. Duration of RA and CRP levels were independently associated with NT-proBNP in the final model that was adjusted for gender, age, and creatinine levels (r2 adjusted = 0.38; P < 0.001). In the longitudinal analyses, which adjusted for age, gender, and time of follow-up, we found that repeated measures of CRP predicted NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion CRP levels are linearly associated with levels of NT-proBNP in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of patients with RA. The independent associations of NT-proBNP levels and markers of disease activity with clinical cardiovascular endpoints need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella A Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Box 23 Vindern, N-0319 Oslo, Norway.
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