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Limcharoen T, Chaniad P, Chonsut P, Punsawad C, Juckmeta T, Konyanee A, Rais IR, Sangkaew S. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant Activities, and Molecular Docking Study of Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udomsak, a Thai Traditional Remedy. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:1322310. [PMID: 38716223 PMCID: PMC11074829 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1322310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udomsak remedy (KKR) has traditionally been used as an alternative treatment, particularly for hyperglycemia; however, its therapeutic efficacy has not been scientifically validated. Thus, this study aims to investigate the potential inhibitory and antioxidant effects of α-glucosidase enzyme and characterize the chemical profile of KKR extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigation highlights both KKR extracts as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase, with the ethanolic extract of KKR (KKRE) displaying an IC50 value of 46.80 µg/mL and a noncompetitive mode of action. The combination of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of KKR (KKRE and KKRA, respectively) with acarbose exhibited a synergistic effect against the α-glucosidase. The KKRE extract displayed strong scavenging effects in the DPPH assay (IC50 156.3 µg/mL) and contained significant total phenolic (172.82 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (77.41 mg QE/g extract) contents. The major component of KKRE is palmitic acid (15.67%). Molecular docking revealed that the major compounds interacted with key amino acid residues (ASP215, GLU277, HIS351, ASP352, and ARG442), which are crucial for inhibiting α-glucosidase. Notably, campesterin had a more significant influence on α-glucosidase than acarbose, with low binding energy. These findings underscore the significance of KKR in traditional medicine and suggest that it is promising treatment for diabetes mellitus. Further studies using animal model will provide valuable insights for advancing this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanchanok Limcharoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Chaniad
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Piriya Chonsut
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Thana Juckmeta
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Atthaphon Konyanee
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Ichwan Ridwan Rais
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Surat Sangkaew
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Sumaiya S, Siddiqui A, Chaudhary SS, Aslam M, Ahmad S, Ansari MA. Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. to evaluate its hepatoprotective activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117185. [PMID: 37714225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. (Family: Poacea/Gramineae) is being used to treat numerous ailments in traditional/folklore and indigenous system of medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiparasitic, analgesic, antipyretic and anticancer activities; however there is no documented evidence regarding its hepatoprotective efficacy. AIM This study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (HECJ) against paracetamol (PCM) induced liver damage in albino Wistar rats, and to identify the bioactive components present in the extract responsible for the said activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of rats (n = 6) were orally treated with: 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (normal control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (reference standard), HECJ [515 mg/kg (low dose) and 720 mg/kg (high dose)] (test groups) for 7 days daily, followed by induction of hepato-toxicity using PCM (2 gm/kg) on 7th day (PCM control; reference standard; test groups). The blood samples to estimate the level of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total protein; liver tissue homogenate for antioxidant markers (GSH, GST, GPx, and LPO) and liver section for histopathological analysis were collected. Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals from HECJ was done by preliminary screening, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis. RESULTS The animals pre-treated with HECJ dose-dependently and significantly alleviated the PCM-induced alterations in liver enzymes, plasma proteins, serum total bilirubin and antioxidant markers levels. The histopathological analysis suggest that PCM causes marked necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration, while preservation of the normal hepatic architecture was observed in groups pre-treated with, reference standard drug silymarin, and HECJ. Preliminary screening of the extract, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of some important bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, glycoside, tannins, steroids, fatty acids, sterols, esters, saponins, terpenes/terpenoids and essential oil which could be synergistically responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that C. jwarancusa could be taken as a beneficial natural product for its hepatoprotective efficacy; however, future line of work is required to establish its precise mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Sumaiya
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Aisha Siddiqui
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Shahid Shah Chaudhary
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Wang M, Bai QX, Zheng XX, Hu WJ, Wang S, Tang HP, Yu AQ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Smilax china L.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, actual and potential applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116992. [PMID: 37541403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L., an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Baqia in China. It has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and actual and potential applications of S. china. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article uses "Smilax china L." "S. china" as the keyword and collects relevant information on Smilax china L. plants through electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. RESULTS 134 chemical constituents, among which steroid saponins and flavonoids are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from S. china. S. china with its active compounds is possessed of wide-reaching biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, detoxify nicotine, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hyperuricaemia, anti-hypertension, promoting skin wound and barrier repair and anti-bacterial activity. Besides, S. china is also applied to other fields, such as food industry and detection technology. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of the existing phytochemical studies on Smilax china L., the structural characterization of Smilax china L. extract can continue to be the focus of future research. Pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated some of the traditional uses of Smilax china L. extract, while other traditional uses still need to be confirmed by research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiu-Xi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Gandhi Y, Rawat H, Singh Dhanjal D, Kumar V, Charde V, Soni H, Mishra SK, Singh G, Singh S, Sharma P, Shakya SK, Narsimhaji CV, Meena AK, Singh A, Singh R, Srikanth N, Acharya R. A Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals, Metal Ions, Volatile Metabolites in Heart Wood, Stem Bark and Leaves of Salix alba L. along with in Vitro Antioxidant, Antacid, Antimicrobial Activities for Sake of Environment Conservation by Substitution of Stem Bark With Leaf. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301234. [PMID: 37867394 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The genus of Salix is used in food, medicine and nutraceuticals, and standardized by using the single marker compound Salicin only. Stem bark is the official part used for the preparation of various drugs, nutraceuticals and food products, which may lead to overexploitation and damage of tree. There is need to search substitution of the stem bark with leaf of Salix alba L. (SA), which is yet not reported. Comparative phytochemicals viz. Salicin, Procyanidin B1 and Catechin were quantified in the various parts of SA viz. heart wood (SA-HW), stem bark (SA-SB) and leaves (SA-L) of Salix alba L.by using newly developed HPLC method. It was observed that SA-HW and SA-L contained far better amount of Salicin, Procyanidin B and Catechin as compared to SA-SB (SA-HW~SA-L≫SA-SB). Essential and toxic metal ions of all three parts were analysed using newly developed ICP-OES method, where SA-L were founded as a rich source of micronutrients and essential metal ions as compared to SA-SB and SA-HW. GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of fatty acids and volatile compounds. The observed TPC and TFC values for all three parts were ranged from 2.69 to 32.30 mg GAE/g of wt. and 37.57 to 220.76 mg QCE/g of wt. respectively. In DPPH assay the IC50 values of SA-SB, SA-HW, and SA-L were 1.09 (±0.02), 5.42 (±0.08), and 8.82 (±0.10) mg/mL, respectively. The order of antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis strains was SA-L>SA-HW>SA-SB with strong antibacterial activities against S. aureus, and B. subtilis strains. The antacid activities order was SA-L>SA-SB>SA-HW. The leaves of SA have shown significant source of nutrients, phytochemicals and medicinal properties than SA-HW and SA-SB. The leaves of SA may be considered as substitute of stem bark to save the environment or to avoid over exploitation, but after the complete pharmacological and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Gandhi
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaibhav Charde
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Soni
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujeet K Mishra
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Preeti Sharma
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh K Shakya
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - C V Narsimhaji
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naryanam Srikanth
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rabinarayan Acharya
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, 474001, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Shi X, Yu X, Yang L, Duan X. Ethyl acetate extract of Gastrodia elata protects Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress and amyloid β peptide toxicity. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:405. [PMID: 37522064 PMCID: PMC10375435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history, which has numerous pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and protection of nerves. The present study investigated the regulatory effect of ethyl acetate extract of Gastrodia elata (EEGE) on the β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). First, the main components of EEGE were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the total phenols, total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity of EEGE were determined. Next, the regulation effect of EEGE on Aβ-induced toxicity of C. elegans was evaluated through experiments on nematode paralysis, lifespan, oxidative and heat stress, locomotor ability, reproductive ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, Aβ aggregation test, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase (CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Finally, the mechanism of EEGE was elucidated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the expression levels of related genes were verified using quantitative PCR. The present study revealed that the main components of EEGE included phosphorylated (p)-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, possessing strong in vitro free radical scavenging and reducing abilities. In addition, after the intervention of EEGE, the paralysis of nematodes could be delayed, the survival time of the nematodes was prolonged, the survival rate of the nematodes under stress (high temperature and oxidation) conditions was improved, the activity capacity and reproductive capacity of the nematodes were improved, the activities of SOD and CAT were improved and the levels of ROS and MDA were reduced. Notably, EEGE directly inhibited Aβ plaque aggregation in nematodes. RNA-Seq analysis showed that EEGE regulated metabolism and longevity-related genes, and these genes were regulated by the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that the regulatory mechanism of EEGE was significantly related to the IIS pathway. The present research results demonstrated that the protective effect of EEGE on transgenic C. elegans was to reduce Aβ protein aggregation, improve the in vivo antioxidant level, effectively remove free radicals and to regulate the expression of genes related to IIS pathway, thereby reducing Aβ-induced toxicity and delaying nematode paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhi Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Liping Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Sharma B, Yadav DK. Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology in the Exploration of the Multi-Targeted Therapeutic Approach of Traditional Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233243. [PMID: 36501282 PMCID: PMC9737206 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic is generally characterized as a comprehensive and the most copious analytical technique for the identification of targeted and untargeted metabolite diversity in a biological system. Recently, it has exponentially been used for phytochemical analysis and variability among plant metabolites, followed by chemometric analysis. Network pharmacology analysis is a computational technique used for the determination of multi-mechanistic and therapeutic evaluation of chemicals via interaction with the genomes involved in targeted or untargeted diseases. In considering the facts, the present review aims to explore the role of metabolomics and network pharmacology in the scientific validation of therapeutic claims as well as to evaluate the multi-targeted therapeutic approach of traditional Indian medicinal plants. The data was collected from different electronic scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, ACS publication, PubMed, Springer, etc., using different keywords such as metabolomics, techniques used in metabolomics, chemometric analysis, a bioinformatic tool for drug discovery and development, network pharmacology, methodology and its role in biological evaluation of chemicals, etc. The screened articles were gathered and evaluated by different experts for their exclusion and inclusion in the final draft of the manuscript. The review findings suggest that metabolomics is one of the recent most precious and effective techniques for metabolite identification in the plant matrix. Various chemometric techniques are copiously used for metabolites discrimination analysis hence validating the unique characteristic of herbal medicines and their derived products concerning their authenticity. Network pharmacology remains the only option for the unique and effective analysis of hundreds of chemicals or metabolites via genomic interaction and thus validating the multi-mechanistic and therapeutic approach to explore the pharmacological aspects of herbal medicines for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-7042348251
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Qadir A, Khan N, Arif M, Warsi MH, Ullah SNMN, Yusuf M. GC–MS analysis of phytoconstituents present in Trigonella foenumgraecum L. seeds extract and its antioxidant activity. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang H, Kang X, Sun S, Yin Y, Jiang K, Tang G, Tang X, Wang W. Discovery of pyrogallol thermal reaction products from a model process of roasting coffee beans as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Khan N, Ali A, Qadir A, Ali A, Warsi MH, Tahir A, Ali A. GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Leaf Extract. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1415-1419. [PMID: 33825845 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Apocyanaceae) is known as a biologically effective plant for the treatment of jaundice in the Indian traditional system of medicine. It is a wild medicinal tree possessing anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antipsoriatic, anticancerous, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Its constituents are of utmost interest to pharmaceutical industries owing to their many actions and biological activities. METHOD Methanolic extract of W. tinctoria (MEWT) was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and provided affirmative results assisting in the identification and characterization of therapeutic claims regarding this species in the traditional system. The antioxidant activity of MEWT was determined by the most suitable DPPH method. RESULTS The basic compounds found in MEWT were β-caryophyllene (0.22%), mome inositol (12.02%), neophytadiene (1.61%), eicosanoic acid methyl ester (0.32%), 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester (0.60%), phytol (0.94%), phytol palmitate (1.37%), squalene (1.57%), flavone 4-OH, 5-OH, 7-di-O-glucoside (29.34%), γ-tocopherol (0.49%), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (3.14%), methyl commate B (1.76%), methyl commate A (5.20%), and 24-norursa-3,12-diene (20.36%). The obtained results in the analysis of antioxidant activity of MEWT exhibited considerable free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH-generated free radicals. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the knowledge of MEWT chemical composition and provides evidence to substantiate ethno-medicinal use of the plant by exploring antioxidant activity. The substantial antioxidant activity of MEWT could be due to presence of terpenes, flavonoids, vitamin E, and other reported compounds. HIGHLIGHTS This study includes identification of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Wrightia tinctoria, assisting in therapeutic claims regarding this species in the traditional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Khan
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Amena Ali
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Athar Ali
- Jamia Hamdard, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Tahir
- Raghukul College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Bhopal 462044, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Khan N, Qadir A, Warsi MH, Ali A, Tahir A, Ali A. Identification of the Phytoconstituents in Methanolic Extract of Adhatoda vasica L. Leaves by GC-MS Analysis and its Antioxidant Activity. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:267-271. [PMID: 34459903 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhatoda vasica L. is a medicinal plant, also known as Malabar nut in English, belongs to family Acanthaceae. It has been used traditionally to treat respiratory disorders like severe cough, cold, chronic bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, and other illnesses. The multifunctional range of bioactives found in it has piqued the interest of pharmaceutical companies, who are looking for more evidence-based ways to develop new formulations. METHOD Methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica L. leaves (MEAV) was analysed by hyphenated gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for identification and characterization of its bioactives and traditional therapeutic claim. Widely anticipated DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of MEAV. RESULTS The major compounds revealed in MEAV leaves are 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (3.06%); 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (5.35%); 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (16.82%); 2-butylphenol (6.85%); 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-on (2.5%); 2(OR 3)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol (3.52%); megastigmatrienone 3 (1.02%); tetradecanoic acid (1.52%); vomifoliol (0.58%); oxalic acid, cyclobutylhexyl ester (6.03%); hexadecanoic acid (6.06%); 4-ethyl-2-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[B]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (10.08%); phytol (2.01%); and vitamin E (3.18%). A significant reduction in free radical against DPPH was observed, which revealed antioxidant potential of MEAV. CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica L. leaves consist of both polar and nonpolar components. GC-MS analysis was used to identify these compounds. The current work validates that the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract attributed to the presence of compounds like vitamin E, alkaloid, and terpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box, 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Tahir
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghukul College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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A validated, rapid and cost-efficient HPTLC method for the quantification of plumbagin and its antioxidant activity from the different extracts of Plumbago zeylanica L. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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