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Hsu CY, Pallathadka H, Gupta J, Ma H, Al-Shukri HHK, Kareem AK, Zwamel AH, Mustafa YF. Berberine and berberine nanoformulations in cancer therapy: Focusing on lung cancer. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38994919 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and ranks first in cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the resistance development to conventional cancer therapy strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, various natural products and their extracts have been revealed as alternatives. Berberine (BBR), which is present in the stem, root, and bark of various trees, could exert anticancer activities by regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune responses via modulating several signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Due to its poor water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics/bioavailability profile, and extensive p-glycoprotein-dependent efflux, BBR application in (pre) clinical studies is restricted. To overcome these limitations, BBR can be encapsulated in nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems, as monotherapy or combinational therapy, and improve BBR therapeutic efficacy. Nanoformulations also facilitate the selective delivery of BBR into lung cancer cells. In addition to the anticancer activities of BBR, especially in lung cancer, here we reviewed the BBR nanoformulations, including polymeric NPs, metal-based NPs, carbon nanostructures, and others, in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Haowei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - A K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Li Q, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Zheng C. Causal role of metabolites in non-small cell lung cancer: Mendelian randomization (MR) study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300904. [PMID: 38517880 PMCID: PMC10959361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, lung cancer(LC) is the most commonly occurring form of cancer. Nonetheless, the process of screening and detecting it in its early stages presents significant challenges. Earlier research endeavors have recognized metabolites as potentially reliable biomarkers for LC. However, the majority of these studies have been limited in scope, featuring inconsistencies in terms of the relationships and levels of association observed.Moreover, there has been a lack of consistency in the types of biological samples utilized in previous studies. Therefore, the main objective of our research was to explore the correlation between metabolites and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Thorough two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, we investigated potential cause-and-effect relationships between 1400 metabolites and the risk of NSCLC.The analysis of TSMR revealed a significant causal impact of 61 metabolites on NSCLC.To ensure the reliability and validity of our findings, we perform FDR correction for P-values by Benjaminiand Hochberg(BH) method, Our results indicate that Oleate/vaccenate (18:1) levels and Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio may be causally associated with an increased risk of NSCLC [Oleate/vaccenate(18:1)levels: OR = 1.171,95%CI: 1.085-1.265, FDR = 0.036; Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio: OR = 1.386, 95%CI:1.191-1.612,FDR = 0.032].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zedong Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, 433100, China
| | - Yonglun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, 433100, China
| | - Chongqing Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, 433100, China
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Luna HGC, Imasa MS, Juat N, Hernandez KV, Sayo TM, Cristal-Luna G, Asur-Galang SM, Bellengan M, Duga KJ, Buenaobra BB, De los Santos MI, Medina D, Samo J, Literal VM, Bascos NA, Sy-Naval S. The differential prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in the outcomes of Filipinos with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1896-1911. [PMID: 37854154 PMCID: PMC10579834 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The tumor immune microenvironment influences tumor evolution in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, the prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC remains controversial. Additionally, prognostic studies in Filipinos with EGFR-mutant NSCLC remain unexplored to this day. Methods We prospectively studied the outcomes of EGFR-mutant NSCLC in Filipino cohort, and retrospectively verified the survival trend using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Kaplan-Meier method and generalized linear regression were used to assess survival. Expression and DNA methylation of cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274, gene that codes for PD-L1) were examined from TCGA tumor profiles. Pearson's correlation was used to correlate PD-L1 expression with outcomes associated with occurrence of EGFR mutations, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) types, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression. Proteome network analysis was used to examine the correlation between drug resistance and PD-L1. Results PD-L1 positivity was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS; P=0.0096) but had a significantly contrasting influence in the overall survival (OS; P=0.0011). PD-L1 positivity (in both protein and RNA) was associated with longer median OS (mOS) in exon21 L858R, whereas, negativity was associated with longer mOS in exon19 deletion (exon19del). Stratification (high, low, negative) of PD-L1 expression lacked significant prognostic value (all P>0.05). PD-L1/CD274 expression (P<0.05) and DNA methylation (P<0.001) vary significantly among NSCLC subtypes and in different disease stages. Erlotinib treatment produced the longest median progression-free survival (mPFS; 874 days) relative to other EGFR-TKIs (137-311 days). PD-L1 lacked a significant correlation with EGFR-TKIs. Consistent with the immune-regulation activities of PD-1, higher expression leads to relatively shorter mOS. PD-1 correlated positively with PD-L1 expression and occurrence of exon21 L858R. Conclusions PD-L1 differentially influenced the outcomes of Filipinos with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. NSCLC subtypes, disease stage, and PD-1 expression may impact the collective outcomes associated with PD-L1 and EGFR-sensitizing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdee Gloriane C. Luna
- Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
- National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Necy Juat
- National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Treah May Sayo
- Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Sheena Marie Asur-Galang
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Mirasol Bellengan
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Kent John Duga
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Bien Brian Buenaobra
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Marvin I. De los Santos
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Daniel Medina
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Jamirah Samo
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Venus Minerva Literal
- Clinical Proteomics for Cancer Initiative, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Neil Andrew Bascos
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- Protein, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Quezon City, Philippines
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Bodén E, Sveréus F, Olm F, Lindstedt S. A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor ( MET) and Its Impact in the Development and Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3827. [PMID: 37568643 PMCID: PMC10417792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of annual cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 12.9%. The available treatment options for patients who experience disease progression remain limited. Targeted therapeutic approaches are promising but further understanding of the role of genetic alterations in tumorigenesis is imperative. The MET gene has garnered great interest in this regard. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive and unbiased summary of the evidence. A systematic search was conducted in the reputable scientific databases Embase and PubMed, leading to the inclusion of twenty-two articles, following the PRISMA guidelines, elucidating the biological role of MET in lung cancer and targeted therapies. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with registration ID: CRD42023437714. MET mutations were detected in 7.6-11.0% of cases while MET gene amplification was observed in 3.9-22.0%. Six studies showed favorable treatment outcomes utilizing MET inhibitors compared to standard treatment or placebo, with increases in PFS and OS ranging from 0.9 to 12.4 and 7.2 to 24.2 months, respectively, and one study reporting an increase in ORR by 17.3%. Furthermore, patients with a higher mutational burden may derive greater benefit from treatment with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) than those with a lower mutational burden. Conversely, two studies reported no beneficial effect from adjunctive treatment with a MET targeted therapy. Given these findings, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic strategies specifically targeting the MET gene in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Embla Bodén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.O.)
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fanny Sveréus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.O.)
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Franziska Olm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.O.)
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.O.)
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, 22242 Lund, Sweden
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Hogea P, Tudorache E, Fira-Mladinescu O, Pescaru C, Manolescu D, Bratosin F, Rosca O, Kakarla M, Horhat FG, Oancea C. Bronchial Microbiota and the Stress Associated with Invasive Diagnostic Tests in Lung Cancer vs. Benign Pulmonary Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2419. [PMID: 37510163 PMCID: PMC10378448 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to compare the bronchial microbiota of patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary diseases undergoing bronchoscopy, and to assess the stress levels associated with invasive diagnostic lung tests. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Victor Babes" Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology in Timisoara, Romania. A total of 33 patients with histologically diagnosed bronchopulmonary cancer and 33 control patients with benign lung pathologies underwent bronchoscopy. Bronchial microbiota was analyzed by multiplex PCR, culture media, and cytology. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the ECOG performance status scale, Karnofsky scale, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and HADS questionnaires. There were no significant differences in the presence of common microbial species between the two groups, except for Acinetobacter spp. Which was identified in 15.2% of patients with lung cancer and 0.0% in the control group, Candida spp. Was more prevalent in the benign group (24.2% vs. 6.1%), and the Parainfluenza virus was detected only in the malignant group (21.1% vs. 0.0%). Cytology results showed a higher prevalence of atypical and tumoral cells in the malignant group (39.4% and 30.0%, respectively), as well as higher lymphocyte levels in the benign group (69.7% vs. 24.2%). Patients with lung cancer had significantly lower performance status on the ECOG scale (2.34 vs. 1.92), lower Karnofsky scores (71.36 vs. 79.43), and higher GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores at the initial evaluation compared to the benign group. At the 90-day follow-up, ECOG and Karnofsky scores remained significantly different from the initial evaluation, but only GAD-7 scores showed a significant difference between the two groups. There were differences in the bronchial microbiota between patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases, with a higher prevalence of Candida spp. in the benign group and exclusive detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Parainfluenza virus in the malignant group. Patients with lung cancer exhibited higher stress levels, more severe anxiety, and depression symptoms, which persisted during follow-up. Further research is needed to understand the role of bronchial microbiota in lung cancer and the impact of stress on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hogea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emanuela Tudorache
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Pescaru
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Radiology, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rosca
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manaswini Kakarla
- Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Pineda-Lancheros LE, Gálvez-Navas JM, Rojo-Tolosa S, Membrive-Jiménez C, Valverde-Merino MI, Martínez-Martínez F, Sánchez-Martín A, Ramírez-Tortosa MC, Pérez-Ramírez C, Jiménez-Morales A. Polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, GC and CYP24A1 Genes as Biomarkers of Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061525. [PMID: 36986255 PMCID: PMC10057500 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to provide a compilation of all the literature available on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes involved in the metabolic pathway of vitamin D and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. It included all the literature published up to 1 November 2022 and was carried out in four databases (Medline [PubMed], Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase), using the PICO strategy, with relevant keywords related to the objective. The quality of the studies included was evaluated with an assessment tool derived from the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA) statement. Six studies were included in this systematic review. Our findings showed that the BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx-2 (rs11568820), FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232), TaqI (rs731236), rs4646536, rs6068816, rs7041, and rs10741657 SNPs in the genes that play a part in vitamin D synthesis (CYP2R1, CYP27B1), transport (GC), and metabolism (CYP24A1), as well as in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), are associated with OS and/or PFS in patients with NSCLC. The SNPs in VDR have been the most extensively analyzed. This systematic review summed up the available evidence concerning the association between 13 SNPs in the main genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway and prognosis in NSCLC. It revealed that SNPs in the VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, GC, and CYP2R1 genes could have an impact on survival in this disease. These findings suggest the identification of prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC patients. However, evidence remains sparse for each of the polymorphisms examined, so these findings should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elena Pineda-Lancheros
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - José María Gálvez-Navas
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Andalusian School of Public Health, Carretera del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Rojo-Tolosa
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Membrive-Jiménez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Martínez-Martínez
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Social and Legal Assistance Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Martín
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramírez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain
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Said NS, Degu A. Assessment of survival outcomes among lung cancer patients at the National and Referral Hospital in Kenya. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9194-9201. [PMID: 36708066 PMCID: PMC10166906 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer has a low overall survival rate linked to late diagnosis and metastasis. Unfortunately, comprehensive data within the African continent are limited due to the lack of a registry, low public awareness of lung cancer, financial constraints, and inadequate screening and treatment facilities. In addition, there was a lack of conclusive data in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess survival outcomes among lung cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital. METHODS A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was performed to examine the survival outcomes of 151 lung cancer patients. All eligible lung cancer patients diagnosed and treated in the facility between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, were included. The patients were retrospectively followed from the date of primary cancer diagnosis until death or the last follow-up period. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 statistical software was used to enter and analyze the data. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were employed to determine median survival and predictors of mortality, respectively. RESULTS The mean and median follow-time was 18.2 and 17.5 months, respectively. Most (98%) of the patients had non-small cell lung cancer. The 2-year survival rate was 66.7%, with 59.6% of patients having developed distant metastasis during the follow-up, while 25.1% were deceased. The median cancer-specific survival time among the study population was 18.0 ± 3.40 months. Cox regression analyses showed that patients with distant metastasis had five times more risk of dying (AHR: 4.74, 95% CI: 2.1-10.8, p < 0.001) than patients without distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The overall two-year survival rate of lung cancer patients at the Kenyatta National Hospital was 66.7%, with most patients developed distant metastasis during the follow-up period. Distant metastasis was the only significant predictor of mortality among lung cancer patients in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Swaleh Said
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amsalu Degu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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Prognostic value of pretherapeutic FDG PET/CT in non-small cell lung cancer with pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:345. [PMID: 36611038 PMCID: PMC9825376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to determine prognostic value of pretherapeutic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in NSCLC with radiologically diagnosed PLC. We retrospectively reviewed 50 NSCLC patients with radiologically diagnosed PLC. Among eight clinical variables and five imaging parameters, metabolic PLC burden, which represents the overall tumor burden of PLC, and cPLC, which represents the location and extent of PLC in a three-grade system, were used. In multivariate analyses for progression-free survival, metabolic PLC burden (P = 0.0181), cPLC (P = 0.0401), and clinical stage (P = 0.0284) were identified as independent prognostic factors. High metabolic PLC burden had a worse prognosis, and the prognosis of cPLC3 was significantly worse than that of cPLC1 or cPLC2. In univariate analyses for overall survival, only age (P = 0.0073) was identified a prognostic factor. In conclusion, FDG PET/CT parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors in NSCLC with radiologically diagnosed PLC. Furthermore, a combination of anatomical and metabolic information about PLC obtained using FDG PET/CT provides insight into the overall tumor burden of PLC and is useful in predicting prognosis.
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Tas F. Diagnosing lung cancer at a younger age and with male dominance: Comparison of Turkish patients with United States patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S577-S580. [PMID: 38384021 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1103_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of lung cancer (LC) increases with an older age and is most frequently diagnosed among patients aged 65-74 years with an increasing women ratio over the years in the United States (US). AIM This study aimed to demonstrate the age and gender distribution of Turkish LC patients at diagnosis over the past 10 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 5,201 LC patients who had been admitted to the Institute of Oncology, a tertiary referral center, from January 2011 to December 2020 were included in the study. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. This was 9 years younger than that of the US patients according to surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program data from 2015 to 2019, showing that the median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The distribution curve of the age-specific incidence ratios significantly shifted to the left compared to the American data. The majority of the patients were men (79.2%); women were 20.8%. These values were quite different from the US patients; the distribution of gender was nearly identical, with 51.8% for men and 48.2% for women according to American Cancer Society data from 2011 to 2020. The changes in the ratios of Turkish and US LC patients by sex were identical over the years; although the proportion of men has been in a downtrend, the proportion of women has been in an uptrend in both countries. CONCLUSION Turkish LC patients are diagnosed at younger ages and male-dominant compared to LC patients from the US, and this portends a significant health problem. Therefore, efforts to quit smoking must be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Tas
- Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tungsukruthai S, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Cycloartocarpin Inhibits Migration through the Suppression of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and FAK/AKT Signaling in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:8121. [PMID: 36500213 PMCID: PMC9737129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer metastasis is a multifaceted process that accounts for 90% of cancer deaths. According to several studies, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an essential role in lung cancer metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential pharmacological effect of cycloartocarpin on the suppression of metastasis-related behaviors and EMT. An MTT assay was used to examine cell viability. Cell migration was determined using a wound healing assay. Anchorage-independent cell growth was also performed. Western blot analysis was used to identify the key signaling proteins involved in the regulation of EMT and migration. The results found that non-toxic concentrations of cycloartocarpin (10-20 μM) effectively suppressed cell migration and attenuated anchorage-independent growth in H292, A549, and H460 cells. Interestingly, these effects were consistent with the findings of Western blot analysis, which revealed that the level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), phosphorylated ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase (p-AKT), and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) were significantly reduced, resulting in the inhibition of the EMT process, as evidenced by decreased N-cadherin, vimentin, and slug expression. Taken together, the results suggest that cycloartocarpin inhibits EMT by suppressing the FAK/AKT signaling pathway, which is involved in Cdc42 attenuation. Our findings demonstrated that cycloartocarpin has antimetastatic potential for further research and development in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharat Tungsukruthai
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Weber B, Luke ND, Payette AM, Shaaban H. Lung Cancer Presenting as Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Pain: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e28706. [PMID: 36204042 PMCID: PMC9527109 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is a tragically common iteration of lung cancer. Risk factors included primary or secondary exposure to tobacco smoke, family history of the disease, and occupationally related hazards, among others. Metastasis to various distant organs may present quite late and in unusual ways, providing a challenge to healthcare providers. A combination of imaging, biopsy, and histochemical analysis can be used to clinch the diagnosis and guide management. Effective treatment relies on a prompt diagnosis, from surgery to radiation and chemotherapy. Our case illustrates how an advanced metastatic lung cancer clinically manifested as something as seemingly benign as shoulder pain.
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